英语语法 - 祈使句 | 虚拟语气
目录
[ 祈使句 ]
1. [ 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + (状语) | 不及物动词原形 + (状语) | be + 表语 + (状语) ]
2. [ Don't + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 | don't + 不及物动词原形 ]
3. [ don't be + 表语 ]
4. 特殊 + you
[ 虚拟语气 ]
1. [ 条件状语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
现在时态虚拟语气
将来时态虚拟语气
过去时态虚拟语气，表示惋惜
虚拟语气时态
虚拟条件状语从句省略 IF
介词代替虚拟语气条件状语从句
省略条件状语从句或者主句
2. [ 宾语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
现在时 我希望现在xxx就好了
过去时 我昨天xxx就好了
将来时 少见 要求主句主语和从句主语不同 不能实现
3. [ 状语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
even if / even though
as if / as though
参考：
[ 祈使句 ]
1. [ 及物动词原形 + 宾语 + (状语) | 不及物动词原形 + (状语) | be + 表语 + (状语) ]
Let's go shopping. 我们去购物吧
Hurry up!
Put down your weapon
Be quiet!
Shut up!
Get away!
Open your mouth and say "ah"
kill him!
2. [ Don't + 及物动词原形 + 宾语 | don't + 不及物动词原形 ]
Don't touch the machine!
Don't tell her.
Don't go!
Please，don't die!
Don't come close!
Don't kill me，please!
3. [ don't be + 表语 ]
Don't be afraid!
Don't be shy!
Don't be late again!
4. 特殊 + you
You get out of my room!
You go first，and I will catch you up.
[ 虚拟语气 ]
用来表示动作状态不是事实，不可能发生，是主观愿望
1. [ 条件状语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
If it were Sunday tomorrow，I would go to the park with my girlfriend.
如果明天是星期天，我就会和我女朋友去公园
| 假设的情况 | if 从句中的谓语动词形式 | 复合句主语的谓语动词形式 |
| 与现在的事实相反 | 谓语动词过去式 were + 表语 didn't + 动词原形 / were not |
would should (not) + 动词原形 could (not) + be + 表语 might |
| 与过去的事实相反 | had + 过去分词 had not + 过去分词 hadn't + 过去分词 had been + 表语 had not been + 表语 |
would should (not) + have + 过去分词 could (not) + have been + 表语 might |
| 与将来的事实相反 | 谓语动词过去式 | should + 动词原形 were + 表语 didn't + 动词原形 / were not |
would should (not) + 动词原形 could (not) + be + 表语 might |
现在时态虚拟语气
If I had one million yuan now，I wouldn't teach you English.
如果我现在有一百万，我就不会教你英语了。
If I had a girlfriend now，I would not have a blind date.
如果我现在有女朋友，我就不会相亲了。
If she saw Nick now，she would ask him for a book.
If I didn't know you，I wouldn't pay money.
被动：
If my friend were(was) here，the problem would be solved.
如果我的朋友在这里，问题就会解决。
If you were found by her now，you would be killed.
将来时态虚拟语气
If it were Saturday tomorrow，I would go home.
如果明天是星期六，我就会回家。
过去时态虚拟语气，表示惋惜
If you had met Nick three years ago，you would have passed the exam.
如果你三年前见过尼克，你就会通过考试的。
If I had met you in the street last night，I would have bought you a dinner.
If I had not gone to college，I would have gotten married at that time.
If I had joined his company five years ago，I would have been famous.
If they hadn't taken the plane last year，they wouldn't have been dead.
If you had been my student three years ago，you would have mastered English.
被动：
If my leader hadn't gone to the hotel last night，he wouldn't have been brought to a dark room.
If the hero had not been killed in the war 70 years ago，he would have been chosen as a leader.
如果这位英雄没有在70年前的战争中被杀，他会被选为领导人。
虚拟语气时态
从句过去，主句现在
If you had listened to me last week，you would passed your exam now.
If you had read more English novels，you could increase your vocabulary now.
If you had met me ten years ago，you would be my secretary.
如果你十年前见过我，你会是我的秘书。
虚拟条件状语从句省略 IF
虚拟条件状语从句中有 were，had，should 可以把 if 省略
将were，had，should放到主语前面构成倒装，不可用缩略形式"Weren't"
If I were you，I wouldn't do it.
Were I you，I wouldn't do it.
如果我是你，我不会这么做。
Should it rain tomorrow，the crops would be saved.
介词代替虚拟语气条件状语从句
假设的条件不真实的情况下，可以使用介词短语表达
Without your help，I couldn't have finished my work. 如果没有你的帮助...
Without a bottle of water，he would have been dead in desert. 如果没有水...
In old days，she would have been someone's wife. 要是在过去...
省略条件状语从句或者主句
省略从句 表达遗憾
You shouldn't have eaten too much. 你本来不应该吃这么多的(你已经吃了很多了)
You could have washed your clothes yourself. 你本来可以自己洗衣服的
I shouldn't have made her angry. 我本来不应让她生气
省略主句 表达愿望(不可能实现)
If my grandfather were with me now! 如果现在我的爷爷和我在一起多好啊
If only I had not broken up with my girlfriend! 要是我没有跟我女朋友分手就好了
If only my father were a rich man. 要是我爸爸是有钱人就好了
2. [ 宾语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
现在时 我希望现在xxx就好了
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 主语 + 动词过去式 | were + 宾语 | 表语 + 现在时间状语 ]
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 主语 + were + 动词现在分词 + 宾语 + 现在时间状语 ]
I wish I had ten thousand yuan right now. 我希望我现在有1w
I wish it were spring now. 我希望现在是春天
She wishes her boyfriend were still living with him. 她希望她男朋友还在跟她一起住
I really wish I didn't know you. 我真希望我不认识你
过去时 我昨天xxx就好了
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 主语 + had(not) + 动词过去分词 + 宾语 + 过去时间状语 ]
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 主语 + had(not) +been + 表语 + 过去时间状语 ]
I wish I hadn't borrowed so much money from the bank.
She wishes she hadn't told the bad news to her father.
I wish I had been with her last night.
将来时 少见 要求主句主语和从句主语不同 不能实现
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 另一主语 + would + 动词原形 + 宾语 + 将来时间状语 ]
[ 主语 + wish | wishes + (that) + 另一主语 + would + be + 表语 + 将来时间状语 ]
I wish it would stop raning. 但愿雨能停
I wish she would come eraly. 但愿她能来早点
He wishes the girl would be his wife in the future. 他希望这个女孩子以后做他妻子
3. [ 状语从句 - 虚拟语气 ]
even if / even though
[ Even if + 主语 + 过去式 + 状语 + (that) + 主语 + would(not) + 原形 ]
[ Even if + 主语 + had + 过去式 + 状语 + (that) + 主语 + would(not) + have + 过去分词 ]
Even if our boss were here，I would say the same thing. 即使老板在这里我也要这么说
Even though he had met you yesterday，he wouldn't have told you the trurh.
即使他昨天遇到你，他也不会告诉你真相
as if / as though
[ 主句 + as if / as though + 主语 + 过去式 + 状语 ]
[ 主句 + as if / as though + 主语 + had + 过去式 + 状语 ]
She treats me as if I were a stranger. 她那样对待我，好像我们是陌生人(认识)
He talked about America as if he had readly been to America.
他说起美国，就好像他已经到过美国似的(没去过)
参考：
English - 随笔分类(第3页) - askDing - 博客园 (cnblogs.com)