1动物园
---------------------------------animal.h-----------------------------
#ifndef ANIMAL_H
#define ANIMAL_H
class Animal
{
public:
Animal();
virtual ~Animal();//一定要记得
virtual void voice() = 0;
};
//此函数时根据抽象类来封装的，这种函数就叫 架构函数
void AnimalVoice(Animal *ap);
#endif
//
ANIMAL_H
---------------------------------animal.cpp-----------------------------
//animal.cpp
#include
#include "animal.h"
using namespace std;
Animal::Animal()
{
cout<<"Animal::Animal()"<voice();
cout<<"动物乱叫结束了"<
using namespace std;
Dog::Dog()
{
cout<<"Dog::Dog()"<
using namespace std;
Cat::Cat()
{
cout<<"Cat::Cat()"<voice();
AnimalVoice(pa);
delete pa;
cout<<"-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐-‐"<voice();
AnimalVoice(pa);
delete pa;
return 0;
}
2电脑组装的案例
1.png
#include
using namespace std;
//---------------------抽象层------------------------------------
//抽象的CPU
class CPU
{
public:
//抽象的计算方法
virtual void caculate() = 0;
}
//抽象的显卡
class Card
{
public:
virtual void display() = 0;
}
//抽象的内存
class Memory
{
public:
virtual void storage() = 0;
}
class Computer
{
public:
Computer(CPU *cpu,Card *card,Memory *mem){cpu = new IntelCPU;
this->cpu = cpu;
this->card = card;
this->mem = mem;
}
//给电脑提供一个工作的方法
void work(){
cpu->caculate();//发生多态
card->display();//发生多态
mem->storage(); //发生多态
}
~Computer(){
if (cpu != NULL)
{
delete cpu;
cpu = NULL
}
if (card != NULL)
{
delete card;
card = NULL;
}
if (mem != NULL)
{
delete mem;
mem = NULL;
}
}
private:
CPU *cpu;
Card *card;
Memory *mem;
}
//---------------------抽象层end------------------------------------
//------------------------实现层------------------------------------
//intel的CPU
class IntelCPU:public CPU
{
public:
virtual void caculate(){
cout<<"Intel的CPU开始计算了"<caculate();
intelCard->display();
intelMemory->storage();
#endif
Computer *c1 = new Computer(intelCPU,intelCard,intelMemory);
c1->work();
delete c1;
//组装第二台电脑
Card *nvdiaCard = new NvdiaCard;
Memory *kingstonMem = new KingstonMem;
Computer *c2 = new Computer(intelCPU,nvdiaCard,kingstonMem);
c2->work();
delete c2;
delete intelCPU;
delete intelCard;
delete intelMemory;
delete nvdiaCard;
delete kingstonMem;
Computer *c3 = new Computer(new IntelCPU,new IntelCard,new IntelMemory);
//这样写无法在main里面 delete (new IntelCPU...)
//只能通过Computer的析构函数delete掉
//很方便！
delete c3;
return 0;
}
3.企业员工信息管理系统
一个小型公司的人员信息管理系统
某小型公司,主要有四类人员:经理、技术人员、销售经理和推销员。现在,需要存储这些人员的姓名、编号、级别、当月薪水.计算月薪总额并显示全部信息。
人员编号基数为 1000,每输入一个人员信息编号顺序加 1。
程序要有对所有人员提升级别的功能。本例中为简单起见,所有人员的初始级别均为 1 级。然后进行升级,经理升为 4 级,技术人员和销售经理升为 3 级,推销员仍为1级。
月薪计算办法是: 经理拿固定月薪 8000 元;技术人员按每小时 100 元领取月薪; 推销员的月薪按该推销员当月销售额的 4%提成;销售经理既拿固定月薪也领取销售提成,固定月薪为5000 元,销售提成为所管辖部门当月销售总额的5%。
2.jpg
//-------------------------------Employee.h------------------------------------------
#ifndef __EMPLOYEE_H__
#define __EMPLOYEE_H__
#include
#include
class Employee
{
public:
Employee();
~Employee();
//显示员工的信息的接口
void displayStatus();//发现都一样显示，索性写在Employee文件里
//得到员工的薪水的方法
virtual void getPay() = 0;
//员工的升级方法
virtual void upLevel(int addLevel) = 0;
//提供一个显示的初始化接口！
virtual void init() = 0;
//这里是为了解决多继承自动调用父类构造函数的缺陷！
//同时我们也不应该把业务写在构造函数里面，构造函数最好只用于初始化一些值,或者什么都别写！
protected:
string name; //员工的姓名
int id; //员工的编号
double salary;//员工的薪水
int level; //员工的等级
static int startnum;//静态的编号计数
};
#endif
//-------------------------------Employee.cpp------------------------------------------
int Employee::startnum = 1000;
//所有继承于抽象类的子类在构造的时候，都会调用父类的构造函数
Employee::Employee()
{
level = 1;
salary = 0;
id = startnum++;
}
Employee::~Employee()
{
}
void Employee::displayStatus()
{
cout<<"姓名："<name<level<id<salary<>this->name;
perHourMoney = 100;//技术人员每小时赚100
}
void Technican::getPay()
{
cout<<"请输入员工一个月工作了多少小时"<>workHour;
//计算工资
this->salary = perHourMoney * workHour;
}
void Technican::upLevel(int addLevel)
{
this->level += addLevel;
}
//-------------------------------manager.h-----------------------------------------
#ifndef __MANAGER_H__
#define __MANAGER_H__
#include "Employee.h"
class Manager:virtual public Employee//因SalesManager修改成virtual
{
public:
Manager();
~Manager();
//得到员工的薪水的方法
virtual void getPay();
//员工的升级方法
virtual void upLevel(int addLevel);
virtual void init();
protected://因SalesManager修改成protected
double fixSalary;//固定薪水
};
#endif
//-------------------------------manager.cpp------------------------------------------
#include "Manager.h"
Manager::Manager()
{
}
Manager::~Manager()
{
}
void Manager::init()
{
cout<<"请输入经理的姓名:"<>name;
//经理的固定薪水是8000
fixSalary = 8000;
}
//得到员工的薪水的方法
void Manager::getPay()
{
//计算经理的薪资方法
this->salary = fixSalary;
}
//员工的升级方法
void Manager::upLevel(int addLevel)
{
this->level += addLevel;
}
//-------------------------------SaleMan.h------------------------------------------
#ifndef __SALEMAN_H__
#define __SALEMAN_H__
#include "Employee.h"
class SaleMan:virtual public Employee//因SalesManager修改成virtual
{
public:
SaleMan();
~SaleMan();
virtual void getPay();
virtual void upLevel(int addLevel);
virtual void init();
protected://因SalesManager修改成protected
//当月的销售总额
int saleAmount;
//提成比率
double saleRate;
}
#endif
//-------------------------------SaleMan.cpp------------------------------------------
SaleMan::SaleMan
{
}
SaleMan::~SaleMan
{
}
void SaleMan::init()
{
cout<<"请输入销售人员的姓名:"<>name;
this->saleRate = 0.04;//按4%提成
}
void SaleMan::getPay()
{
cout<<"请输入该员工本月的销售额:"<>saleAmount;
//计算薪水
this->salary = this->saleAmount * this->saleRate;
}
void SaleMan::upLevel(int addLevel)
{
this->level += addLevel;
}
//-------------------------------SalesManager.h------------------------------------------
#ifndef __SALESMANAGER_H__
#define __SALESMANAGER_H__
#include "Manager.h"
#include "SaleMan.h"
class SalesManager: public Manager, public SaleMan//菱形继承不是在这里加virtual，而是在多继承的父类那里！
{
public:
SalesManager();
~SalesManager();
virtual void getPay();
virtual void upLevel(int addLevel);
virtual void init();
}
#endif
//-------------------------------SalesManager.cpp------------------------------------------
SalesManager::SalesManager()
{
//1.这里调用了SaleMan和Manager的构造方法！系统崩了，怎么解决？
}
SalesManager::~SalesManager()
{
}
void SalesManager::init()
{
cout<<"请输入销售经理姓名:"<>name;
fixSalary = 5000;
saleRate = 0.05;
}
void SalesManager::getPay()
{
cout<<"请输入销售经理当月的销售额:"<>this->saleAmount;
//计算薪水
this->salary = this->fixSalary + this->saleAmount * this->saleRate;
}
void SalesManager::upLevel(int addLevel)
{
this->level += addLevel;
}
//-------------------------------main.cpp------------------------------------------
#include
#include "Employee.h"
#include "Technican.h"
#include "Manager.h"
#include "SaleMan.h"
#include "SalesManager.h"
using namesapce std;
int main(int argc, char const *argv[])
{
#if 0
Employee *techp = new Technican;
techp->init();
techp->upLevel(1);
techp->getPay();
techp->displayStatus();
delete techp;
techp = new Manager;
techp->init();
techp->upLevel(1);
techp->getPay();
techp->displayStatus();
delete techp;
techp = new SaleMan;
techp->init();
techp->upLevel(1);
techp->getPay();
techp->displayStatus();
delete techp;
techp = new SalesManager;
techp->init();
techp->upLevel(1);
techp->getPay();
techp->displayStatus();
delete techp;//2.多继承这里的delete报错了！怎么解决
//Employee的析构方法没有加virtual，导致只析构了Employee
#endif
Employee *person_array[] = {new Technican,new Manager,new SaleMan, new SalesManager};
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(person_array)/sizeof(person_array[0]); ++i)
{//为什么sizeof(person_array)/sizeof(person_array[0])==4？
//因为person_array[]存储的是指针变量！！！！！！所以可以整除，和类的空间大小无关！
person_array[i]->init();
person_array[i]->upLevel(1);
person_array[i]->getPay();
person_array[i]->displayStatus();
}
for (int i = 0; i < sizeof(person_array)/sizeof(person_array[0]); ++i)
{
delete person_array[i];
}
return 0;
}