Neurocomputing----Guide for authors

该期刊鼓励并使您能够在适当的情况下共享支持您的研究出版物的软件，并使您能够将软件和数据与您发表的文章相互链接。您可以选择将您的开源软件转换为其他期刊出版物软件影响，这是一本多学科的开放获取期刊，为用于解决研究挑战的软件提供学术参考。它确保您的软件得到积极审查、策划、格式化、索引、赋予 DOI 并在发布时向所有人公开。如果您的研究文章被接受，我们鼓励您将您的文章作为附加项目提交给 Software Impacts。请注意，在Software Impacts上发表需要支付250美元的开放获取费。完整的细节可以在Software Impacts 网站.请使用此模板撰写您的软件影响文章。 投稿清单在将投稿送交期刊审稿之前，您可以使用此清单对投稿进行最终检查。请查看本作者指南中的相关部分，了解更多详情。

确保存在以下项目：

One author has been designated as the corresponding author with contact details:
• E-mail address
• Full postal address

All necessary files have been uploaded:
Manuscript:
• Include keywords
• All figures (include relevant captions)
• All tables (including titles, description, footnotes)
• Ensure all figure and table citations in the text match the files provided
• Indicate clearly if color should be used for any figures in print
Graphical Abstracts / Highlights files (where applicable)
Supplemental files (where applicable)

•包括关键字 • 所有图表（包括相关标题）• 所有表格（包括标题、描述、脚注）• 确保文本中的所有图表和表格引用与提供的文件相匹配• 明确指出是否应为印刷的任何图表使用颜色 图形摘要/亮点文件（如适用）

Further considerations
• Manuscript has been 'spell checked' and 'grammar checked'
• All references mentioned in the Reference List are cited in the text, and vice versa
• Permission has been obtained for use of copyrighted material from other sources (including the Internet)
• A competing interests statement is provided, even if the authors have no competing interests to declare
• Journal policies detailed in this guide have been reviewed
• Referee suggestions and contact details provided, based on journal requirements

For further information, visit our Support Center.

进一步的考虑• 稿件已经过“拼写检查”和“语法检查”
• 参考文献列表中提到的所有参考文献都在正文中引用，反之亦然
• 已获得使用其他来源（包括互联网）的受版权保护材料的许可• 即使作者没有竞争利益声明，也提供了竞争利益声明
• 本指南中详述的期刊政策已经过审查
• 根据期刊要求提供推荐建议和联系方式

欲了解更多信息，请访问我们的支持中心.

Before you begin

Ethics in publishing

Declaration of competing interest

Corresponding authors, on behalf of all the authors of a submission, must disclose any financial and personal relationships with other people or organizations that could inappropriately influence (bias) their work. Examples of potential conflicts of interest include employment, consultancies, stock ownership, honoraria, paid expert testimony, patent applications/registrations, and grants or other funding. All authors, including those without competing interests to declare, should provide the relevant information to the corresponding author (which, where relevant, may specify they have nothing to declare). Corresponding authors should then use this tool to create a shared statement and upload to the submission system at the Attach Files step. Please do not convert the .docx template to another file type. Author signatures are not required.

代表所有提交的作者，通讯作者必须披露与其他个人或组织存在的可能不适当影响（偏见）其工作的财务和个人关系。潜在利益冲突的例子包括就业、咨询、股权、酬金、有偿专家证词、专利申请/注册以及资助或其他资金。所有作者，包括没有竞争利益需要申报的作者，都应向通讯作者提供相关信息（在相关的情况下，可以指明他们没有需要申报的事项）。通讯作者应使用此工具创建一个共享声明，并在提交系统的“附加文件”步骤中上传。请不要将 .docx 模板转换为其他文件类型。不需要作者签名。 

Declaration of generative AI in scientific writing

The below guidance only refers to the writing process, and not to the use of AI tools to analyse and draw insights from data as part of the research process.

Where authors use generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process, authors should only use these technologies to improve readability and language. Applying the technology should be done with human oversight and control, and authors should carefully review and edit the result, as AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete or biased. AI and AI-assisted technologies should not be listed as an author or co-author, or be cited as an author. Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans, as outlined in Elsevier’s AI policy for authors.

Authors should disclose in their manuscript the use of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by following the instructions below. A statement will appear in the published work. Please note that authors are ultimately responsible and accountable for the contents of the work.

下面的指导仅涉及写作过程，而不涉及在研究过程中使用人工智能工具来分析和从数据中得出见解。

当作者在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能（AI）和AI辅助技术时，应仅使用这些技术来提高可读性和语言表达。应该在人类监督和控制下应用这项技术，作者应仔细审查和编辑结果，因为AI可以生成听起来权威的输出，但可能是不正确、不完整或带有偏见的。人工智能和AI辅助技术不应列为作者或共同作者，也不应被引用为作者。作者身份意味着只有人类才能被归因于和执行的责任和任务，正如Elsevier的作者人工智能政策中所概述的那样。

作者应按照下面的说明在其手稿中披露在写作过程中使用人工智能和AI辅助技术。这一声明将出现在已发表的作品中。请注意，最终对作品内容负有责任和义务的是作者。

Disclosure instructions

Authors must disclose the use of generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process by adding a statement at the end of their manuscript in the core manuscript file, before the References list. The statement should be placed in a new section entitled ‘Declaration of Generative AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’.

Statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE] in order to [REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed and edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for the content of the publication.

This declaration does not apply to the use of basic tools for checking grammar, spelling, references etc. If there is nothing to disclose, there is no need to add a statement.

披露说明

作者必须在核心手稿文件的参考文献列表之前，在其手稿的末尾，通过添加一个声明，披露在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和AI辅助技术。该声明应置于一个新的部分，标题为“在写作过程中使用生成式人工智能和AI辅助技术的声明”。

声明：在准备本工作期间，作者使用了[工具/服务名称]，以便[原因]。在使用此工具/服务后，作者审查和编辑了内容，并对出版物的内容承担完全责任。

此声明不适用于使用基本工具进行语法检查、拼写检查、参考文献等。如果没有需要披露的内容，则无需添加声明。

Submission declaration and verification

Submission of an article implies that the work described has not been published previously (except in the form of an abstract, a published lecture or academic thesis, see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information), that it is not under consideration for publication elsewhere, that its publication is approved by all authors and tacitly or explicitly by the responsible authorities where the work was carried out, and that, if accepted, it will not be published elsewhere in the same form, in English or in any other language, including electronically without the written consent of the copyright-holder. To verify compliance, your article may be checked by Crossref Similarity Check and other originality or duplicate checking software.

投稿声明和核实

文章的投稿意味着所描述的工作以前未曾发表（除了以摘要、已发表的讲座或学术论文的形式存在，详见“多次、冗余或并发发表”以获取更多信息），它不在其他地方被考虑发表，其发表得到所有作者的批准，并在工作实施地的负责机构的默认或明示批准，如果被接受，将不会以相同的形式在其他地方以英语或任何其他语言，包括电子形式发表，除非获得版权持有人的书面同意。为了验证合规性，您的文章可能会通过Crossref相似性检查和其他原创性或重复检查软件进行检查。

Preprints

Please note that preprints can be shared anywhere at any time, in line with Elsevier's sharing policy. Sharing your preprints e.g. on a preprint server will not count as prior publication (see 'Multiple, redundant or concurrent publication' for more information).

请注意，根据Elsevier的共享政策，预印本可以随时在任何地方共享。在预印本服务器上分享您的预印本不会被视为先前发表（详见“多次、冗余或并发发表”以获取更多信息）。 

 Preprint posting on SSRN

In support of Open Science, this journal offers its authors a free preprint posting service. Preprints provide early registration and dissemination of your research, which facilitates early citations and collaboration.

During submission to Editorial Manager, you can choose to release your manuscript publicly as a preprint on the preprint server SSRN once it enters peer-review with the journal. Your choice will have no effect on the editorial process or outcome with the journal. Please note that the corresponding author is expected to seek approval from all co-authors before agreeing to release the manuscript publicly on SSRN.

You will be notified via email when your preprint is posted online and a Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is assigned. Your preprint will remain globally available free to read whether the journal accepts or rejects your manuscript.

For more information about posting to SSRN, please consult the SSRN Terms of Use and FAQs.

为了支持开放科学，该期刊向作者提供免费的预印本发布服务。预印本提供了对您的研究进行早期注册和传播的机会，有助于早期引用和合作。

在提交到编辑管理系统时，您可以选择在您的手稿进入期刊同行评审流程后，在预印本服务器SSRN上公开发布您的手稿。您的选择不会对期刊的编辑流程或结果产生影响。请注意，通讯作者在同意在SSRN上公开发布手稿之前，应征得所有共同作者的批准。

当您的预印本在网上发布并分配了数字对象标识符（DOI）时，您将通过电子邮件收到通知。无论该期刊是否接受或拒绝您的手稿，您的预印本都将保持全球范围内免费阅读。

有关发布到SSRN的更多信息，请参阅SSRN的使用条款和常见问题解答。

Use of inclusive language

Inclusive language acknowledges diversity, conveys respect to all people, is sensitive to differences, and promotes equal opportunities. Content should make no assumptions about the beliefs or commitments of any reader; contain nothing which might imply that one individual is superior to another on the grounds of age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition; and use inclusive language throughout. Authors should ensure that writing is free from bias, stereotypes, slang, reference to dominant culture and/or cultural assumptions. We advise to seek gender neutrality by using plural nouns ("clinicians, patients/clients") as default/wherever possible to avoid using "he, she," or "he/she." We recommend avoiding the use of descriptors that refer to personal attributes such as age, gender, race, ethnicity, culture, sexual orientation, disability or health condition unless they are relevant and valid. When coding terminology is used, we recommend to avoid offensive or exclusionary terms such as "master", "slave", "blacklist" and "whitelist". We suggest using alternatives that are more appropriate and (self-) explanatory such as "primary", "secondary", "blocklist" and "allowlist". These guidelines are meant as a point of reference to help identify appropriate language but are by no means exhaustive or definitive.

使用包容性语言

包容性语言承认多样性，向所有人传达尊重，对差异敏感，并促进平等机会。内容不应对任何读者的信仰或承诺做任何假设；不应包含任何可能暗示一个个体在年龄、性别、种族、族裔、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况方面优越于另一个的内容；并且应全文使用包容性语言。作者应确保写作没有偏见、刻板印象、俚语、对主导文化的引用和/或文化假设。建议通过使用复数名词（“临床医生，患者/客户”）作为默认/可能的情况下，以避免使用“他，她”或“他/她”来寻求性别中立。建议避免使用描述个人属性的词语，如年龄、性别、种族、族裔、文化、性取向、残疾或健康状况，除非这些词语是相关且有效的。当使用编码术语时，建议避免使用冒犯性或排斥性的术语，如“主控”，“从控”，“黑名单”和“白名单”。建议使用更合适和更（自我）解释性的替代词，如“主要”，“次要”，“阻止列表”和“允许列表”。这些指南旨在作为参考点，帮助确定适当的语言，但并非详尽无遗或最终定论。

Reporting sex- and gender-based analyses

Reporting guidance

For research involving or pertaining to humans, animals or eukaryotic cells, investigators should integrate sex and gender-based analyses (SGBA) into their research design according to funder/sponsor requirements and best practices within a field. Authors should address the sex and/or gender dimensions of their research in their article. In cases where they cannot, they should discuss this as a limitation to their research's generalizability. Importantly, authors should explicitly state what definitions of sex and/or gender they are applying to enhance the precision, rigor and reproducibility of their research and to avoid ambiguity or conflation of terms and the constructs to which they refer (see Definitions section below). Authors can refer to the Sex and Gender Equity in Research (SAGER) guidelines and the SAGER guidelines checklist. These offer systematic approaches to the use and editorial review of sex and gender information in study design, data analysis, outcome reporting and research interpretation - however, please note there is no single, universally agreed-upon set of guidelines for defining sex and gender.

对于涉及或涉及人类、动物或真核细胞的研究，研究人员应根据资助者/赞助商的要求和领域内的最佳实践，将基于性别和性别的分析（SGBA）整合到其研究设计中。作者应在文章中解决其研究的性别和/或性别维度。在无法这样做的情况下，他们应将此作为其研究普适性的局限进行讨论。重要的是，作者应明确陈述他们正在应用的性别和/或性别定义，以增强其研究的精确性、严密性和可重复性，并避免术语和所指的概念的歧义或混淆（参见下面的定义部分）。作者可以参考《研究中的性别和性别公平性》（SAGER）指南和SAGER指南检查表。这些提供了在研究设计、数据分析、结果报告和研究解释中使用和编辑审查性别和性别信息的系统方法，然而，请注意并没有单一、普遍同意的性别和性别定义指南。

Definitions

Sex generally refers to a set of biological attributes that are associated with physical and physiological features (e.g., chromosomal genotype, hormonal levels, internal and external anatomy). A binary sex categorization (male/female) is usually designated at birth (""sex assigned at birth""), most often based solely on the visible external anatomy of a newborn. Gender generally refers to socially constructed roles, behaviors, and identities of women, men and gender-diverse people that occur in a historical and cultural context and may vary across societies and over time. Gender influences how people view themselves and each other, how they behave and interact and how power is distributed in society. Sex and gender are often incorrectly portrayed as binary (female/male or woman/man) and unchanging whereas these constructs actually exist along a spectrum and include additional sex categorizations and gender identities such as people who are intersex/have differences of sex development (DSD) or identify as non-binary. Moreover, the terms ""sex"" and ""gender"" can be ambiguous—thus it is important for authors to define the manner in which they are used. In addition to this definition guidance and the SAGER guidelines, the resources on this page offer further insight around sex and gender in research studies.

性别通常指与生理和生理特征相关联的一组生物属性（例如，染色体基因型、激素水平、内外部解剖结构）。通常在出生时（“出生时分配的性别”）根据新生儿可见的外部解剖结构，对二元性别进行分类（男/女）。性别通常是指在历史和文化背景中出现的女性、男性和性别多元人士的社会构建的角色、行为和身份，可能在社会和随时间变化的情况下有所不同。性别影响人们如何看待自己和彼此，影响他们的行为和互动，以及社会中权力是如何分配的。性别和性别往往被错误地描绘为二元（女性/男性或女人/男人）和不变的，而实际上这些构建存在于一个光谱上，并包括其他性别分类和性别身份，例如具有间性/性别发育差异（DSD）或认同为非二元的人。此外，“性别”和“性别”这两个术语可能存在歧义，因此作者定义其使用方式非常重要。除了这些定义指南和SAGER指南之外，此页面上的资源还提供了有关研究中性别和性别的更多见解。

 Author contributions

For transparency, we require corresponding authors to provide co-author contributions to the manuscript using the relevant CRediT roles. The CRediT taxonomy includes 14 different roles describing each contributor’s specific contribution to the scholarly output. The roles are: Conceptualization; Data curation; Formal analysis; Funding acquisition; Investigation; Methodology; Project administration; Resources; Software; Supervision; Validation; Visualization; Roles/Writing - original draft; and Writing - review & editing. Note that not all roles may apply to every manuscript, and authors may have contributed through multiple roles. More details and an example.

为了透明度，我们要求通讯作者使用相关的CRediT（Contributor Roles Taxonomy）角色为手稿提供共同作者的贡献。CRediT分类包括14种不同的角色，描述了每位贡献者对学术产出的具体贡献。这些角色包括：概念化；数据整理；形式分析；筹款获取；调查；方法学；项目管理；资源；软件；监督；验证；可视化；角色/撰写 - 原始草稿；以及撰写 - 审查与编辑。请注意，并非每个手稿都适用所有角色，作者可能通过多个角色做出贡献。更多详细信息请参考示例。

Changes to authorship

Authors are expected to consider carefully the list and order of authors before submitting their manuscript and provide the definitive list of authors at the time of the original submission. Any addition, deletion or rearrangement of author names in the authorship list should be made only before the manuscript has been accepted and only if approved by the journal Editor. To request such a change, the Editor must receive the following from the corresponding author: (a) the reason for the change in author list and (b) written confirmation (e-mail, letter) from all authors that they agree with the addition, removal or rearrangement. In the case of addition or removal of authors, this includes confirmation from the author being added or removed.
Only in exceptional circumstances will the Editor consider the addition, deletion or rearrangement of authors after the manuscript has been accepted. While the Editor considers the request, publication of the manuscript will be suspended. If the manuscript has already been published in an online issue, any requests approved by the Editor will result in a corrigendum.

作者顺序变更

作者在提交手稿之前应该仔细考虑作者名单和顺序，并在原始提交时提供确定的作者名单。在手稿被接受之前，对作者名单的任何添加、删除或重新排列应该仅在获得期刊编辑批准的情况下进行。要请求此类更改，编辑必须收到通讯作者提供的以下信息：（a）更改作者名单的原因，以及（b）所有作者书面确认（电子邮件、信函），表示他们同意添加、删除或重新排列。对于添加或删除作者的情况，这还包括被添加或删除的作者的确认。

只有在特殊情况下，编辑在手稿被接受后才会考虑添加、删除或重新排列作者。在编辑考虑请求期间，手稿的发布将被暂停。如果手稿已经在在线期刊中发表，编辑批准的任何请求将导致勘误。

 IMPORTANT NOTE: The Journal does not allow multiple corresponding authors. The manuscript being submitted should have only one designated corresponding author, both in the submission system and the manuscript file, throughout the editorial process and publication process if the manuscript is accepted. All correspondence from Elsevier during the editorial process will be directed to the corresponding author specified in the submission system. If the corresponding author for the accepted and published version of a paper is different, this should be clearly indicated in the submitted paper and verified during the correction of the print proofs. The print proofs should clearly indicate the corresponding author after publication. In any case, the manuscript should have only one corresponding author throughout the editorial process and after acceptance.

重要提示：本期刊不允许多位通讯作者。所提交的手稿应该在整个编辑过程和出版过程中（如果手稿被接受）都只有一个指定的通讯作者，无论是在提交系统中还是在手稿文件中。在编辑过程中，Elsevier 所有的通信将直接发送给在提交系统中指定的通讯作者。如果接受和发表的论文的通讯作者不同，这应该在提交的论文中明确指出，并在校正印刷校样时进行验证。印刷校样应在发表后清楚地标明通讯作者。无论如何，在整个编辑过程和接受后，手稿都应该只有一个通讯作者。

Article transfer service

This journal uses the Elsevier Article Transfer Service to find the best home for your manuscript. This means that if an editor feels your manuscript is more suitable for an alternative journal, you might be asked to consider transferring the manuscript to such a journal. The recommendation might be provided by a Journal Editor, a dedicated Scientific Managing Editor, a tool assisted recommendation, or a combination. If you agree, your manuscript will be transferred, though you will have the opportunity to make changes to the manuscript before the submission is complete. Please note that your manuscript will be independently reviewed by the new journal. More information.

这个期刊使用 Elsevier 文章转移服务来找到您手稿的最佳投稿地点。这意味着如果编辑认为您的手稿更适合其他期刊，可能会要求您考虑将手稿转移到该期刊。推荐可能来自期刊编辑、专职科学管理编辑、工具辅助的推荐，或者它们的组合。如果您同意，您的手稿将被转移，但在提交完成之前，您将有机会对手稿进行修改。请注意，您的手稿将由新的期刊进行独立评审。更多信息请参考。

Copyright

Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' (see more information on this). An e-mail will be sent to the corresponding author confirming receipt of the manuscript together with a 'Journal Publishing Agreement' form or a link to the online version of this agreement.

Subscribers may reproduce tables of contents or prepare lists of articles including abstracts for internal circulation within their institutions. Permission of the Publisher is required for resale or distribution outside the institution and for all other derivative works, including compilations and translations. If excerpts from other copyrighted works are included, the author(s) must obtain written permission from the copyright owners and credit the source(s) in the article. Elsevier has preprinted forms for use by authors in these cases.

For gold open access articles: Upon acceptance of an article, authors will be asked to complete a 'License Agreement' (more information). Permitted third party reuse of gold open access articles is determined by the author's choice of user license.

版权

文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份《期刊出版协议》（详见更多信息）。将向通讯作者发送一封电子邮件，确认收到手稿，并附上《期刊出版协议》表格或该协议在线版本的链接。

订阅者可以复制目录表或为其机构内部循环准备包含摘要的文章列表。在机构之外进行转售或分发以及进行所有其他派生作品（包括编译和翻译）需要获得出版商的许可。如果包含其他受版权保护的作品的摘录，作者必须获得版权所有者的书面许可，并在文章中注明来源。Elsevier 为作者在这些情况下使用的预印表格。

对于金色开放获取文章：文章被接受后，作者将被要求填写一份《许可协议》（更多信息）。金色开放获取文章的允许第三方重用取决于作者选择的用户许可。

Author rights

As an author you (or your employer or institution) have certain rights to reuse your work. More information.

Elsevier supports responsible sharing

Find out how you can share your research published in Elsevier journals.

作者权利

作为作者，您（或您的雇主或机构）对重新使用您的作品拥有某些权利。更多信息请参考。

Elsevier支持负责任的分享

了解如何分享您在Elsevier期刊上发表的研究。

Role of the funding source

You are requested to identify who provided financial support for the conduct of the research and/or preparation of the article and to briefly describe the role of the sponsor(s), if any, in study design; in the collection, analysis and interpretation of data; in the writing of the report; and in the decision to submit the article for publication. If the funding source(s) had no such involvement, it is recommended to state this.

资金来源的作用

请说明是谁为研究的开展和/或文章的准备提供了财务支持，并简要描述赞助方（如果有）在研究设计、数据的收集、分析和解释、报告的撰写以及决定提交文章发表方面的作用。如果资金来源没有参与这些方面，建议明确说明。

Open access

Please visit our Open Access page for more information about open access publishing in this journal.

Elsevier Researcher Academy


Researcher Academy is a free e-learning platform designed to support early and mid-career researchers throughout their research journey. The "Learn" environment at Researcher Academy offers several interactive modules, webinars, downloadable guides and resources to guide you through the process of writing for research and going through peer review. Feel free to use these free resources to improve your submission and navigate the publication process with ease.

Researcher Academy 是一个免费的电子学习平台，旨在支持初级和中期研究人员在他们的研究旅程中。Researcher Academy 的“学习”环境提供了多个互动模块、网络研讨会、可下载的指南和资源，帮助您了解撰写研究论文和经历同行评审的过程。请随意使用这些免费资源，提升您的投稿质量，轻松导航出版过程。 

Language (usage and editing services)

Please write your text in good English (American or British usage is accepted, but not a mixture of these). Authors who feel their English language manuscript may require editing to eliminate possible grammatical or spelling errors and to conform to correct scientific English may wish to use the Language Editing service available from Elsevier's Language Services.

请用良好的英语编写您的文本（接受美式或英式用法，但不接受这两种混用）。如果作者认为他们的英语文稿可能需要编辑以消除可能的语法或拼写错误，并符合正确的科学英语，他们可以考虑使用Elsevier语言服务提供的语言编辑服务。

Submission

Our online submission system guides you stepwise through the process of entering your article details and uploading your files. The system converts your article files to a single PDF file used in the peer-review process. Editable files (e.g., Word, LaTeX) are required to typeset your article for final publication. All correspondence, including notification of the Editor's decision and requests for revision, is sent by e-mail.

我们的在线投稿系统将逐步引导您输入文章详细信息并上传文件的过程。该系统将您的文章文件转换为在同行评审过程中使用的单个PDF文件。为了对您的文章进行最终出版的排版，需要可编辑的文件（例如Word、LaTeX）。所有通信，包括编辑决定的通知和修订请求，都将通过电子邮件发送。

LaTex

For LaTeX submissions we encourage authors to use our LaTeX Template when preparing a submission. Please ensure you provide all relevant editable source files at submission and every revision. Our LaTeX site has detailed submission instructions, templates and other information to aid your submission.

For FAQs and support, visit the Elsevier Support Center

For a beginner's guide to writing a manuscript in LaTeX see the interactive course on the Elsevier Publishing Campus.

对于使用LaTeX提交的作者，在准备投稿时，我们鼓励您使用我们的LaTeX模板。请确保您在投稿和每次修订时都提供所有相关的可编辑源文件。我们的LaTeX网站提供了详细的投稿说明、模板和其他信息，以帮助您的投稿。

有关常见问题和支持，请访问Elsevier支持中心。

有关在LaTeX中撰写手稿的初学者指南，请参阅Elsevier出版社交互式课程。

Original Software Publications

The Software Track of Neurocomputing publishes Original Software Publications (OSP) to disseminate exiting and useful software in the areas of neural networks and learning systems, including, but not restricted to, architectures, learning methods, analysis of network dynamics, theories of learning, self-organization, biological neural network modelling, sensorimotor transformations and interdisciplinary topics with artificial intelligence, artificial life, cognitive science, computational learning theory, fuzzy logic, genetic algorithms, information theory, machine learning, neurobiology and pattern recognition. We encourage high-quality original software submissions which contain non-trivial contributions in the above areas related to the implementations of algorithms, toolboxes, and real systems. The software must adhere to a recognized legal license, such as OSI approved licenses. Importantly, the software will be a full publication that is able to capture your software updates as and once they are released. To fully acknowledge the author's/developers software work your software will be fully citable as an Original Software Publication, archived and indexed and available as a complete online "body of work" for other researchers and practitioners to discover.

See the detailed Submission instructions, and more information about the process for academically publishing your Software: here

When preparing your manuscript, please make sure that you strictly adhere to the OSP Template for Original Software Publications and Software Update Template for updates to your Software.

The open access publication fee for Original Software Publications included in the Software Track of this journal is $500, excluding taxes. Software Updates referring to published Original Software Publications will be made open access free of charge.

《神经计算》期刊的软件专栏发表原创软件出版物（OSP），旨在传播神经网络和学习系统领域的令人兴奋且实用的软件，包括但不限于架构、学习方法、网络动态分析、学习理论、自组织、生物神经网络建模、感觉运动转换以及与人工智能、人工生命、认知科学、计算学习理论、模糊逻辑、遗传算法、信息理论、机器学习、神经生物学和模式识别相关的跨学科主题。我们鼓励提交在上述领域中对算法、工具箱和实际系统实现具有非平凡贡献的高质量原创软件。该软件必须遵循公认的法律许可，例如OSI批准的许可。重要的是，该软件将成为一篇完整的出版物，能够捕捉您的软件更新，并在发布后随时获取。为了充分承认作者/开发者的软件工作，您的软件将被完全引用为原创软件出版物，存档和索引，并可作为其他研究人员和从业者发现的完整在线“作品集”。

有关详细的投稿说明和有关学术发布您的软件过程的更多信息，请访问此处。

在准备稿件时，请确保严格遵循原创软件出版物的OSP模板和有关软件更新的Software Update模板。

包含在该期刊软件专栏的原创软件出版物的开放获取出版费为500美元，不含税。涉及已发布的原创软件出版物的软件更新将免费开放获取。

Preparation

Queries

For questions about the editorial process (including the status of manuscripts under review) or for technical support on submissions, please visit our Support Center.

有关编辑过程的问题（包括审稿中的手稿状态）或投稿的技术支持，请访问我们的支持中心。

Peer review

This journal operates a single anonymized review process. All contributions will be initially assessed by the editor for suitability for the journal. Papers deemed suitable are then typically sent to a minimum of two independent expert reviewers to assess the scientific quality of the paper. The Editor is responsible for the final decision regarding acceptance or rejection of articles. The Editor's decision is final. Editors are not involved in decisions about papers which they have written themselves or have been written by family members or colleagues or which relate to products or services in which the editor has an interest. Any such submission is subject to all of the journal's usual procedures, with peer review handled independently of the relevant editor and their research groups. More information on types of peer review.

该期刊采用单一匿名评审流程。所有投稿将首先由编辑评估其是否适合该期刊。被认为适合的论文通常会被发送至至少两名独立的专业评审人，以评估论文的科学质量。编辑负责最终决定接受或拒绝文章。编辑的决定是最终决定。编辑不参与他们自己写作的论文或由家庭成员或同事撰写的论文的决定，也不涉及编辑对其有兴趣的产品或服务的论文。任何此类投稿都需要按照期刊的所有常规程序进行处理，同行评审将独立于相关编辑及其研究团队进行。有关同行评审类型的更多信息。

 Use of word processing software

It is important that the file be saved in the native format of the word processor used. The text should be in single-column format. Keep the layout of the text as simple as possible. Most formatting codes will be removed and replaced on processing the article. In particular, do not use the word processor's options to justify text or to hyphenate words. However, do use bold face, italics, subscripts, superscripts etc. When preparing tables, if you are using a table grid, use only one grid for each individual table and not a grid for each row. If no grid is used, use tabs, not spaces, to align columns. The electronic text should be prepared in a way very similar to that of conventional manuscripts (see also the Guide to Publishing with Elsevier). Note that source files of figures, tables and text graphics will be required whether or not you embed your figures in the text. See also the section on Electronic artwork.
To avoid unnecessary errors you are strongly advised to use the 'spell-check' and 'grammar-check' functions of your word processor.

保存文件时，重要的是要使用所使用的文字处理器的原生格式。文本应以单列格式呈现。保持文本的布局尽可能简单。在处理文章时，大多数格式代码将被删除并替换。特别是，不要使用文字处理器的选项来调整文本或断字。但是，可以使用粗体、斜体、下标、上标等。在准备表格时，如果使用表格网格，请为每个单独的表格使用一个网格，而不是每行使用一个网格。如果不使用网格，请使用制表符而不是空格来对齐列。电子文本的准备方式应与传统手稿非常相似（也请参阅与Elsevier一起出版的指南）。请注意，无论您是否将图形嵌入文本中，都将需要图形、表格和文本图形的源文件。另请参阅有关电子艺术品的部分。 为了避免不必要的错误，强烈建议使用文字处理器的“拼写检查”和“语法检查”功能。

Article structure

Subdivision - numbered sections
Divide your article into clearly defined and numbered sections. Subsections should be numbered 1.1 (then 1.1.1, 1.1.2, ...), 1.2, etc. (the abstract is not included in section numbering). Use this numbering also for internal cross-referencing: do not just refer to 'the text'. Any subsection may be given a brief heading. Each heading should appear on its own separate line.

Introduction
State the objectives of the work and provide an adequate background, avoiding a detailed literature survey or a summary of the results.

Material and methods
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.

Experimental
Provide sufficient details to allow the work to be reproduced by an independent researcher. Methods that are already published should be summarized, and indicated by a reference. If quoting directly from a previously published method, use quotation marks and also cite the source. Any modifications to existing methods should also be described.

Theory/calculation
A Theory section should extend, not repeat, the background to the article already dealt with in the Introduction and lay the foundation for further work. In contrast, a Calculation section represents a practical development from a theoretical basis.

Results
Results should be clear and concise.

Discussion
This should explore the significance of the results of the work, not repeat them. A combined Results and Discussion section is often appropriate. Avoid extensive citations and discussion of published literature.

Conclusions
The main conclusions of the study may be presented in a short Conclusions section, which may stand alone or form a subsection of a Discussion or Results and Discussion section.

Appendices
If there is more than one appendix, they should be identified as A, B, etc. Formulae and equations in appendices should be given separate numbering: Eq. (A.1), Eq. (A.2), etc.; in a subsequent appendix, Eq. (B.1) and so on. Similarly for tables and figures: Table A.1; Fig. A.1, etc.

Vitae
Submit a short (maximum 100 words) biography of each author, along with a passport-type photograph accompanying the other figures. Please provide the biography in an editable format (e.g. Word), not in PDF format.

分区 - 编号的章节 将您的文章划分为清晰定义的、编号的章节。子章节应编号为1.1（然后是1.1.1、1.1.2，...）、1.2等（摘要不包括在章节编号中）。在内部交叉引用时也使用这个编号：不要只是提到“文本”。任何子章节都可以给予简短的标题。每个标题应出现在自己单独的一行上。

引言 阐述工作的目标并提供足够的背景，避免进行详细的文献综述或结果摘要。

材料和方法 提供足够的细节，以便独立的研究者能够重现这项工作。已经发表的方法应该被总结，并通过引用来指示。如果直接引用先前发表的方法，请使用引号并引用来源。对现有方法的任何修改也应该被描述。

实验 提供足够的细节，以便独立的研究者能够重现这项工作。已经发表的方法应该被总结，并通过引用来指示。如果直接引用先前发表的方法，请使用引号并引用来源。对现有方法的任何修改也应该被描述。

理论/计算 理论部分应该扩展，而不是重复，在引言中已经处理过的文章背景，并为进一步的工作奠定基础。相反，计算部分代表了从理论基础到实际发展的过程。

结果 结果应该清晰而简明。

讨论 这应该探讨工作结果的意义，而不是重复它们。合并结果和讨论部分通常是适当的。避免对已发表文献的广泛引用和讨论。

结论 研究的主要结论可以在一个简短的结论部分中呈现，它可以独立存在，也可以是讨论或结果和讨论部分的子部分。

附录 如果有多个附录，它们应该标识为A、B等。附录中的公式和方程应分别编号：公式（A.1）、公式（A.2）等；在随后的附录中，公式（B.1）等。表格和图形也是类似的：表A.1；图A.1等。

个人简介 提交每位作者的简短（最多100字）个人简介，并附带一张护照类型的照片，与其他图形一起提交。请以可编辑的格式（例如Word），而不是PDF格式提供个人简介。

Essential title page information

• Title. Concise and informative. Titles are often used in information-retrieval systems. Avoid abbreviations and formulae where possible.
• Author names and affiliations. Please clearly indicate the given name(s) and family name(s) of each author and check that all names are accurately spelled. You can add your name between parentheses in your own script behind the English transliteration. Present the authors' affiliation addresses (where the actual work was done) below the names. Indicate all affiliations with a lower-case superscript letter immediately after the author's name and in front of the appropriate address. Provide the full postal address of each affiliation, including the country name and, if available, the e-mail address of each author.
• Corresponding author. Clearly indicate who will handle correspondence at all stages of refereeing and publication, also post-publication. This responsibility includes answering any future queries about Methodology and Materials. Ensure that the e-mail address is given and that contact details are kept up to date by the corresponding author.
• Present/permanent address. If an author has moved since the work described in the article was done, or was visiting at the time, a 'Present address' (or 'Permanent address') may be indicated as a footnote to that author's name. The address at which the author actually did the work must be retained as the main, affiliation address. Superscript Arabic numerals are used for such footnotes.

• 标题。简洁而富有信息。标题通常用于信息检索系统。在可能的情况下，避免使用缩写和公式。

• 作者姓名和单位。请清楚地指明每位作者的名字和姓氏，并检查所有姓名的拼写是否准确。您可以在英文音译后用括号括起来加上您自己脚本中的名字。在作者姓名下方列出作者的工作单位地址（实际工作地点）。在作者的名字后面和适当的地址前面，用小写的上标字母标明所有工作单位。提供每个工作单位的完整邮政地址，包括国家名称，如果可能的话，提供每位作者的电子邮件地址。

• 通讯作者。清楚地指明谁将在所有评审和出版阶段以及出版后处理通信。这个责任包括回答关于方法和材料的任何未来查询。确保提供电子邮件地址，并由通讯作者保持联系方式的最新状态。

• 现在/永久地址。如果作者在文章描述的工作完成后搬家了，或者在完成工作时在其他地方访问，可以在该作者的名字下方的脚注中注明“现在地址”（或“永久地址”）。作者实际完成工作的地址必须保留为主要的工作单位地址。这类脚注使用上标的阿拉伯数字。

Highlights

Highlights are optional yet highly encouraged for this journal, as they increase the discoverability of your article via search engines. They consist of a short collection of bullet points that capture the novel results of your research as well as new methods that were used during the study (if any). Please have a look at the example Highlights.

Highlights should be submitted in a separate editable file in the online submission system. Please use 'Highlights' in the file name and include 3 to 5 bullet points (maximum 85 characters, including spaces, per bullet point).

要点（Highlights）对于这个期刊是可选的，但强烈鼓励提供，因为它们可以通过搜索引擎增加文章的可发现性。要点包括一组简短的项目符号，概括了研究的新结果以及在研究中使用的新方法（如果有的话）。请查看示例要点。

要点应该以一个单独的可编辑文件的形式提交到在线提交系统中。请在文件名中使用“Highlights”，并包括3到5个要点（每个要点最多85个字符，包括空格）。

Abstract

A concise and factual abstract is required. The abstract should state briefly the purpose of the research, the principal results and major conclusions. An abstract is often presented separately from the article, so it must be able to stand alone. For this reason, References should be avoided, but if essential, then cite the author(s) and year(s). Also, non-standard or uncommon abbreviations should be avoided, but if essential they must be defined at their first mention in the abstract itself.

需要提供一份简明扼要且实际的摘要。摘要应简要说明研究的目的、主要结果和主要结论。摘要通常与文章分开呈现，因此必须能够独立存在。出于这个原因，摘要中应避免参考文献，但如果必要，可以引用作者和年份。此外，应避免使用非标准或不常见的缩写，但如果必要，它们必须在摘要中首次提到时进行定义。

Keywords

Immediately after the abstract, provide a maximum of 6 keywords, using American spelling and avoiding general and plural terms and multiple concepts (avoid, for example, 'and', 'of'). Be sparing with abbreviations: only abbreviations firmly established in the field may be eligible. These keywords will be used for indexing purposes.

在摘要后立即提供最多6个关键词，使用美式拼写，避免使用一般性和复数概念，并且避免使用多个概念（例如，避免使用 'and'、'of'）。请谨慎使用缩写：只有在该领域中得到牢固确认的缩写才可能符合条件。这些关键词将用于索引的目的。

Acknowledgements

Collate acknowledgements in a separate section at the end of the article before the references and do not, therefore, include them on the title page, as a footnote to the title or otherwise. List here those individuals who provided help during the research (e.g., providing language help, writing assistance or proof reading the article, etc.).

将致谢单独整理在文章末尾的参考文献之前的一个部分，因此不要在标题页上、作为标题的脚注或其他方式包括在内。在这里列出在研究过程中提供帮助的个人（例如，提供语言帮助、写作帮助或校对文章等）。

Formatting of funding sources

List funding sources in this standard way to facilitate compliance to funder's requirements:

Funding: This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]; the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA [grant number zzzz]; and the United States Institutes of Peace [grant number aaaa].

It is not necessary to include detailed descriptions on the program or type of grants and awards. When funding is from a block grant or other resources available to a university, college, or other research institution, submit the name of the institute or organization that provided the funding.

If no funding has been provided for the research, it is recommended to include the following sentence:

This research did not receive any specific grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or not-for-profit sectors.

按照标准方式列出资助来源，以便符合资助方的要求：

资助：本研究得到了美国国立卫生研究院的支持 [grant numbers xxxx, yyyy]；比尔及梅林达·盖茨基金会，华盛顿州西雅图 [grant number zzzz]；以及美国和平研究所 [grant number aaaa] 的支持。

无需详细描述资助的项目或奖项的类型。当资金来自于大学、学院或其他研究机构的总额拨款或其他资源时，请提供提供资金的机构或组织的名称。

如果研究没有得到任何公共、商业或非盈利部门的资助，建议包含以下句子：本研究没有受到来自公共、商业或非盈利部门的任何特定资助。

Units

Follow internationally accepted rules and conventions: use the international system of units (SI). If other units are mentioned, please give their equivalent in SI.

遵循国际上通用的规则和约定：使用国际单位制（SI）。如果提到其他单位，请提供它们相应的国际单位制的等价值。

math formulae

Present simple formulae in the line of normal text where possible and use the solidus (/) instead of a horizontal line for small fractional terms, e.g., X/Y. In principle, variables are to be presented in italics. Powers of e are often more conveniently denoted by exp. Number consecutively any equations that have to be displayed separately from the text (if referred to explicitly in the text).
Note: When uploading a Word 2007 file containing mathematical equations, please check and make sure that the mathematical equations are properly processed when generating the PDF. If they are not, check out the instructions described on Error - Elsevier Support Center

尽可能将简单的公式呈现在正常文本行中，并使用斜线（/）代替水平线表示小的分数项，例如，X/Y。原则上，变量应以斜体呈现。e的次方通常更方便用exp表示。任何必须与文本分开显示的方程式都应按顺序编号（如果在文本中明确引用）。

注意：上传包含数学方程的Word 2007文件时，请检查并确保在生成PDF时数学方程被正确处理。如果没有被正确处理，请查看 Error - Elsevier Support Center 上描述的说明。

Footnotes

Footnotes should be used sparingly. Number them consecutively throughout the article. Many word processors can build footnotes into the text, and this feature may be used. Otherwise, please indicate the position of footnotes in the text and list the footnotes themselves separately at the end of the article. Do not include footnotes in the Reference list.

应该谨慎使用脚注。在整篇文章中连续编号。许多文字处理软件可以将脚注嵌入到文本中，可以使用此功能。否则，请在文本中指示脚注的位置，并将脚注单独列在文章的末尾。不要在参考文献列表中包含脚注。

Artwork

Electronic artwork
General points
• Make sure you use uniform lettering and sizing of your original artwork.
• Embed the used fonts if the application provides that option.
• Aim to use the following fonts in your illustrations: Arial, Courier, Times New Roman, Symbol, or use fonts that look similar.
• Number the illustrations according to their sequence in the text.
• Use a logical naming convention for your artwork files.
• Provide captions to illustrations separately.
• Size the illustrations close to the desired dimensions of the published version.
• Submit each illustration as a separate file.
• Ensure that color images are accessible to all, including those with impaired color vision.

A detailed guide on electronic artwork is available.
You are urged to visit this site; some excerpts from the detailed information are given here.
Formats
If your electronic artwork is created in a Microsoft Office application (Word, PowerPoint, Excel) then please supply 'as is' in the native document format.
Regardless of the application used other than Microsoft Office, when your electronic artwork is finalized, please 'Save as' or convert the images to one of the following formats (note the resolution requirements for line drawings, halftones, and line/halftone combinations given below):
EPS (or PDF): Vector drawings, embed all used fonts.
TIFF (or JPEG): Color or grayscale photographs (halftones), keep to a minimum of 300 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Bitmapped (pure black & white pixels) line drawings, keep to a minimum of 1000 dpi.
TIFF (or JPEG): Combinations bitmapped line/half-tone (color or grayscale), keep to a minimum of 500 dpi.
Please do not:
• Supply files that are optimized for screen use (e.g., GIF, BMP, PICT, WPG); these typically have a low number of pixels and limited set of colors;
• Supply files that are too low in resolution;
• Submit graphics that are disproportionately large for the content.

Color artwork
Please make sure that artwork files are in an acceptable format (TIFF (or JPEG), EPS (or PDF) or MS Office files) and with the correct resolution. If, together with your accepted article, you submit usable color figures then Elsevier will ensure, at no additional charge, that these figures will appear in color online (e.g., ScienceDirect and other sites) in addition to color reproduction in print. Further information on the preparation of electronic artwork.

Figure captions
Ensure that each illustration has a caption. Supply captions separately, not attached to the figure. A caption should comprise a brief title (not on the figure itself) and a description of the illustration. Keep text in the illustrations themselves to a minimum but explain all symbols and abbreviations used.

电子艺术品 一般要点 • 确保您的原始艺术品具有统一的字母和大小。 • 如果应用程序提供该选项，请嵌入所使用的字体。 • 力求在插图中使用以下字体：Arial、Courier、Times New Roman、Symbol，或使用外观相似的字体。 • 根据文本中的顺序编号插图。 • 使用合理的命名约定为您的艺术品文件。 • 为插图提供单独的标题。 • 将插图的尺寸调整到期望的出版版本尺寸附近。 • 将每个插图提交为单独的文件。 • 确保所有人，包括那些有色觉障碍的人，都可以访问彩色图像。 有关电子艺术的详细指南可在此处找到。 请访问该站点；以下是详细信息的一些摘录。 格式 如果您的电子艺术品是在Microsoft Office应用程序（Word、PowerPoint、Excel）中创建的，请以本机文档格式提供“原样”。 除了Microsoft Office之外的任何应用程序，当您的电子艺术品完成时，请“另存为”或将图像转换为以下格式之一（请注意以下线描图、调图和线/调图组合的分辨率要求）： EPS（或PDF）：矢量图，嵌入所有使用的字体。 TIFF（或JPEG）：彩色或灰度照片（调图），最小分辨率为300 dpi。 TIFF（或JPEG）：位图（纯黑白像素）线描图，最小分辨率为1000 dpi。 TIFF（或JPEG）：组合的位图线/半调（彩色或灰度），最小分辨率为500 dpi。 请不要： • 提供为屏幕使用优化的文件（例如，GIF、BMP、PICT、WPG）；这些文件通常具有较低数量的像素和有限的颜色集； • 提供分辨率过低的文件； • 提交与内容不成比例的图形。

彩色艺术品 请确保艺术品文件采用可接受的格式（TIFF（或JPEG）、EPS（或PDF）或MS Office文件）并具有正确的分辨率。如果您连同接受的文章提交可用的彩色图，则Elsevier将确保以不收取额外费用的方式使这些图在在线（例如，ScienceDirect和其他网站）以彩色形式显示，以及在印刷品中进行彩色复制。有关电子艺术品准备的更多信息。

图注 确保每幅插图都有图注。单独提供图注，不要附在图上。图注应包括一个简短的标题（不在图上）和插图的描述。在插图中保持文本的最小化，但解释使用的所有符号和缩写。

Tables

Please submit tables as editable text and not as images. Tables can be placed either next to the relevant text in the article, or on separate page(s) at the end. Number tables consecutively in accordance with their appearance in the text and place any table notes below the table body. Be sparing in the use of tables and ensure that the data presented in them do not duplicate results described elsewhere in the article. Please avoid using vertical rules and shading in table cells.

请将表格提交为可编辑的文本，而不是图像。表格可以放在文章中相关的文本旁边，也可以放在文章末尾的单独页面上。按照它们在文中出现的顺序连续编号表格，并将任何表格注释放在表格正文下方。在使用表格时要节制，并确保其中呈现的数据不会与文章中其他地方描述的结果重复。请避免在表格单元中使用垂直线和底纹。

References

Citation in text
Please ensure that every reference cited in the text is also present in the reference list (and vice versa). Any references cited in the abstract must be given in full. Unpublished results and personal communications are not recommended in the reference list, but may be mentioned in the text. If these references are included in the reference list they should follow the standard reference style of the journal and should include a substitution of the publication date with either 'Unpublished results' or 'Personal communication'. Citation of a reference as 'in press' implies that the item has been accepted for publication.

Reference links
Increased discoverability of research and high quality peer review are ensured by online links to the sources cited. In order to allow us to create links to abstracting and indexing services, such as Scopus, Crossref and PubMed, please ensure that data provided in the references are correct. Please note that incorrect surnames, journal/book titles, publication year and pagination may prevent link creation. When copying references, please be careful as they may already contain errors. Use of the DOI is highly encouraged.

A DOI is guaranteed never to change, so you can use it as a permanent link to any electronic article. An example of a citation using DOI for an article not yet in an issue is: VanDecar J.C., Russo R.M., James D.E., Ambeh W.B., Franke M. (2003). Aseismic continuation of the Lesser Antilles slab beneath northeastern Venezuela. Journal of Geophysical Research, https://doi.org/10.1029/2001JB000884. Please note the format of such citations should be in the same style as all other references in the paper.

Web references
As a minimum, the full URL should be given and the date when the reference was last accessed. Any further information, if known (DOI, author names, dates, reference to a source publication, etc.), should also be given. Web references can be listed separately (e.g., after the reference list) under a different heading if desired, or can be included in the reference list.

Data references
This journal encourages you to cite underlying or relevant datasets in your manuscript by citing them in your text and including a data reference in your Reference List. Data references should include the following elements: author name(s), dataset title, data repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier. Add [dataset] immediately before the reference so we can properly identify it as a data reference. The [dataset] identifier will not appear in your published article.

Reference to software
We recommend that software (including computational code, scripts, models, notebooks and libraries) should be cited in the same way as other sources of information to support proper attribution and credit, reproducibility, collaboration and reuse, and encourage building on the work of others to further research. To facilitate this, useful information is provided in this article on the essentials of software citation by FORCE 11, of which Elsevier is a member. A reference to software should always include the following elements: creator(s) e.g. the authors or project that developed the software, software title, software repository, version (where available), year, and global persistent identifier.

Preprint references
Where a preprint has subsequently become available as a peer-reviewed publication, the formal publication should be used as the reference. If there are preprints that are central to your work or that cover crucial developments in the topic, but are not yet formally published, these may be referenced. Preprints should be clearly marked as such, for example by including the word preprint, or the name of the preprint server, as part of the reference. The preprint DOI should also be provided.

References in a special issue
Please ensure that the words 'this issue' are added to any references in the list (and any citations in the text) to other articles in the same Special Issue.

Reference management software
Most Elsevier journals have their reference template available in many of the most popular reference management software products. These include all products that support Citation Style Language styles, such as Mendeley. Using citation plug-ins from these products, authors only need to select the appropriate journal template when preparing their article, after which citations and bibliographies will be automatically formatted in the journal's style. If no template is yet available for this journal, please follow the format of the sample references and citations as shown in this Guide. If you use reference management software, please ensure that you remove all field codes before submitting the electronic manuscript. More information on how to remove field codes from different reference management software.

Reference formatting
There are no strict requirements on reference formatting at submission. References can be in any style or format as long as the style is consistent. Where applicable, author(s) name(s), journal title/book title, chapter title/article title, year of publication, volume number/book chapter and the article number or pagination must be present. Use of DOI is highly encouraged. The reference style used by the journal will be applied to the accepted article by Elsevier at the proof stage. Note that missing data will be highlighted at proof stage for the author to correct. If you do wish to format the references yourself they should be arranged according to the following examples:

Reference style
Text: Indicate references by number(s) in square brackets in line with the text. The actual authors can be referred to, but the reference number(s) must always be given.
Example: '..... as demonstrated [3,6]. Barnaby and Jones [8] obtained a different result ....'
List: Number the references (numbers in square brackets) in the list in the order in which they appear in the text.

[1] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, The art of writing a scientific article, J. Sci. Commun. 163 (2010) 51–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.Sc.2010.00372.
Reference to a journal publication with an article number:
[2] J. van der Geer, J.A.J. Hanraads, R.A. Lupton, 2018. The art of writing a scientific article. Heliyon. 19, e00205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2018.e00205.
Reference to a book:
[3] W. Strunk Jr., E.B. White, The Elements of Style, fourth ed., Longman, New York, 2000.
Reference to a chapter in an edited book:
[4] G.R. Mettam, L.B. Adams, How to prepare an electronic version of your article, in: B.S. Jones, R.Z. Smith (Eds.), Introduction to the Electronic Age, E-Publishing Inc., New York, 2009, pp. 281–304.
Reference to a website:
[5] Cancer Research UK, Cancer statistics reports for the UK. http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/aboutcancer/statistics/cancerstatsreport/, 2003 (accessed 13 March 2003).
Reference to a dataset:
[dataset] [6] M. Oguro, S. Imahiro, S. Saito, T. Nakashizuka, Mortality data for Japanese oak wilt disease and surrounding forest compositions, Mendeley Data, v1, 2015. https://doi.org/10.17632/xwj98nb39r.1.
Reference to software:
[7] E. Coon, M. Berndt, A. Jan, D. Svyatsky, A. Atchley, E. Kikinzon, D. Harp, G. Manzini, E. Shelef, K. Lipnikov, R. Garimella, C. Xu, D. Moulton, S. Karra, S. Painter, E. Jafarov, S. Molins, Advanced Terrestrial Simulator (ATS) v0.88 (Version 0.88), Zenodo, March 25, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3727209.

在文中引用的每个参考文献必须在参考文献列表中出现（反之亦然）。摘要中引用的任何参考文献必须完整给出。不建议在参考文献列表中列出未发表的结果和个人通信，但可以在文本中提及。如果这些引用包含在参考文献列表中，它们应该遵循期刊的标准参考文献风格，并应包括将出版日期替换为“未发表的结果”或“个人通信”的方式。将引用标记为“印刷中”意味着该项已被接受发表。

引用链接 通过在线链接到引文的来源，可以确保研究的发现性和高质量的同行评审。为了让我们能够创建到文摘和索引服务（如Scopus、Crossref和PubMed）的链接，请确保参考文献中提供的数据是正确的。请注意，不正确的姓氏、期刊/书名、出版年和分页可能会阻止链接的创建。在复制引用时，请小心，因为它们可能已经包含错误。强烈建议使用DOI。

网络参考文献 至少应提供完整的URL和引用参考的最后访问日期。如果已知其他信息（DOI、作者姓名、日期、对来源出版物的引用等），也应提供。如果需要，网络参考文献可以单独列出（例如，在参考文献列表后面）并使用不同的标题，也可以包含在参考文献列表中。

数据参考 本期刊鼓励您通过在文中引用底层或相关数据集并在参考文献列表中包含数据引用来引用您的手稿。数据引用应包括以下要素：作者姓名、数据集标题、数据存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全球持久标识符。在引用之前，请在引文之前加上[数据集]，以便我们能够正确识别它作为数据引用。[数据集]标识符不会出现在您的已发表文章中。

软件引用 我们建议将软件（包括计算代码、脚本、模型、笔记本和库）引用为其他信息来源的同样方式，以支持正确的归因和信用、可重复性、协作和重用，并鼓励在其他人的工作基础上进行研究。为了便于此，Elsevier是FORCE 11的成员，提供了有关软件引用基本信息的这篇文章。引用软件应始终包括以下要素：创建者（例如开发软件的作者或项目）、软件标题、软件存储库、版本（如果可用）、年份和全球持久标识符。

预印本引用 如果预印本后来已经作为同行评审的发表物可用，应使用正式发表物作为引用。如果有关键性的预印本与您的工作有关或涵盖了主题的关键发展，但尚未正式发表，那么这些可能会被引用。预印本应清晰地标记为预印本，例如通过包含单词“预印本”或预印本服务器的名称作为引用的一部分。还应提供预印本DOI。

特刊中的参考文献 请确保在列表中的其他文章的参考文献（和文本中的任何引文）后添加“本期刊”一词。

参考文献管理软件 大多数Elsevier期刊在许多最流行的参考文献管理软件产品中都提供了其参考文献模板。这些产品包括支持Citation Style Language样式的所有产品，例如Mendeley。使用这些产品的引文插件时，作者只需在准备文章时选择适当的期刊模板，之后引文和参考文献将自动以期刊的样式格式化。如果此期刊尚无模板，请按照本指南中所示的示例引用和引文的格式。如果使用参考文献管理软件，请确保在提交电子手稿之前删除所有字段代码。有关如何从不同的参考文

Journal abbreviations source
Journal names should be abbreviated according to the List of Title Word Abbreviations.

期刊名称的缩写应根据《标题词缩写表》进行。

Video

Elsevier accepts video material and animation sequences to support and enhance your scientific research. Authors who have video or animation files that they wish to submit with their article are strongly encouraged to include links to these within the body of the article. This can be done in the same way as a figure or table by referring to the video or animation content and noting in the body text where it should be placed. All submitted files should be properly labeled so that they directly relate to the video file's content. In order to ensure that your video or animation material is directly usable, please provide the file in one of our recommended file formats with a preferred maximum size of 150 MB per file, 1 GB in total. Video and animation files supplied will be published online in the electronic version of your article in Elsevier Web products, including ScienceDirect. Please supply 'stills' with your files: you can choose any frame from the video or animation or make a separate image. These will be used instead of standard icons and will personalize the link to your video data. For more detailed instructions please visit our video instruction pages. Note: since video and animation cannot be embedded in the print version of the journal, please provide text for both the electronic and the print version for the portions of the article that refer to this content.

Elsevier允许提交视频材料和动画序列以支持和增强科学研究。希望在文章中提交视频或动画文件的作者强烈建议在文章正文中包含这些链接。这可以通过引用视频或动画内容并在正文中注明其放置位置的方式完成，类似于插入图表或表格。所有提交的文件都应正确标记，以使其直接与视频文件的内容相关。为确保您的视频或动画材料能够直接使用，请以我们推荐的文件格式之一提供文件，每个文件的最大大小为150 MB，总大小为1 GB。提供的视频和动画文件将以在线方式发布在您文章的电子版本中，包括ScienceDirect等Elsevier Web产品。请为您的文件提供“静态图像”：您可以从视频或动画中选择任何一帧或制作一个单独的图像。这将用于替代标准图标，并将个性化链接到您的视频数据。有关更详细的说明，请访问我们的视频说明页面。请注意：由于视频和动画无法嵌入期刊的印刷版本，请为涉及这些内容的文章部分同时为电子版和印刷版提供文本。

Data visualization

Include interactive data visualizations in your publication and let your readers interact and engage more closely with your research. Follow the instructions here to find out about available data visualization options and how to include them with your article.

在您的出版物中包含交互式数据可视化，让读者与您的研究更紧密地互动和参与。请按照此处的说明查看可用的数据可视化选项以及如何将其与您的文章一起使用。

Supplementary material

Supplementary material such as applications, images and sound clips, can be published with your article to enhance it. Submitted supplementary items are published exactly as they are received (Excel or PowerPoint files will appear as such online). Please submit your material together with the article and supply a concise, descriptive caption for each supplementary file. If you wish to make changes to supplementary material during any stage of the process, please make sure to provide an updated file. Do not annotate any corrections on a previous version. Please switch off the 'Track Changes' option in Microsoft Office files as these will appear in the published version.

可以随文章一起发表补充材料，如应用程序、图像和音频剪辑，以增强文章的内容。提交的补充项目将原样发布（Excel 或 PowerPoint 文件将在线显示为原始文件）。请随文章一起提交您的材料，并为每个补充文件提供简洁明了的说明性标题。如果您在任何阶段希望对补充材料进行更改，请确保提供更新后的文件。请不要在之前的版本上注释任何更正。请关闭 Microsoft Office 文件中的“修订”选项，因为这些内容将出现在已发布的版本中。

Research data

This journal requires and enables you to share data that supports your research publication where appropriate, and enables you to interlink the data with your published articles. Research data refers to the results of observations or experimentation that validate research findings, which may also include software, code, models, algorithms, protocols, methods and other useful materials related to the project.

Below are a number of ways in which you can associate data with your article or make a statement about the availability of your data when submitting your manuscript. When sharing data in one of these ways, you are expected to cite the data in your manuscript and reference list. Please refer to the "References" section for more information about data citation. For more information on depositing, sharing and using research data and other relevant research materials, visit the research data page.

这本期刊要求并支持您在适当的情况下分享支持您研究发表的数据，并使您能够将数据与已发表的文章进行关联。研究数据指的是验证研究结果的观察或实验结果，其中可能还包括与项目相关的软件、代码、模型、算法、协议、方法和其他有用的材料。

在提交稿件时，您可以通过以下几种方式之一将数据与文章关联或说明您的数据可用性。在以这些方式之一分享数据时，您应在稿件和参考文献中引用这些数据。有关数据引用的更多信息，请参阅“参考文献”部分。有关存储、共享和使用研究数据和其他相关研究材料的更多信息，请访问研究数据页面。

Data linking

If you have made your research data available in a data repository, you can link your article directly to the dataset. Elsevier collaborates with a number of repositories to link articles on ScienceDirect with relevant repositories, giving readers access to underlying data that gives them a better understanding of the research described.

There are different ways to link your datasets to your article. When available, you can directly link your dataset to your article by providing the relevant information in the submission system. For more information, visit the database linking page.

For supported data repositories a repository banner will automatically appear next to your published article on ScienceDirect.

In addition, you can link to relevant data or entities through identifiers within the text of your manuscript, using the following format: Database: xxxx (e.g., TAIR: AT1G01020; CCDC: 734053; PDB: 1XFN).

如果您已将研究数据存储在数据存储库中，您可以直接将文章链接到数据集。Elsevier 与许多存储库合作，在 ScienceDirect 上将文章与相关存储库链接起来，使读者能够访问底层数据，更好地理解所描述的研究。

有多种方式可以将数据集链接到您的文章。如果可用，您可以通过在提交系统中提供相关信息直接将数据集链接到您的文章。有关更多信息，请访问数据库链接页面。

对于受支持的数据存储库，在 ScienceDirect 上发布的文章旁边将自动出现存储库横幅。

此外，您还可以通过手稿文本中的标识符链接到相关数据或实体，使用以下格式：数据库：xxxx（例如，TAIR：AT1G01020；CCDC：734053；PDB：1XFN）。

Data statement

To foster transparency, we require you to state the availability of your data in your submission if your data is unavailable to access or unsuitable to post. This may also be a requirement of your funding body or institution. You will have the opportunity to provide a data statement during the submission process. The statement will appear with your published article on ScienceDirect. For more information, visit the Data Statement page..

为了促进透明度，如果您的数据无法访问或不适合发布，我们要求您在提交时说明数据的可用性。这也可能是您的资助机构或机构的要求。您将在提交过程中有机会提供数据声明。该声明将与您在 ScienceDirect 上发表的文章一起显示。有关更多信息，请访问数据声明页面。

 After acceptance

Online proof correction

To ensure a fast publication process of the article, we kindly ask authors to provide us with their proof corrections within two days. Corresponding authors will receive an e-mail with a link to our online proofing system, allowing annotation and correction of proofs online. The environment is similar to MS Word: in addition to editing text, you can also comment on figures/tables and answer questions from the Copy Editor. Web-based proofing provides a faster and less error-prone process by allowing you to directly type your corrections, eliminating the potential introduction of errors.
If preferred, you can still choose to annotate and upload your edits on the PDF version. All instructions for proofing will be given in the e-mail we send to authors, including alternative methods to the online version and PDF.
We will do everything possible to get your article published quickly and accurately. Please use this proof only for checking the typesetting, editing, completeness and correctness of the text, tables and figures. Significant changes to the article as accepted for publication will only be considered at this stage with permission from the Editor. It is important to ensure that all corrections are sent back to us in one communication. Please check carefully before replying, as inclusion of any subsequent corrections cannot be guaranteed. Proofreading is solely your responsibility.

Offprints

The corresponding author will, at no cost, receive a customized Share Link providing 50 days free access to the final published version of the article on ScienceDirect. The Share Link can be used for sharing the article via any communication channel, including email and social media. For an extra charge, paper offprints can be ordered via the offprint order form which is sent once the article is accepted for publication. Corresponding authors who have published their article gold open access do not receive a Share Link as their final published version of the article is available open access on ScienceDirect and can be shared through the article DOI link

在线校对

为确保文章的快速出版流程，我们诚邀作者在两天内提供校对意见。通讯作者将收到一封电子邮件，其中包含一个链接到我们在线校对系统的链接，允许您在线注释和更正校样。这个环境类似于MS Word：除了编辑文本之外，您还可以对图表进行注释并回答编辑的问题。基于Web的校对通过允许您直接键入更正来提供更快速且更少出错的过程，从而消除了引入错误的潜在可能性。如果愿意，您仍然可以选择在PDF版本上注释和上传您的编辑。我们将在发送给作者的电子邮件中提供所有校对说明，包括在线版本和PDF的备用方法。我们将尽一切可能确保您的文章迅速而准确地发表。请仅使用此校对检查文本、表格和图表的排版、编辑、完整性和正确性。仅在获得编辑许可的情况下才会考虑对已接受发表的文章进行重大更改。确保将所有更正一次性发送给我们非常重要。在回复之前请仔细检查，因为我们不能保证包含任何后续更正。校对是您个人的责任。

正文

通讯作者将免费收到一个定制的共享链接，为文章在ScienceDirect上的最终发表版本提供50天的免费访问。该共享链接可用于通过任何通信渠道，包括电子邮件和社交媒体，分享文章。对于额外收费，可以通过发表文章后发送的印刷单订单形式订购印刷的文章。通过金色开放获取发表文章的通讯作者将不会收到共享链接，因为他们的文章的最终发表版本可以在ScienceDirect上开放获取，并可以通过文章DOI链接进行分享。