此文旨在记录与传播在 Docker 上搭建 PostGIS 数据库实现空间数据存储及可视化的知识要点。
已经有PostGIS经验的大佬可以忽略此段了。解释 PostGIS 之前需要介绍 PostgreSQL (简称 postgres ); postgres 是一个数据库服务器软件,由加州大学伯克利分校计算机系开发;部署在服务器上可以由不同数量的客户端连接,进而操作postgres 数据库中的数据。PostGIS 是在 postgres 之上的一款扩展软件,他主要用来存储及操作空间数据(矢量和栅格),还可以对进行空间分析。
对于一位不熟悉命令行的用户来说可能Docker 是一头野兽;有点吓人吧。 因为他的大部分操作都是基于命令行的;但是它为您提供了一种构建和运行软件的方式,通过构建一种名为LXC容器的技术,以非常一致和可控的方式运行软件。
对于GISer来说,Docker 和 PostGIS 又意味着什么呢? 如果有 Docker 和 PostGIS 技术,GISer或者其他人都能以最小的配置在任何机器上安装软件,而且环境都是一致的,这在开发和运维中至关重要。当然 Docker 这项技术并不限于和 PostGIS 结合。
Docker 是夸平台的可以安装在任何机器上。前面已经有关于 Docker 安装及使用的文章,可以去参考,在这就不去一一解释了,直接给出通过 Vagrant 安装的简略步骤。
序号 | 名称 | 版本 | 用途 |
---|---|---|---|
1 | centos | 7 | 系统 |
2 | kartoza/postgis | 9.6-2.4 | docker镜像 |
3 | Virtual Box | latest | 虚拟机 |
注: 因为我们安装好的 PostGIS 要和我们本机的软件进行通信,所以需要使用 host-only 网络, 且指定IP为192.168.33.10。
注:假定已安装Virtual Box 及 Vagrant.
# -*- mode: ruby -*-
# vi: set ft=ruby :
# All Vagrant configuration is done below. The "2" in Vagrant.configure
# configures the configuration version (we support older styles for
# backwards compatibility). Please don't change it unless you know what
# you're doing.
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
# The most common configuration options are documented and commented below.
# For a complete reference, please see the online documentation at
# https://docs.vagrantup.com.
# Every Vagrant development environment requires a box. You can search for
# boxes at https://vagrantcloud.com/search.
config.vm.box = "centos/7"
# Disable automatic box update checking. If you disable this, then
# boxes will only be checked for updates when the user runs
# `vagrant box outdated`. This is not recommended.
# config.vm.box_check_update = false
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine. In the example below,
# accessing "localhost:8080" will access port 80 on the guest machine.
# NOTE: This will enable public access to the opened port
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080
# Create a forwarded port mapping which allows access to a specific port
# within the machine from a port on the host machine and only allow access
# via 127.0.0.1 to disable public access
# config.vm.network "forwarded_port", guest: 80, host: 8080, host_ip: "127.0.0.1"
# Create a private network, which allows host-only access to the machine
# using a specific IP.
config.vm.network "private_network", ip: "192.168.33.10"
# config.vm.network "public_network", ip: "192.168.141.204"
# Create a public network, which generally matched to bridged network.
# Bridged networks make the machine appear as another physical device on
# your network.
# config.vm.network "public_network"
# Share an additional folder to the guest VM. The first argument is
# the path on the host to the actual folder. The second argument is
# the path on the guest to mount the folder. And the optional third
# argument is a set of non-required options.
# config.vm.synced_folder "../data", "/vagrant_data"
# Provider-specific configuration so you can fine-tune various
# backing providers for Vagrant. These expose provider-specific options.
# Example for VirtualBox:
#
# config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
# # Display the VirtualBox GUI when booting the machine
# vb.gui = true
#
# # Customize the amount of memory on the VM:
# vb.memory = "1024"
# end
#
# View the documentation for the provider you are using for more
# information on available options.
# Enable provisioning with a shell script. Additional provisioners such as
# Puppet, Chef, Ansible, Salt, and Docker are also available. Please see the
# documentation for more information about their specific syntax and use.
# config.vm.provision "shell", inline: <<-SHELL
# apt-get update
# apt-get install -y apache2
# SHELL
end
$ vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
......
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /cygdrive/c/VM/Vagrant/ => /vagrant
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.
$ vagrant status
Current machine states:
default running (virtualbox)
The VM is running. To stop this VM, you can run `vagrant halt` to
shut it down forcefully, or you can run `vagrant suspend` to simply
suspend the virtual machine. In either case, to restart it again,
simply run `vagrant up`.
$ vagrant ssh
Last login: Wed May 9 07:01:18 2018 from 10.0.2.2
[vagrant@localhost ~]$
在刚才连接的虚拟机中执行如下命令
$ sudo yum remove docker \
docker-client \
docker-client-latest \
docker-common \
docker-latest \
docker-latest-logrotate \
docker-logrotate \
docker-selinux \
docker-engine-selinux \
docker-engine
$ sudo yum install -y yum-utils \
device-mapper-persistent-data \
lvm2
$ sudo yum-config-manager \
--add-repo \
https://download.docker.com/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
$ sudo yum install docker-ce
# 安装完成后启动 Docker
$ sudo systemctl start docker
$ sudo groupadd docker
$ sudo gpasswd -a vagrant docker
$ exit
$ vagrant ssh
$ docker version
Client:
Version: 18.03.1-ce
API version: 1.37
Go version: go1.9.5
Git commit: 9ee9f40
Built: Thu Apr 26 07:20:16 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
Orchestrator: swarm
Server:
Engine:
Version: 18.03.1-ce
API version: 1.37 (minimum version 1.12)
Go version: go1.9.5
Git commit: 9ee9f40
Built: Thu Apr 26 07:23:58 2018
OS/Arch: linux/amd64
Experimental: false
$ mdkir postgre_data && cd postgre_data
$ pwd
/home/vagrant/postgre_data
$ docker run --name=postgis -d -e POSTGRES_USER=sde -e POSTGRES_PASS=sde -e POSTGRES_DBNAME=gis -e ALLOW_IP_RANGE=0.0.0.0/0 -p 5432:5432 -v $(pwd):/var/lib/postgresql --restart=always kartoza/postgis:9.6-2.4
d6f14f3e815fbca4d644582c45aca90dff2b16aba58f0b5765409a140930a3bb
$ docker ps
CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
d6f14f3e815f kartoza/postgis:9.6-2.4 "/bin/sh -c /docker-…" 51 seconds ago Up 50 seconds 0.0.0.0:5432->5432/tcp postgis
$ docker logs postgis
Add rule to pg_hba: 0.0.0.0/0
Add rule to pg_hba: replication user
Setup master database
# ......略
Success. You can now start the database server using:
/usr/lib/postgresql/9.6/bin/pg_ctl -D /var/lib/postgresql/9.6/main -l logfile start
WARNING: enabling "trust" authentication for local connections
You can change this by editing pg_hba.conf or using the option -A, or
--auth-local and --auth-host, the next time you run initdb.
2018-05-10 07:08:38.015 UTC [51] LOG: database system was shut down at 2018-05-10 07:08:37 UTC
2018-05-10 07:08:38.015 UTC [52] postgres@postgres FATAL: the database system is starting up
psql: FATAL: the database system is starting up
2018-05-10 07:08:38.023 UTC [51] LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
2018-05-10 07:08:38.026 UTC [39] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
2018-05-10 07:08:38.026 UTC [57] LOG: autovacuum launcher started
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
-----------+----------+-----------+---------+-------+-----------------------
postgres | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
template0 | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
(3 rows)
postgres ready
# .....略
Setup postgres User:Password
CREATE ROLE
Check default db exists
Create default db gis
List of databases
Name | Owner | Encoding | Collate | Ctype | Access privileges
------------------+----------+-----------+---------+-------+-----------------------
gis | sde | UTF8 | C | C |
postgres | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C |
template0 | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template1 | postgres | SQL_ASCII | C | C | =c/postgres +
| | | | | postgres=CTc/postgres
template_postgis | postgres | UTF8 | C | C |
(5 rows)
2018-05-10 07:08:41.291 UTC [39] LOG: received smart shutdown request
2018-05-10 07:08:41.291 UTC [57] LOG: autovacuum launcher shutting down
2018-05-10 07:08:41.293 UTC [54] LOG: shutting down
2018-05-10 07:08:41.300 UTC [39] LOG: database system is shut down
/docker-entrypoint.sh: ignoring /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/*
Postgres initialisation process completed .... restarting in foreground
2018-05-10 07:08:41.328 UTC [231] LOG: database system was shut down at 2018-05-10 07:08:41 UTC
2018-05-10 07:08:41.329 UTC [231] LOG: MultiXact member wraparound protections are now enabled
2018-05-10 07:08:41.330 UTC [228] LOG: database system is ready to accept connections
2018-05-10 07:08:41.331 UTC [235] LOG: autovacuum launcher started
连接信息
名称 | 值 |
---|---|
名称 | docker_postgis |
ip | 192.168.33.10 |
端口 | 5432 |
维护数据库 | gis |
用户名 | sde |
密码 | sde |
使用主机上的PostGIS Shapefile Import/Export Manager 连接 Docker 中的 PostgreSql数据库
连接信息
名称 | 值 |
---|---|
用户名 | sde |
密码 | sde |
ip | 192.168.33.10 |
端口 | 5432 |
数据库 | gis |
添加文件后点击导入(import)
在数据库中查看导入的 shape 数据
连接信息
名称 | 值 |
---|---|
数据库平台 | PostgreSQL |
实例 | 192.168.33.10 |
认证类 | 数据库认证 |
用户名 | sde |
密码 | sde |
数据库 | gis |
注: 通过PostGIS Shapefile Import/Export Manager 导入的数据加载到ArcGIS Pro 中没有空间参考,故添加到地图中没有意义,但可以在 Catalog 中看到。
在导入之前需要在连接的数据库中创建与用户名一致的模式,在这我们是sde。
整个过程通过使用 Vagrant 创建Centos系统,在创建的系统之上安装 Docker, 然后在Docker的基础上安装整合好的 PostGIS 镜像,并运行容器,接着使用 QGIS 和 ArcGIS Pro 连接PostGIS容器导入各种格式的数据、查看数据等。说了这么多,那这样做究竟有什么好处呢? 个人认为有以下几方面的好处。