自然拼读法(Phonics)基本规则
https://www.zhihu.com/question/22980630
自然拼读法基本规则:
1. 二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds).
五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u), 每个发两种音：长音（其字母音）和短音
y不在单词开头时，一般被看做元音
2. 单元音单词拼读（Consonant-Vowel-Consonant Combinations——辅音-元音-辅音组合)
如果一个英语单词或音节里只有一个元音，且元音不在末尾，这个元音一般发短音.
如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
Ending Consonants l One Vowel Word, Short Vowel Sounds l Beginning Consonants
3. 双元音单词拼读(Two Vowel Words):
一个单词或音节里有两个元音时，一般来说，前边一个元音发长音（其字母音），后边一个元音不发音；
如：make, mail, may, hay, say, see, sea, meet, meat, key, five, nine, tie, road, coat, toe, cute等等．
4. 双/三辅音在一起时的联读 (Consonant Blends)
Beginning consonant blends 词头辅音混合(bl, br, cl, cr, dr, fl, fr, gl, fr, pl, pr, sc, sk, sl, sm, sn, sp, st, sw, tr, tw, scr, spl, str)
Ending consonant blends 词尾辅音混合(ft, lf, lm, lp, lt, mp, nd, nk, nt, pt, sk, st)
Words ending 词尾 in ll, ss, ff
Consonant digraphs (ch, th, sh, wh)
5. 特殊读法(1)–带元音的特殊读法(irregular Vowels不规则元音)
igh——eɪ/aɪ——hight,light,weigh
ing——ɪŋ——各种分词，acting ，aching
ind——aɪnd——find，mind
ild——ɪld——build，child
ar——ɑː——star，car，art
or——
oi
oy
alt
alk
ost
old
er
ir
ur
ew
sion
tion
eigh
all
ow
ou
ay
ous
ed
ed(t)
ed (d)
aw
au
oo
oo
以上字母组合作为整体音节发音。需记住它们所发的音。
Examples:
l
ar (car, far), air (hair), are (hare), au,
augh (caught), aw (hawk)
l al, all (all, tall,mall, hall), alk (talk, walk), alt (halt, salt), ay (may, play)
ew (new, few), eigh (eight, weight),
ed:
u says
/ed/: patted, landed, lifted
u says
/t/: walked, hopped, stopped
u says
/d/: cried, played, chewed
l er (sister, brother), ir (girl,fir, firm), ur (burn, hurt)
l
ie (field), ing(king, sing,
dancing), ind (find, kind, behind), ild (mild, wild, child), igh (high, night,
light), ire
l oi (oil,boil), oy (boy, toy), old(old, cold), ost (most, host),olt,
oo (book), oo (tool,
school), or (or, for, horn),
ow (读音一：cow, now, how, bow； 读音二：bow, low, blow,
snow),
ou (shout, out, loud)
ould (could, would), ough
(五种不同的读音：cough, through, ought, slough, plough),
ought, , ous (famous,
nervous),
l
ue (cruel), ui (fluid)
l
tion (attention, fiction), sion
(passion, expression),
l ending sounds : ang, ong,ung,edge, le
6. 特殊读法(2)
l
如果一个单词或音节里只有一个元音,而且元音在末尾， 这个元音一般发长音（其字母音） (Vowel at the end)．
如：me, hi, go, baby, table, humor，hibernate 等等。
l
Y在末尾 (作为元音处理）（y at the end）：
u 单音节词, 没有其他元音，y发”I”(one syllable
word, y at the end (pronounced as “I”)): my, why, fly, sky
u 多音节词, y发”E” 的音(two or more syllables, y at the end
(pronounced as “E”)): daddy,
mommy, baby，honey, crazy
7. 特殊读法(3) - 固定读音的单词 (Sight Word):
is, are, the, a, to, here, hey, have, son, love,
come, give, field…… 等.
它们不遵守前边的发音规则，需要死记硬背。
8. 特殊读法(4) – 辅音的特殊读法
l
有一些辅音不发音 (silent consonants)．
u u
Silent b: comb, lamb
u u
Silent h: ghost
u u
Silent k: knife, knock, knob, know…
u u
Silent w: write, wrist, wreck …
l
"c" 和 "k" 在一起时， 发一个音: quick, black等.
l
"q" 总是和"u"在一起：quite, quick, quit, quilt等.
之所以指出这一点, 是在这里u不能再被认为是元音, 而是和q一起组成一个辅音组合. 于是, 在quite这个单词里只有两个元音, 是双元音单词, 第一个元音i发字母音, 第二个元音e不发音.
l
"p"和 "h"在一起, 发/f/的音: phone, photo.
l
复数s及末尾s的读音(Plural s and the sounds of ending s)
c和g 的两种读音:
u u 如果i(或y)或者 e 跟在c或者g的后边, c发/s/, g发/j/的音:center,cigar, nice, mice,gem, giant, gym, page.
u
u 其他情况下, c发/k/, g发/g/: can,
clap, cup, great, glad, got, goat, log.
u
u 特殊情况： get, give
9. 多音节单词和复合词 (Words with multiple
syllables and compound words)
l
多音节单词: believe, multiple, syllable,
compound
l 复合词: homework, highway,sidewalk,inside, outside
1.自然拼读法的第一步是掌握二十六个字母的读音 (Letter Sounds). 其中五个元音字母(a, e, i, o, u)发两种音。
2.第二步是进行单元音字母的拼读练习，如：Sam, cat, mat, 等等．
3.第三步, 是固定读音的单词 : the, a, is, to, have 等.
4.第四步，是一个单词里有两个元音时，前边一个元音发字母音， 后边一个元音不发音，如： make, made, sea, five, nine, road等等．
5.第五步, 是双/三辅音在一起时怎么联读, 如:
bl(ack), str(eet)等；有一些辅音不发音，如： ghost,comb, lamb等；要掌握一下和"h"联在一起的发音： ch, sh, th, wh。
6.第六步，是特殊读法：
单音节词，以元音结尾， 这个元音发字母音．
如： me, hi, go 等等
Irregular: ar (car), ay(hay, may,say),igh(high, night, might), ew (new), er (sister, brother), ur(burn, hurt),ir (girl, fir, firm), or (horn), eigh (eight), oi (oil, boil), oy(boy), ow等有其特别的发音．"c"
和 "k" 在一起时， 发一个音:
quick, black等.
自然拼音拼读练习表
第一天：a e i o u a_e e_e i_e o_e u_e
Aa :
mat map bag cat hat fan bat apple
Ee:egg
well red pen net hen bed bell
Ii:
lick six bib pig pin kiss ink hill
Oo:ox
on octopus box sock operate ostrich
Uu:sun
umbrella cup bus nut gun uncle under
cape
name tape lake game make take hate
these
Japanese Chinese
bite
five nine kite mine nice ride side
rose
nose rope note pose home rode those
tube
cube June cute huge
第二天:ai ay ee ea ey ie ighoa ow ui ue
ai:
tail rain paint pain jail rail nailmaid
ay:bay
ray way say hay pay May lay
ee:reeds
eel bee peel jeep feet see teeth
ea:sea
meat peanut eagle peach tea leaf pea
ey:donkey
monkey jockey turkey monkeyhockey key trolley
ie:tie
pie lie die
igh:right
sight night tight hight fighthigh sigh
oa:road
toast toad coal goat boat coat soap
ow:rainbow
pillow yellow window bowl rowhollow low
ui:suit
juice fruit
ue:Sue
blue glue true
第三天:ar er ir ur or
ar: arm
car armchair card cart farm parkgarden
er:sister
brother under rooster wintermermaid marker mother
ir:birthday
circus dirty bird circle dirtgirl
ur:turtle
surfing turkey fur hurt pursenurse
or:porch
pork horse horn fort morning cornfork
第四天:ou ow oi oy au aw
oo oo ea
ou:house
out mouth count fountain mountainshout mouse
ow:cow
towel clown owl crown brown flowertower
oi:coin
oil point noise boil soil poisoncoil
oy:oyster
boy cowboy soy toy
au:august
sause sausage naughty autumnapplause
aw:paw
draw saw straw strawberry lawn
oo:moon
zoo roof rooster boots food spoonroom cool fool boom foolish
oo:book
cook good foot look hook
ea:head
sweater sweat pear lead bearleather feather
第五天:ch sh wh ph th th kn wrmb
ch:beach
lunch cheese bench church chickenchair cherry
sh:sheep
shirt ship fish dish push shoesshovel
wh:whale
white wheel wheat whip whistlewheelchair whisper
ph:photoelephant telephone trophypharmacyalphabet
th:brother
feather leather father mother
th:thumb
three bathmat thirsty thief bathmouth teeth
kn:knob
knee knife knock knit
wr:wrist
wrinkle wrap wreath write
mb:thumb
lamb bomb comb crumb numb
第六天:bl fl pl cl gl br cr gr pr fr tr dr
bl:blue
black blouse bloom bleach blanket blondehair
fl:
flat flu fly flame flute floor flagflower
pl:plane
play plus planet platform plumplate plant
cl:clock
cloud clean clay climb close clapclown
gl:glove
globe glass glue glasses glider
br:bright
brook brim bride brown breadbrick brother
cr:crown
crab cream crow crayon crocodilecry croissant
gr:gray
green grass grapes ground growgrandma
pr:prixe
price prawn press prince princesspray
fr:frog
frost Friday French fries fruitfront friend frame
tr:tractor
truck train tray tree triangletrunk trolley
dr:dream
drum dry drop draw drive dressdrink
第七天:sm sn sl sw sp st sc sk all ew y
sm:smile
small smell smoke smooth
sn:snowman
snow snore snake snail sneakerssneakers snack
sl:slow
slap sleep slide slope sled
sw:switch
swallow swan swim sweet swingsweater sweat
sp:spider
spaceship spinach spoon spell
st:stockings
store star stamp storm stickstudent stand
sc:scarf
scooter scanner scarecrow scalescorpion scoop
sk:skunk
skis skirt skates
all:call
tall fall ball wall
ew:dew
few view hew new nephew newspaper
Yy: sky
fly dry spy type shy cry my Yy :Miny
sunny puppy dizzy dirty pony happybaby
自然拼音强化练习：Tongue twister
1.A big
black bear sat on a big black bug.
2.A big
black bug bit a big black dog onhis big black nose!
3.Cat,
Cat, catch that fat rat.
4.A fat
cat catches a mad rat.
5.Blue
glue gun, green glue gun.
6.Black
background, brown background.
7.A
noisy noise annoys an oyster.
8.A
good cook can cook good cookies.
9.At
noon I took a good book，andsat
by the pool in the wood.I soon took off my boot.And put my foot in thepool.Oh!
How cool, how cool.
10.The
hunter and his huge horse hidebehind in house.
11.
Betty better butter Brad's bread.
12.Two
tiny tigers take two taxis to town.
13.The
first is the first.The third is thethird.The third can be the first, The first
can be the third.
14.Sir,
this girl wearing a dirty skirt isnot the first, but the third.
15.A
flea and a fly flew up in a flue. Saidthe flea, "Let us fly!" Said
the fly, "Let us flee!" Sothey flew through a flaw in the flue.
16. I
wish you were a fish in my dish.
17.Jean's
three sheep are near the greenjeep.
18.There
are thirty -three thousand threehundred and thirty-three feathers on that
bird's throat.
19.Neither father
nor mother likes this weather.
20.It’s
a goat,sitting in a boat,wearing acoat and writing a note.It’s a bear,sitting on a chair,holding a pear andcombing its hair.It’s a cock,sitting on a rock,wearing a sock and looking at aclock.It’s a fly,wearing a tie,holding a pie and waving good bye.