部分摘抄来源于：http://www.centoscn.com/image-text/install/2016/0504/7167.html
本文环境如下：
操作系统：CentOS6.5 64位
Hive版本：2.0.0
JDK版本：1.8.0 64位
Hadoop版本：2.6.2
1. 所需要的环境
Hive 2.0需要以下运行环境：
Java 1.7以上（强烈建议使用Java 1.8）
Hadoop 2.X
2. 下载、解压Hive安装包
Hive官网地址: http://hive.apache.org/
例如：
wget "http://mirrors.cnnic.cn/apache/hive/hive-2.0.0/apache-hive-2.0.0-bin.tar.gz"
tar -xzvf apache-hive-2.0.0-bin.tar.gz
mv apache-hive-2.0.0-bin /opt/hive-2.0.0
3. 配置环境变量（可选）
将hive-2.0.0/bin添加到path，以方便访问
vi /etc/profile
在末尾添加：
HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive-2.0.0
PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin
4. 启动单机模式
Hive和Hadoop一样，有3种启动模式，分别是单机模式，伪分布模式，分布模式。这里先来说一下单机模式的启动方式。
4.1 修改配置文件
cd /opt/hive-2.0.0/conf
vi hive-site.xml //也可以用hive-default.xml.template去改，不过这个文件中的配置项太多了
输入以下内容后保存：
hive.metastore.warehouse.dir
/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/warehouse
location of default database for the warehouse
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL
jdbc:derby:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/metastore_db;create=true
JDBC connect string for a JDBC metastore
4.2 初始化数据库
schematool -initSchema -dbType derby
出现以下几行说明初始化成功：
[root@master conf]# schematool -initSchema -dbType derby
which: no hbase in (/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/lib64/qt-3.3/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin::/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.2/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.2/sbin:/bin:/home/hadoop/hive-0.12.0:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/bin)
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/hive-jdbc-2.0.0-standalone.jar!/org/slf]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/i
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7gerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Metastore connection URL: jdbc:derby:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/metastore_db;create=true
Metastore Connection Driver : org.apache.derby.jdbc.EmbeddedDriver
Metastore connection User: APP
Starting metastore schema initialization to 2.0.0
Initialization script hive-schema-2.0.0.derby.sql
Initialization script completed
schemaTool completed
4.3 启动程序
mkdir -p warehouse
chmod a+rwx warehouse
hive
如果出现hive>提示符则说明启动成功
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/hive-common-2.0.0.jar
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive> show databases;
ok
default
Time taken: 1.902 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
5. 常见错误
5.1 运行hive时出现
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: Hive metastore database is not initialized.
Please use schematool (e.g. ./schematool -initSchema -dbType ...) to create the schema. If needed,
don't forget to include the option to auto-create the underlying database in your JDBC connection
string (e.g. ?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true for mysql)
错误原因： 数据库没有初始化，请参照4.2
Initialization script hive-schema-2.0.0.derby.sql
Error: FUNCTION 'NUCLEUS_ASCII' already exists. (state=X0Y68,code=30000)
org.apache.hadoop.hive.metastore.HiveMetaException: Schema initialization FAILED! Metastore state would be inconsistent !!
*** schemaTool failed ***
错误原因：数据库文件夹中已经存在一些文件，解决方法就是清空数据库文件夹（也就是前面配置的/opt/hive-2.0.0/metastore_db文件夹）
5.3运行hive时报错：（部分截图）
[root@master conf]# hive
which: no hbase in (/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/java/jdk1.8.0/bin:/usr/lib64/q:/usr/local/bin:/bin:/usr/bin::/usr/local/sbin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/home/hadoop/bin:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.2/sbin:/bin:/home/hadoop/hive-0.12.0:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/bin)
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/hive-jdbc-2.0.0-standalone.jar!/org/slf]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.4.1.jar!/org/slf4j/i
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/home/hadoop/hadoop-2.6.2/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7gerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]
Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/home/hadoop/hive-2.0.0/lib/hive-common-2.0.0.jar
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.RuntimeException: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlExceptt, access=WRITE, inode="/":hadoop:supergroup:drwxr-xr-x
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkFsPermission(FSPermissionC
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPermissionChecker.java
....at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.run(RunJar.java:221)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.RunJar.main(RunJar.java:136)
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=root, access=WR:drwxr-xr-x
.....
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createRootHDFSDir(SessionState.java:640)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.createSessionDirs(SessionState.java:597)
at org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.session.SessionState.start(SessionState.java:526)
... 9 more
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.ipc.RemoteException(org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException): Permission denied: user=root, access=WRITE,
inode="/":hadoop:supergroup:drwxr-xr-x
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkFsPermission(FSPermissionChecker.java:271)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPermissionChecker.java:257)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.check(FSPermissionChecker.java:238)
at org.apache.hadoop.hdfs.server.namenode.FSPermissionChecker.checkPermission(FSPermissionCh
错误原因：权限问题，百度这个错误：错误信息是说我的root用户没有权限来访问hive中的表信息。
Caused by: org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permission denied: user=root,
access=WR:drwxr-xr-x
error：org.apache.oozie.action.ActionExecutorException: JA002:org.apache.hadoop.security.AccessControlException: Permissiondenied: user=xxj, access=WRITE,inode="user":hadoop:supergroup:rwxr-xr-x
解决办法，到hadoop中去找到配置wenjianhdfs-site.xml
sulution：added this entry to conf/hdfs-site.xml
[hadoop@master hadoop]$ vim hdfs-site.xml
dfs.permissions
false
然后再启动就正常了！
