1.violate
vt.违反，违背（协议、法律或承诺）
if sb violates an agreement, law or promise, they break it
Ships violating the rule would be seized.
I'm here because you violated our roommate agreement.
vt.侵犯（隐私等）；搅扰；打搅
if you violate sb's privacy or peace, you disturb it
So you're violating our privacy.
I feel violated. And not in a good way. 我感觉被冒犯了，而且是以很不爽的方式。
vt.亵渎；污损
if sb violates a special place, for example a grave, they damage it or treat with disrespect
The soldiers violated the church by using it as a stable.
士兵们把教堂当马厩用而亵渎了它。
2.bleak
adj.（状况）没有希望的，不乐观的
（of a situation）with little hope to improve
It's like a ray of sunshine in an otherwise bleak world.
这就像原来黑暗的世界中突然射入了一束阳光。
adj.(天气)阴冷的，寒冷的
（of weather）cold, dull, and unpleasant
One could bleak night, the snow fell fast and the wind blew loud and shrill.
一个寒冷而阴沉的夜晚，雪下得很大，大风呼啸而过。
3.ecliptic
n.黄道: the path along which the Sun seems to move
The path it takes is a reflection of the Earth's path around the Sun, a line in the sky. We call that line the ecliptic.
这条轨迹实际上反映了地球绕太阳转动的路线，我们称这条线为黄道线。
4.diffuse
vi.vt.扩散，渗透，弥漫
to make heat, light, liquid etc spread through sth, or to spread like this
The colors of the sunset were diffused across the sky.
日落时分的霞光弥漫天空。
They are very good at diffusing sound.
它们用来扩散声音非常有用。
vt.减弱，平息（不良情绪或局面）
to make a bad feeling or situation less strong or serious
Thank you so much. You diffused that whole situation.
太谢谢你了，你一下就平息了那个局面。
I have a tendency of using comedy to diffuse tension in situations.
我有时候会用搞笑来缓解紧张的氛围。
adj.弥漫的；扩散的；漫射的
spread over a wide area
Diffuse tribes once lived in this area.
这一地区曾生活着分散的部落。
adj.不清楚的；难解的；冗长的；啰嗦的
not clear or easy to understand; using a lot of words
Your books are extraordinary.--Well, you know, some critics find them diffuse.
你的书太棒了。--你知道，有些评论家觉得它们冗长。
5. Celsius
adj.摄氏（温度）的
using a scale for measuring temperature, in which water freezes at 0 degrees and boils at 100 degrees
Seawater starts to freeze at around minus 2℃elsius.
当水温降至摄氏零下二度时，海水就开始冻结。
And remember it's in Celsius, not Fahrenheit.
是摄氏度，不是华氏度。
6.counterbalance
vt.使...平衡；抗衡；抵消
to have an equal and opposing force or effect on sth
Perhaps you have awful faults to counterbalance your few good points.
也许你有讨厌的缺点来抵消你的好处。
Our weight will counterbalance each other and make it easier for us to climb up.
我们的体重可以使彼此抵消，达到平衡，这样往上爬会轻松些。
7.begrudge
vt.妒忌；嫉妒
to feel angry, upset,or jealous because sb has sth that you think they do not deserve
begrudge sb sth; begrudge sb doing sth
We don't begrudge success, we aspire to it and admire those who achieve it.
我们不嫉妒成功，我们渴望成功并且仰慕成功之人。
8.irreversible
adj.无法复原（或挽回）的；不能倒转的
that cannot be changed back to what it was before
She has irreversible brain damage.
她遭受了永久性的脑部创伤。
9.infiltrate v.(使)渗透；渗入（地方、组织中等）
to enter a place or organization secretly or under a false identity; to send sb to do this
infiltrate sb into sth
infiltration n.渗透；渗入
infiltrator n.渗透者
This is our chance to infiltrate one of the most dangerous terrorist groups in Yemen.
这是我们潜入也门最危险的恐怖组织之一的机会。
Police can infiltrate him into any group they want to.
警察可以让他潜入任何地方。
10.hereditary
adj. (品质或疾病)遗传的，遗传性的
(of a characteristic or disease)passed or able to be passed onto a child from parents before birth
Doctor said it's probably hereditary.
医生说有可能是遗传的。
adj.(称号或地位)承袭的，世袭的
（of a title or status）passed on as a right from parent to child
I am the hereditary ruler of the Manchurian people.
我是满洲人民的世袭统治者。