业务开发中有很多延时操作的场景,比如最常见的超时订单自动关闭
、延时异步处理
,我们常用的实现方式有:
其中用的最多的也是借助Redisson实现的数据结构延迟队列
和RabbitMQ中的死信队列来实现
,今天我们通过RabbitMQ死信队列和延迟消息交换机(新特性)来实现延时消息推送。
这种方式主要通过结合消息过期和私信交换机来实现延迟消息推送,首先先了解下哪些消息会进入死信队列:
nack
(negatively acknowleged)的消息。TTL
过期后未被消费的消息。备注:更多信息请参考RabbitMQ中的 Dead Letter Exchange。
@Configuration
protected static class DeadLetterExchangeConfig {
@Bean
public Queue deadLetterQueue(){
return QueueBuilder.durable("dead-letter-queue").build();
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange deadLetterExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("dead-letter-exchange").build();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindQueueToDeadLetterExchange(Queue deadLetterQueue, DirectExchange deadLetterExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(deadLetterQueue).to(deadLetterExchange).with("dead-letter-routing-key");
}
@Bean
public Queue normalQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("normal-queue")
.deadLetterExchange("dead-letter-exchange")
.deadLetterRoutingKey("dead-letter-routing-key")
.build();
}
}
@Slf4j
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMqProducer {
private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendMsgToDeadLetterExchange(String body, int timeoutInMillSeconds) {
log.info("开始发送消息到dead letter exchange 消息体:{}, 消息延迟:{}ms, 当前时间:{}", body, timeoutInMillSeconds, LocalDateTime.now());
MessageProperties messageProperties = MessagePropertiesBuilder.newInstance().setExpiration(String.valueOf(timeoutInMillSeconds)).build();
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("normal-queue", message);
}
}
@Slf4j
@Component
public class RabbitMqConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "dead-letter-queue")
public void handleMsgFromDeadLetterQueue(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from dead-letter-queue, message body: {}, current time:{}", msg, LocalDateTime.now());
}
}
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMsgController {
private final RabbitMqProducer rabbitMqProducer;
@RequestMapping("/exchange/dead-letter")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToDeadLetterExchange(String body, int timeout) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendMsgToDeadLetterExchange(body, timeout);
return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到死信交换机成功");
}
}
浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/dead-letter?body=hello&timeout=5000
,可以看到消息被延迟5s处理。
2023-11-26 11:50:33.041 INFO 19152 --- [nio-8080-exec-7] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到dead letter exchange 消息体:hello, 消息延迟:5000ms, 当前时间:2023-11-26T11:50:33.041
2023-11-26 11:50:38.054 INFO 19152 --- [ntContainer#4-4] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from dead-letter-queue, message body: hello, current time:2023-11-26T11:50:38.054
上面通过消息TTL和死信交换机实现延迟消息的解决方案是由一个叫James Carr
的人提出来的,后来RabbitMQ提供了一个开箱即用的解决方案,通过延时消息插件来实现。
该插件以前被当做是试验性产品,但是现在已经可以投产使用了。(PS:2015年4月16号就已经有该插件文档)
在Spring AMQP中,同样提供了对该延时消息插件的支持,并且在RabbitMQ 3.6.0版本就已经测试通过。
该延时消息插件为社区插件,因此需要自己手动下载安装的RabbMQ版本对应的插件,下载地址:RabbitMQ延时消息插件releases。
我安装的RabbitMQ版本为3.9.9
,3.9.0版本的插件对所有3.9.x
版本的RabbitMQ都支持。
下载完后把.ez
结尾的插件复制RabbitMQ的插件目录下,插件目录为/usr/lib/rabbitmq/plugins
。
通过命令rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_delayed_message_exchange
安装该插件,通过命令rabbitmq-plugins list
查看插件列表,可以看到该延时消息插件已经成功安装。
@Configuration
protected static class DelayedMsgExchangePluginConfig {
@Bean
public Queue delayedQueue() {
return QueueBuilder.durable("delayed-queue").build();
}
@Bean
public DirectExchange delayedExchange() {
return ExchangeBuilder.directExchange("delayed-exchange").delayed().build();
}
@Bean
public Binding bindDelayedQueueToDelayedChange(Queue delayedQueue, DirectExchange delayedExchange) {
return BindingBuilder.bind(delayedQueue).to(delayedExchange).with("delayed-routing-key");
}
}
备注:延时交换机的类型可以为DirectExchage、TopicExcahge和FanoutExchange,这些都支持。
@Slf4j
@Component
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMqProducer {
private final RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;
public void sendDelayedMsg(String body, int timeoutInMillSeconds) {
log.info("开始发送消息到delayed-exchange 消息体:{}, 消息延迟:{}ms, 当前时间:{}", body, timeoutInMillSeconds, LocalDateTime.now());
MessageProperties messageProperties = new MessageProperties();
messageProperties.setDelay(timeoutInMillSeconds);
Message message = MessageBuilder.withBody(body.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)).andProperties(messageProperties).build();
rabbitTemplate.send("delayed-exchange", "delayed-routing-key", message);
}
}
@Slf4j
@Component
public class RabbitMqConsumer {
@RabbitListener(queues = "delayed-queue")
public void handleMsgFromDelayedQueue(String msg) {
log.info("Message received from delayed-queue, message body: {}, current time:{}", msg, LocalDateTime.now());
}
}
@RestController
@RequiredArgsConstructor
public class RabbitMsgController {
private final RabbitMqProducer rabbitMqProducer;
@RequestMapping("/exchange/delayed")
public ResponseEntity<String> sendMsgToHeadersExchange(String body, int timeout) {
rabbitMqProducer.sendDelayedMsg(body, timeout);
return ResponseEntity.ok("消息发送到延迟交换机成功");
}
}
浏览器访问http://localhost:8080/exchange/dead-letter?body=hello&timeout=5000
,可以看到消息被延迟5s处理。
2023-11-26 13:02:07.816 INFO 26524 --- [nio-8080-exec-3] c.u.r.i.producer.RabbitMqProducer : 开始发送消息到delayed-exchange 消息体:Hello, 消息延迟:5000ms, 当前时间:2023-11-26T13:02:07.816
2023-11-26 13:02:12.830 INFO 26524 --- [ntContainer#5-5] c.u.r.i.consumer.RabbitMqConsumer : Message received from delayed-queue, message body: Hello, current time:2023-11-26T13:02:12.829
超出队列限制
和nack
的消息也会进入死信队列,触发的条件没那么纯粹。