接口测试教程 - PostMan（十）内置变量

内置变量dynamic variables是由 Postman 提供的大量预设变量，用来生成一些随机值，方便测试过程中通过一些重复性校验。

在构造请求的时候，输入{，就会出现这些预设变量的待选项：

Postman 提供了非常多类型的随机生成的内容，可以在测试的时候省去很多构造数据的过程。

不过有点遗憾的是，里面生成的内容都是英文的。

由于这些变量如此众多，不用看完，需要的时候再来查阅即可。最重要的内容是随机生成唯一性的字符串变量。

随机唯一性字符串

这些是唯一性很强的字符串，对于一些有唯一限制的内容可以使用这些值来填充。

Variable Name	Description	Examples
$guid	uuid-v4 风格的 guid，随机性非常强	"611c2e81-2ccb-42d8-9ddc-2d0bfa65c1b4"
		"3a721b7f-7dc9-4c45-9777-516942b98e0d"
		"22eca807-006b-47df-9511-e92e37f5071a"
$timestamp	时间戳	1562757107 , 1562757108 , 1562757109
$randomUUID	随机 36 位的 UUID	"6929bb52-3ab2-448a-9796-d6480ecad36b"
		"53151b27-034f-45a0-9f0a-d7b6075b67d0"

随机文字、字符串、颜色（码）

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomAlphaNumeric	1位随机字符或数字	`6` , `"y"` , `"z"`
$randomBoolean	随机布尔值 (true/false)	`true` , `false` , `false` , `true`
$randomInt	1~1000 之间的随机整数	`802` , `494` , `200`
$randomColor	随机颜色单词	`"red"` , `"fuchsia"` , `"grey"`
$randomHexColor	随机颜色码	`"#47594a"` , `"#431e48"` , `"#106f21"`
$randomAbbreviation	随机缩写	`SQL` , `PCI` , `JSON`

随机网络标识和 IP 地址

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomIP	随机的 IPv4 地址	`241.102.234.100` , `216.7.27.38`
$randomIPV6	随机 IPv6 地址	`dbe2:7ae6:119b:c161:1560:6dda:3a9b:90a9`
		`c482:23a4:ce4c:a668:7736:6cc5:b0b6:cc37`
		`c791:18d1:fbba:87d8:d929:22aa:5a0a:ac3d`
$randomMACAddress	随机 MAC（物理）地址	`33:d4:68:5f:b4:c7` , `1f:6e:db:3d:ed:fa`
$randomPassword	由字母和数字组成的 15 位随机密码	`t9iXe7COoDKv8k3` , `QAzNFQtvR9cg2rq`
$randomLocale	随机两位字母组成的语言代码 (ISO 639-1)	`"ny"` , `"sr"` , `"si"`
$randomUserAgent	随机用户代理	`Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; Intel Mac OS X 10.9.8; rv:15.6) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/15.6.6`
		`Opera/10.27 (Windows NT 5.3; U; AB Presto/2.9.177 Version/10.00)`
		`Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.2; rv:13.5) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/13.5.6`
$randomProtocol	随机协议类型	`"http"` , `"https"`
$randomSemver	由数字组成的随机版本号	`7.0.5` , `2.5.8` , `6.4.9`

随机姓名（英文）

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomFirstName	随机的名字（英文）	`Ethan` , `Chandler` , `Megane`
$randomLastName	随机姓氏（英文）	`Schaden` , `Schneider` , `Willms`
$randomFullName	随机全名（名字姓氏）	`Connie Runolfsdottir` , `Sylvan Fay` , `Jonathon Kunze`
$randomNamePrefix	随机称呼	`Dr.` , `Ms.` , `Mr.`
$randomNameSuffix	随机姓名后缀	`I` , `MD` , `DDS`

职业

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomJobArea	随机工作范围	`Mobility` , `Intranet` , `Configuration`
$randomJobDescriptor	随机职业等级	`Forward` , `Corporate` , `Senior`
$randomJobTitle	随机工作标题	`International Creative Liaison` ,
		`Product Factors Officer` ,
		`Future Interactions Executive`
$randomJobType	随机工作类型	`Supervisor` , `Manager` , `Coordinator`

随机电话号码、区域、地址

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomPhoneNumber	随机 10 位数字电话号码	`700-008-5275` , `494-261-3424` , `662-302-7817`
$randomPhoneNumberExt	随机扩展号码（包含区号）	`27-199-983-3864` , `99-841-448-2775`
$randomCity	随机城市名称	`Spinkahaven` , `Korbinburgh` , `Lefflerport`
$randomStreetName	随机街道名称	`Kuhic Island` , `General Street` , `Kendrick Springs`
$randomStreetAddress	随机街道地址	`5742 Harvey Streets` , `47906 Wilmer Orchard`
$randomCountry	随机国家名称	`Lao People's Democratic Republic` , `Kazakhstan` , `Austria`
$randomCountryCode	随机两位字符的国家编码 (ISO 3166-1 alpha-2)	`CV` , `MD` , `TD`
$randomLatitude	随机纬度	`55.2099` , `27.3644` , `-84.7514`
$randomLongitude	随机精度	`40.6609` , `171.7139` , `-159.9757`

随机图片

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomImage	随机图片地址	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/technics`
		`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/food`
		`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/business`
$randomAvatarImage	随机头像图片	`https://s3.amazonaws.com/uifaces/faces/twitter/johnsmithagency/128.jpg`
		`https://s3.amazonaws.com/uifaces/faces/twitter/xadhix/128.jpg`
		`https://s3.amazonaws.com/uifaces/faces/twitter/martip07/128.jpg`
$randomImageUrl	随机图片地址	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480`
$randomAbstractImage	随机头像缩略图	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/abstract`
$randomAnimalsImage	随机动物图片地址	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/animals`
$randomBusinessImage	随机股票业务图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/business`
$randomCatsImage	随机猫图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/cats`
$randomCityImage	随机城市图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/city`
$randomFoodImage	随机食物图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/food`
$randomNightlifeImage	随机夜生活图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/nightlife`
$randomFashionImage	随机时尚图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/fashion`
$randomPeopleImage	随机人物图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/people`
$randomNatureImage	随机自然风景图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/nature`
$randomSportsImage	随机运动图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/sports`
$randomTechnicsImage	随机科技图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/technics`
$randomTransportImage	随机交通工具图片	`http://lorempixel.com/640/480/transport`
$randomImageDataUri	随机图片的 data 数据	`data:image/svg+xml;charset=UTF-8,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%22http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%22%20version%3D%221.1%22%20baseProfile%3D%22full%22%20width%3D%22undefined%22%20height%3D%22undefined%22%3E%20%3Crect%20width%3D%22100%25%22%20height%3D%22100%25%22%20fill%3D%22grey%22%2F%3E%20%20%3Ctext%20x%3D%220%22%20y%3D%2220%22%20font-size%3D%2220%22%20text-anchor%3D%22start%22%20fill%3D%22white%22%3Eundefinedxundefined%3C%2Ftext%3E%20%3C%2Fsvg%3E`

随机金融类数据

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomBankAccount	随机的8位数字银行帐号	`09454073` , `65653440` , `75728757`
$randomBankAccountName	随机的银行帐户名称(e.g. savings account, checking account)	`Home Loan Account` , `Checking Account` , `Auto Loan Account`
$randomCreditCardMask	随机屏蔽的信用卡号	`3622` , `5815` , `6257`
$randomBankAccountBic	随机银行识别码 (Bank Identifier Code)	`EZIAUGJ1` , `KXCUTVJ1` , `DIVIPLL1`
$randomBankAccountIban	随机 15-31位的国际银行帐号 (International Bank Account Number)	`MU20ZPUN3039684000618086155TKZ`
		`BR7580569810060080800805730W2`
		`XK241602002200395017`
$randomTransactionType	随机交易类型 (e.g. invoice, payment, deposit)	`invoice` , `payment` , `deposit`
$randomCurrencyCode	随机的 3 位字母的货币代码 (ISO-4217)	`CDF` , `ZMK` , `GNF`
$randomCurrencyName	随机货币名称	`CFP Franc` , `Cordoba Oro` , `Pound Sterling`
$randomCurrencySymbol	随机货币标志	`$` , `£`
$randomBitcoin	随机比特币地址	`3VB8JGT7Y4Z63U68KGGKDXMLLH5`
		`1GY5TL5NEX3D1EA0TCWPLGVPQF5EAF`
		`14IIEXV2AKZAHSCY2KNYP213VRLD`

随机商业数据

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomCompanyName	随机公司名称	`Johns - Kassulke` , `Grady LLC`
$randomCompanySuffix	随机公司后缀(e.g. Inc, LLC, Group)	`Inc` , `LLC` , `Group`
$randomBs	随机商业用语	`killer leverage schemas` ,
		`bricks-and-clicks deploy markets` ,
		`world-class unleash platforms`
$randomBsAdjective	随机商业形容词用语	`viral` , `24/7` , `24/365`
$randomBsBuzz	随机商业流行词	`repurpose` , `harness` , `transition`
$randomBsNoun	随机商业名词	`e-services` , `markets` , `interfaces`

随机警句（标语）

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomCatchPhrase	随机名言警句	`Future-proofed heuristic open architecture` ,
		`Quality-focused executive toolset` ,
		`Grass-roots real-time definition`
$randomCatchPhraseAdjective	随机流行语形容词	`Self-enabling` , `Business-focused` , `Down-sized`
$randomCatchPhraseDescriptor	随机流行描述符号	`bandwidth-monitored` , `needs-based` , `homogeneous`
$randomCatchPhraseNoun	随机生成给一个流行名词	`secured line` , `superstructure` , `installation`

随机数据库相关数据

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomDatabaseColumn	随机数据库列名	`updatedAt` , `token` , `group`
$randomDatabaseType	随机数据库类型	`tinyint` , `text`
$randomDatabaseCollation	随机数据库排序规则	`cp1250_bin` , `utf8_general_ci` , `cp1250_general_ci`
$randomDatabaseEngine	随机数据库引擎	`MyISAM` , `InnoDB` , `Memory`

随机日期

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomDateFuture	随机未来时间	`Tue Mar 17 2020 13:11:50 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Fri Sep 20 2019 23:51:18 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Thu Nov 07 2019 19:20:06 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)`
$randomDatePast	随机过去时间	`Sat Mar 02 2019 09:09:26 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Sat Feb 02 2019 00:12:17 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Thu Jun 13 2019 03:08:43 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)`
$randomDateRecent	随机近期时间	`Tue Jul 09 2019 23:12:37 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Wed Jul 10 2019 15:27:11 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)` ,
		`Wed Jul 10 2019 01:28:31 GMT+0530 (India Standard Time)`
$randomWeekday	随机星期几	`Thursday` , `Friday` , `Monday`
$randomMonth	随机月份	`February` , `May` , `January`

随机域名、电子邮件和用户名

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomDomainName	随机完整域名	`gracie.biz` , `armando.biz` , `trevor.info`
$randomDomainSuffix	随机顶级域名	`org` , `net` , `com`
$randomDomainWord	随机不合法域名	`gwen` , `jaden` , `donnell`
$randomEmail	随机电子邮箱地址	`[email protected]` , `[email protected]` , `[email protected]`
$randomExampleEmail	随机电子邮箱地址，域名为`example`	`[email protected]` , `[email protected]` , `[email protected]`
$randomUserName	随机用户名	`Jarrell.Gutkowski` , `Lottie.Smitham24` , `Alia99`
$randomUrl	随机 URL 地址	`https://anais.net` , `https://tristin.net` , `http://jakob.name`

随机文件名和目录

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomFileName	随机文件名 (包括不常用的扩展名)	`neural_sri_lanka_rupee_gloves.gdoc` ,
		`plastic_awesome_garden.tif` ,
		`incredible_ivory_agent.lzh`
$randomFileType	随机文件类型 (包括不常用的文件类型)	`model` , `application` , `video`
$randomFileExt	随机文件扩展名 (包括不常见的文件扩展名)	`war` , `book` , `fsc`
$randomCommonFileName	随机文件名	`well_modulated.mpg4` ,
		`rustic_plastic_tuna.gif` ,
		`checking_account_end_to_end_robust.wav`
$randomCommonFileType	随机常见文件类型	`application` , `audio`
$randomCommonFileExt	随机常见文件扩展名	`m2v` , `wav` , `png`
$randomFilePath	随机文件路径	`/home/programming_chicken.cpio` ,
		`/usr/obj/fresh_bandwidth_monitored_beauty.onetoc` ,
		`/dev/css_rustic.pm`
$randomDirectoryPath	随机目录路径	`/usr/bin` , `/root` , `/usr/local/bin`
$randomMimeType	随机 MIME 类型（header 中的 content-type 会用到）	`audio/vnd.vmx.cvsd` ,
		`application/vnd.groove-identity-message` ,
		`application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.graphics-template`

随机物料（库存、商品等）

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomPrice	随机生成 100.00 ~ 999.00 之间的价格	`531.55` , `488.76` , `511.56`
$randomProduct	随机商品	`Towels` , `Pizza` , `Pants`
$randomProductAdjective	随机商品形容词	`Unbranded` , `Incredible` , `Tasty`
$randomProductMaterial	随机商品材料	`Steel` , `Plastic` , `Frozen`
$randomProductName	随机商品名称	`Handmade Concrete Tuna` , `Refined Rubber Hat`
$randomDepartment	随机商业分类	`Tools` , `Movies` , `Electronics`

基于英语语法的随机数据

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomNoun	随机名词	`matrix` , `bus` , `bandwidth`
$randomVerb	随机动词	`parse` , `quantify` , `navigate`
$randomIngverb	随机带 "-ing" 的动词	`synthesizing` , `navigating` , `backing up`
$randomAdjective	随机形容词	`auxiliary` , `multi-byte` , `back-end`
$randomWord	随机单词	`withdrawal` , `infrastructures` , `IB`
$randomWords	一些随机单词构成的字符串	`Samoa Synergistic sticky copying Grocery` ,
		`Corporate Springs` ,
		`Christmas Island Ghana Quality`
$randomPhrase	随机短语	`You can't program the monitor without navigating the mobile XML program!` ,
		`overriding the capacitor won't do anything, we need to compress the optical SMS transmitter!` ,
		`I'll generate the virtual AI program, that should microchip the RAM monitor!`

随机的文本内容

Variable Name	Decription	Examples
$randomLoremWord	随机单词	`est`
$randomLoremWords	随机单词构成的短语	`vel repellat nobis`
$randomLoremSentence	随机单词构成的句子	`Molestias consequuntur nisi non quod.`
$randomLoremSentences	随机 2~6 条句子构成的段落	`Et sint voluptas similique iure amet perspiciatis vero sequi atque. Ut porro sit et hic. Neque aspernatur vitae fugiat ut dolore et veritatis. Ab iusto ex delectus animi. Voluptates nisi iusto. Impedit quod quae voluptate qui.`
$randomLoremParagraph	随机单词构成的一段话	`Ab aliquid odio iste quo voluptas voluptatem dignissimos velit. Recusandae facilis qui commodi ea magnam enim nostrum quia quis. Nihil est suscipit assumenda ut voluptatem sed. Esse ab voluptas odit qui molestiae. Rem est nesciunt est quis ipsam expedita consequuntur.`
$randomLoremParagraphs	随机单词构成的 3 个段落	`Voluptatem rem magnam aliquam ab id aut quaerat. Placeat provident possimus voluptatibus dicta velit non aut quasi. Mollitia et aliquam expedita sunt dolores nam consequuntur. Nam dolorum delectus ipsam repudiandae et ipsam ut voluptatum totam. Nobis labore labore recusandae ipsam quo.`
		`Voluptatem occaecati omnis debitis eum libero. Veniam et cum unde. Nisi facere repudiandae error aperiam expedita optio quae consequatur qui. Vel ut sit aliquid omnis. Est placeat ducimus. Libero voluptatem eius occaecati ad sint voluptatibus laborum provident iure.`
		`Autem est sequi ut tenetur omnis enim. Fuga nisi dolor expedita. Ea dolore ut et a nostrum quae ut reprehenderit iste. Numquam optio magnam omnis architecto non. Est cumque laboriosam quibusdam eos voluptatibus velit omnis. Voluptatem officiis nulla omnis ratione excepturi.`
$randomLoremText	随机单词构成的文本	`Quisquam asperiores exercitationem ut ipsum. Aut eius nesciunt. Et reiciendis aut alias eaque. Nihil amet laboriosam pariatur eligendi. Sunt ullam ut sint natus ducimus. Voluptas harum aspernatur soluta rem nam.`
$randomLoremSlug	随机单词构成的 URL 部分	`eos-aperiam-accusamus` , `beatae-id-molestiae` , `qui-est-repellat`
$randomLoremLines	由随机单词构成的 1~5 行数据（用回车符分隔）	`Ducimus in ut mollitia.\nA itaque non.\nHarum temporibus nihil voluptas.\nIste in sed et`