masterhight availabulity:基于主库的高可用环境下:主从复制 故障切换
主从的架构
MHA:最少要一主两从
mysql的单点故障问题,一旦主库崩溃,MHA可以在0-30秒内自动完成故障切换
MHA使用的是半同步复制,只要有一台服务器写入数据,就会自动提交给客户端
master崩溃,slave就会从主的二进制日志保存文件
slave会识别最新更新的日志
差异部分同步到slave
提升一个新的slave作为master
其他的slave继续和新的master同步
实验准备:
1.mha架构塔键
2.模拟故障
3.故障恢复
MHA manager 192.168.233.10
master 192.168.233.21
slave1 192.168.233.22
slave2 192.168.233.23
node组件----------------->需要部署在所有服务器上。manager组件依赖于node组件,node组件监控mysql的状态
node组件靠ssh来进行通信
所有
systemctl stop firewalld
setenforce 0
master:
hostnamectl set-hostname master
su
slave1:
hostnamectl set-hostname slave1
su
slave2:
hostnamectl set-hostname slave2
su
主从复制
master:
vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=1
log_bin=master-bin
log-slave-updates=true
slave1:
vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id = 2
log_bin = master-bin
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
slave2:
vim /etc/my.cnf
server-id=3
log_bin=master-bin
relay-log=relay-log-bin
relay-log-index=slave-relay-bin.index
所有:
systemctl restart mysqld
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql /usr/sbin/
ln -s /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqlbinlog /usr/sbin/
mysql -u root -p123456
grant replication slave on *.* to 'myslave'@'192.168.66.%' identified by '123456';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'192.168.66.%' identified by 'manager';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'master' identified by 'manager';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave1' identified by 'manager';
grant all privileges on *.* to 'mha'@'slave2' identified by 'manager';
flush privileges;
master:
show master status;
slave1:
change master to master_host='192.168.66.15',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=2043;
start slave;
show slave status\G;
set global read_only=1; #设置数据库为只读模式
slave2:
change master to master_host='192.168.66.15',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=2043;
start slave;
show slave status\G;
set global read_only=1; #设置数据库为只读模式
终端测试
master:
create database kgc;
所有的服务器都要安装MHA的依赖环境,必须安装epel源
yum install epel-release --nogpgcheck -y
yum install -y perl-DBD-MySQL \
perl-Config-Tiny \
perl-Log-Dispatch \
perl-Parallel-ForkManager \
perl-ExtUtils-CBuilder \
perl-ExtUtils-MakeMaker \
perl-CPAN
#######先安装node组件在装MHA
cd /opt/
把node拖进去所有文件
ls
tar zxvf mha4mysql-node-0.57.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-node-0.57
ls
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install
test1:
cd /opt
高可用拖进去
tar zxvf mha4mysql-manager-0.57.tar.gz
cd mha4mysql-manager-0.57
perl Makefile.PL
make && make install
cd /usr/local/bin/
ls
masterha_check_ssh: 检查MHA的SSH的配置状况
masterha_check_repl:检查mysql的复制情况
masterha_manager:启动manager的脚本
masterha_check_status:检测MHA的运行状态
masterha_master_monitor:检测matser主机的情况,maters是否宕机。
masterha_master_switch:控制故障转移
masterha_conf_host:添加或者删除配置的server信息。
masterha_stop:停止MAH脚本
node组件
save_binary_logs 保存和复制mater的二进制日志
apply_diff_relay_logs:识别二进制日志当中的差异事件,然后发送给其他的slave
filter_mysqlbinlog:去除不必要的回滚(MHA已经不用了)
purge_relay_logs:同步之后清除中继日志(不会阻塞sql的线程)
node依赖ssh通信,每台主机实现ssh的免密登录
test1:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
一路回车
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.15
yes
123
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.16
yes
123
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.17
yes
123
master:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
一路回车
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.16
yes
123
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.17
yes
123
slave1:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
一路回车
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.15
yes
123
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.17
yes
123
slave2:
ssh-keygen -t rsa
一路回车
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.15
yes
123
ssh-copy-id 192.168.66.16
yes
123
test1:
cd /opt
ls
cd mha-man
ls
cd samples/
cd scripts/
ls
###
master_ip_failover:自动切换时管理vip的脚本
master_ip_online_change:在线切换时,vip的管理脚本
power_manager:故障发送之后,关闭master脚本
send_report:发送故障时的告警脚本
###
cp -a /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/scripts /usr/local/bin
cd /usr/local/bin/
cd scripts/
ls
cp /usr/local/bin/scripts/master_ip_failover /usr/local/bin
cd ..
vim /usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
#! /usr/bin/env perl
use strict;
use warnings FATAL => 'all';
use Getopt::Long;
my (
$command, $ssh_user, $orig_master_host, $orig_master_ip,
$orig_master_port, $new_master_host, $new_master_ip, $new_master_port
);
my $vip = '192.168.66.100'; #设定vip地址
my $brdc = '192.168.66.255'; #设定vip的广播地址
my $ifdev = 'ens33'; #vip绑定的网卡
my $key = '1'; #ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.233.100/24
my $ssh_start_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key $vip"; #ens33:1 192.168.233.100 up
my $ssh_stop_vip = "/sbin/ifconfig ens33:$key down"; #ens33:1 192.168.233.100 down
my $exit_code = 0;
GetOptions(
'command=s' => \$command,
'ssh_user=s' => \$ssh_user,
'orig_master_host=s' => \$orig_master_host,
'orig_master_ip=s' => \$orig_master_ip,
'orig_master_port=i' => \$orig_master_port,
'new_master_host=s' => \$new_master_host,
'new_master_ip=s' => \$new_master_ip,
'new_master_port=i' => \$new_master_port,
);
exit &main();
sub main {
print "\n\nIN SCRIPT TEST====$ssh_stop_vip==$ssh_start_vip===\n\n";
if ( $command eq "stop" || $command eq "stopssh" ) {
my $exit_code = 1;
eval {
print "Disabling the VIP on old master: $orig_master_host \n";
&stop_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn "Got Error: $@\n";
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "start" ) {
my $exit_code = 10;
eval {
print "Enabling the VIP - $vip on the new master - $new_master_host \n";
&start_vip();
$exit_code = 0;
};
if ($@) {
warn $@;
exit $exit_code;
}
exit $exit_code;
}
elsif ( $command eq "status" ) {
print "Checking the Status of the script.. OK \n";
exit 0;
}
else {
&usage();
exit 1;
}
}
sub start_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$new_master_host \" $ssh_start_vip \"`;
}
### A simple system call that disable the VIP on the old_master
sub stop_vip() {
`ssh $ssh_user\@$orig_master_host \" $ssh_stop_vip \"`;
}
sub usage {
"Usage: master_ip_failover --command=start|stop|stopssh|status --orig_master_host=host --orig_master_ip=ip --orig_master_port=port --new_master_host=host --new_master_ip=ip --new_master_port=port\n";
}
mkdir /etc/masterha
cd /opt/mha4mysql-manager /samples/conf
###
app1.cnf
##
cp /opt/mha4mysql-manager-0.57/samples/conf/app1.cnf /etc/masterha
vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
100dd
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log #manager的管理日志
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1 #manager的工作目录
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data #保存master的二进制日志的位置,必须要和master保存的路口一致
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover #设置自动切换脚本
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change #手动切换
password=manager
ping_interval=1 #监控主库,发送ping包的时间间隔。1秒。尝试3次之后会切换到failover脚本进行自动切换
remote_workdir=/tmp #mysql在发送切换时,binlog的保存位置
repl_password=123456 #用户密码
repl_user=myslave #用户名
secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.66.16 -s 192.168.66.17
#从对主监听
shutdown_script="" #设置切换时,告警的脚本
ssh_user=root #远程登录的用户名
user=mha
[server1]
hostname=192.168.66.15
#主服务器
port=3306
[server2]
candidate_master=1 #设置候选的master主库崩溃会切换到server2 233.22
check_repl_delay=0 #即使设置了权重,但是从服务器的relay_logs落后master100M,也不会切换。设置0,会忽略延迟复制,直接升为主。强制切换到设定为候选master的服务器。
hostname=192.168.66.16
#备用主服务器
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=192.168.66.17
#从服务器2
port=3306
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.66.100/24
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
master:
/sbin/ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.66.100/24
test1:
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
-remove_dead_master_conf:该参数代表当发生主从切换后,老的主库的 ip 将会从配置文件中移除。
--manger_log:日志存放位置。
--ignore_last_failover:在缺省情况下,如果 MHA 检测到连续发生宕机,且两次宕机间隔不足 8 小时的话,则不会进行自动切换。忽略时间间隔,只要发生故障就会切换
ps -elf | grep 81112
重新开个test1:
tail -f /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
master:
systemctl stop mysqld
slave1:
mysql -u root -p123456;
show master status;
master:
systemctl restart mysqld
mysql -u root -p123456
hange master to master_host='192.168.66.16',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000001',master_log_pos=1747;
start slave;
show slave status\G;
test1:
vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
masterha_check_ssh -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
masterha_check_repl -conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
模拟故障
master:
ifconfig ens33:1 192.168.66.100/24
ip addr
systemctl stop mysqld
ip addr
slave1:
ip addr
故障修复:
master:
vim /etc/my.cnf
末尾改成
log_bin = master-bin
relay-log = relay-log-bin
relay-log-index = slave-relay-bin.index
systemctl restart mysqld.service
slave1:
vim /etc/my.cnf
末尾改成
log_bin = master-bin
log-slave-updates = true
systemctl restart mysqld.service
test1:
masterha_stop --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf
vim /etc/masterha/app1.cnf
[server default]
manager_log=/var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log
manager_workdir=/var/log/masterha/app1
master_binlog_dir=/usr/local/mysql/data
master_ip_failover_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_failover
master_ip_online_change_script=/usr/local/bin/master_ip_online_change
password=manager
ping_interval=1
remote_workdir=/tmp
repl_password=123
repl_user=myslave
secondary_check_script=/usr/local/bin/masterha_secondary_check -s 192.168.66.15 -s 192.168.66.17
shutdown_script=""
ssh_user=root
user=mha
[server1]
hostname=192.168.66.16
port=3306
[server2]
candidate_master=1
check_repl_delay=0
hostname=192.168.66.15
port=3306
[server3]
hostname=192.168.66.17
port=3306
nohup masterha_manager --conf=/etc/masterha/app1.cnf --remove_dead_master_conf --ignore_last_failover < /dev/null > /var/log/masterha/app1/manager.log 2>&1 &
slave1:
mysql -u root -p123
show master status;
master:
mysql -u root -p123
stop slave;
change master to master_host='192.168.66.16',master_user='myslave',master_password='123456',master_log_file='master-bin.000003',master_log_pos=310;
reset slave;
start slave;
测试