目录
1.栈的概念
2.栈的结构
3.实现栈的基本操作
3.1栈的初始化
3.2压栈
3.3出栈
3.4 取栈顶元素
3.5 计算栈内元素个数
3.6栈的判空
3.7栈的销毁
4.源代码
4.1stack.c
4.2stack.h
4.3test.c
4.4效果
1.队列的概念
2.队列的结构
3.实现队列的基本操作
3-1结构体定义
3-2队列的初始化
3-3入队列
3-4出队列
3-5取队头元素
3-6取队尾元素
3-7队列判空
3-8队列长度
3-9队列销毁
4.源代码
4-1queue.c
4.2queue.h
4.3test.c
4.4效果图
栈,一种特殊的线性表,特殊在于只允许在固定的一端进行插入删除数据,插入和删除数据的一端是栈顶,另一端是栈底,已经在栈中的数据满足Fist In Last Out的原则。
压栈:栈顶插入数据
出栈:栈顶弹出数据
总体而言,用顺序表和链表实现都可以,但是由于栈只支持在栈顶插入删除数据,且要满足后进先出,而顺序表尾插尾删的效率比链表高,(顺序表唯一的缺点在这就是扩容有性能和空间的消耗)同时也满足后进先出的原则,所以选择顺序表实现好!
有人可能会说用链表,然后定义一个尾指针,这样尾插效率不是也很高吗?
答:定义一个尾指针,链表的插入时很方便,但是尾删呐??
其实顺序表,双向循环链表,头上操作单链表都行,但是由于顺序表命中率高的优点,还是选择顺序表。
- 选择哪一个方式初始化top都可以,但是记得做到和后面的push等做到统一。
- 建议再主函数内判空操作不直接自己if(ps->top==0)等,因为这个内部怎么实现的不一定是初始化为ps->top=0,而是建议调用函数去判空if(StackEmpty(&ST))
void StackInit(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
ps->a = NULL;
ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
void StackPush(Stack* ps, STDateType x)
{
assert(ps);
if(ps->top == ps->capacity)
{
int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity*2;
STDateType* temp = (STDateType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(STDateType)*newcapacity);
if (temp == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail.\n");
exit(-1);
}
ps->capacity = newcapacity;
ps->a = temp;
}
ps->a[ps->top] = x;
ps->top++;
}
void StackPop(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!StackEmpty(ps));
ps->top--;
}
STDateType StackTop(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!StackEmpty(ps));
return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}
int StackSize(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->top;
}
bool StackEmpty(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->top == 0;
}
void StackDestory(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
free(ps->a);
ps->a = NULL;
ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"stack.h"
void StackInit(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
ps->a = NULL;
ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
void StackPush(Stack* ps, STDateType x)
{
assert(ps);
if(ps->top == ps->capacity)
{
int newcapacity = ps->capacity == 0 ? 4 : ps->capacity*2;
STDateType* temp = (STDateType*)realloc(ps->a, sizeof(STDateType)*newcapacity);
if (temp == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail.\n");
exit(-1);
}
ps->capacity = newcapacity;
ps->a = temp;
}
ps->a[ps->top] = x;
ps->top++;
}
void StackPop(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!StackEmpty(ps));
ps->top--;
}
STDateType StackTop(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!StackEmpty(ps));
return ps->a[ps->top - 1];
}
int StackSize(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->top;
}
bool StackEmpty(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->top == 0;
}
void StackDestory(Stack* ps)
{
assert(ps);
free(ps->a);
ps->a = NULL;
ps->top = ps->capacity = 0;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include
#include
#include
#include
typedef int STDateType;
typedef struct Stack
{
STDateType* a;
int top;
int capacity;
}Stack;
void StackInit(Stack* ps);
void StackPush(Stack* ps,STDateType x);
void StackPop(Stack* ps);
STDateType StackTop(Stack* ps);
bool StackEmpty(Stack* ps);
int StackSize(Stack* ps);
void StackDestory(Stack* ps);
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"stack.h"
int main()
{
Stack ST;
StackInit(&ST);
StackPush(&ST, 1);
StackPush(&ST, 2);
StackPush(&ST, 3);
StackPush(&ST, 4);
STDateType top = StackTop(&ST);
printf("top:%d\n", top);
StackPop(&ST);
top = StackTop(&ST);
printf("top:%d\n", top);
int size = StackSize(&ST);
printf("size:%d\n", size);
StackDestory(&ST);
return 0;
}
队列是一种特殊的线性表,特殊在只能从一端进行插入操作,另一端进行删除操作,队列具有Fist In First Out的原则。
队尾:进行插入操作的一端,这个过程叫做入队列
队头:进行删除操作的一端,这个过程叫做出队列
抽号机:先来先服务,先给号码排队 (涉及嵌入式)
队列我们采用链表实现:顺序表在满了要扩容,删完了后再入队列的时候还得扩容
链表的话,入队列就是尾插,定义一个尾指针。出队列就是头删,定义一个头指针
typedef int QDateType;
typedef struct QueueNode
{
struct QueueNode* next;
QDateType val;
}QueueNode;
typedef struct Queue
{
QueueNode* head;
QueueNode* tail;
}Queue;
这里的链表队列我并没有带头,没有带头就要在入队列和出队列时有一点特殊情况的考虑
void QueueInit(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
相当于尾插,考虑特殊情况:队列为空的情况
//入队列:尾插
void QueuePush(Queue* ps,QDateType x)
{
assert(ps);
QueueNode* newnode = (QueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(QueueNode));
newnode->next = NULL;
newnode->val = x;
if (newnode == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail.");
exit(-1);
}
if (ps->tail == NULL)
{
ps->head = ps->tail = newnode;
}
else
{
ps->tail->next = newnode;
ps->tail = ps->tail->next;
}
}
相当于头删,考虑特殊情况:只有一个结点的情况,出队列后要改变ps->tail
void QueuePop(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
if (ps->head->next == NULL)
{
free(ps->head);
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
else
{
QueueNode* next = ps->head->next;
free(ps->head);
ps->head = next;
}
}
QDateType QueueFront(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
return ps->head->val;
}
QDateType QueueBack(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
return ps->tail->val;
}
bool QueueEmpty(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->tail == NULL;
}
int QueueSize(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
int size = 0;
QueueNode* cur = ps->head;
while(cur)
{
++size;
cur = cur->next;
}
return size;
}
void QueueDestory(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
QueueNode* cur = ps->head;
while (cur)
{
QueueNode* next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = next;
}
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"queue.h"
void QueueInit(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
void QueueDestory(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
QueueNode* cur = ps->head;
while (cur)
{
QueueNode* next = cur->next;
free(cur);
cur = next;
}
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
//入队列:尾插
void QueuePush(Queue* ps,QDateType x)
{
assert(ps);
QueueNode* newnode = (QueueNode*)malloc(sizeof(QueueNode));
newnode->next = NULL;
newnode->val = x;
if (newnode == NULL)
{
perror("malloc fail.");
exit(-1);
}
if (ps->tail == NULL)
{
ps->head = ps->tail = newnode;
}
else
{
ps->tail->next = newnode;
ps->tail = ps->tail->next;
}
}
void QueuePop(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
if (ps->head == ps->tail)
{
free(ps->head);
ps->head = ps->tail = NULL;
}
else
{
QueueNode* next = ps->head->next;
free(ps->head);
ps->head = next;
}
}
QDateType QueueFront(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
return ps->head->val;
}
QDateType QueueBack(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
assert(!QueueEmpty(ps));
return ps->tail->val;
}
bool QueueEmpty(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
return ps->tail == NULL;
}
int QueueSize(Queue* ps)
{
assert(ps);
int size = 0;
QueueNode* cur = ps->head;
while(cur)
{
++size;
cur = cur->next;
}
return size;
}
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include
#include
#include
#include
typedef int QDateType;
typedef struct QueueNode
{
struct QueueNode* next;
QDateType val;
}QueueNode;
typedef struct Queue
{
QueueNode* head;
QueueNode* tail;
}Queue;
void QueueInit(Queue* ps);
void QueuePush(Queue* ps, QDateType x);
void QueuePop(Queue* ps);
QDateType QueueFront(Queue* ps);
QDateType QueueBack(Queue* ps);
bool QueueEmpty(Queue* ps);
int QueueSize(Queue* ps);
void QueueDestory(Queue* ps);
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"queue.h"
int main()
{
Queue Q;
QueueInit(&Q);
QueuePush(&Q, 1);
QueuePush(&Q, 2);
QueuePush(&Q, 3);
QueuePush(&Q, 4);
QueuePush(&Q, 5);
QDateType ret1 = QueueFront(&Q);
printf("QueueFront:%d\n", ret1);
QDateType ret2 = QueueBack(&Q);
printf("QueueBack:%d\n", ret2);
int size = QueueSize(&Q);
printf("size:%d\n", size);
while (!QueueEmpty(&Q))
{
printf("%d", QueueFront(&Q));
QueuePop(&Q);
}
QueueDestory(&Q);
return 0;
}
制作不易,敬请三连