webpack开发环境

文章目录

  • 前言
  • webpack.config.js
  • 使用 source map
    • webpack.config.js
    • src/print.js
  • 选择一个开发工具
    • 使用 watch mode(观察模式)
    • package.json
    • src/print.js
    • 使用 webpack-dev-server
    • webpack.config.js
  • package.json
    • 使用 webpack-dev-middleware
    • project
    • server.js
    • package.json
    • package.json
    • package.json
  • 调整文本编辑器
  • 后言

前言

hello world欢迎来到前端的新世界


当前文章系列专栏:webpack
‍博主在前端领域还有很多知识和技术需要掌握,正在不断努力填补技术短板。(如果出现错误,感谢大家指出)
感谢大家支持!您的观看就是作者创作的动力

webpack.config.js

在开始前,我们先将 mode 设置为 ‘development’,并将 title 设置为 ‘Development’。

 const path = require('path');
 const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

 module.exports = {
+  mode: 'development',
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
   plugins: [
     new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
-      title: 'Output Management',
+      title: 'Development',
     }),
   ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
     clean: true,
   },
 };

使用 source map

webpack 打包源代码时,可能会很难追踪到 error(错误) 和 warning(警告) 在源代码中的原始位置。例如,如果将三个源文件(a.js, b.js 和 c.js)打包到一个 bundle(bundle.js)中,而其中一个源文件包含一个错误,那么堆栈跟踪就会直接指向到 bundle.js。你可能需要准确地知道错误来自于哪个源文件,所以这种提示这通常不会提供太多帮助。

为了更容易地追踪error warningJavaScript 提供了 source maps 功能,可以将编译后的代码映射回原始源代码。如果一个错误来自于 b.js,source map 就会明确的告诉你。

source map 有许多 可用选项,请务必仔细阅读它们,以便可以根据需要进行配置。

对于本指南,我们将使用 inline-source-map 选项,这有助于解释说明示例意图(此配置仅用于示例,不要用于生产环境)

webpack.config.js

 const path = require('path');
 const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

 module.exports = {
   mode: 'development',
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
+  devtool: 'inline-source-map',
   plugins: [
     new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
       title: 'Development',
     }),
   ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
     clean: true,
   },
 };

现在,让我们来做一些调试,在 print.js 文件中生成一个错误:

src/print.js

 export default function printMe() {
-  console.log('I get called from print.js!');
+  cosnole.log('I get called from print.js!');
 }

运行 npm run build,编译如下:

...
[webpack-cli] Compilation finished
asset index.bundle.js 1.38 MiB [emitted] (name: index)
asset print.bundle.js 6.25 KiB [emitted] (name: print)
asset index.html 272 bytes [emitted]
runtime modules 1.9 KiB 9 modules
cacheable modules 530 KiB
  ./src/index.js 406 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./src/print.js 83 bytes [built] [code generated]
  ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 530 KiB [built] [code generated]
webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 706 ms

现在,在浏览器中打开生成的 index.html 文件,点击按钮,并且在控制台查看显示的错误。错误应该如下:

Uncaught ReferenceError: cosnole is not defined
   at HTMLButtonElement.printMe (print.js:2)

我们可以看到,此错误包含有发生错误的文件(print.js)和行号(2)的引用。这是非常有帮助的,因为现在我们可以确切地知道,所要解决问题的位置。

选择一个开发工具

Warning
某些文本编辑器具有 “safe write(安全写入)” 功能,可能会干扰下面一些工具。阅读 调整文本编辑器 以解决这些问题。
在每次编译代码时,手动运行 npm run build 会显得很麻烦。

webpack 提供几种可选方式,帮助你在代码发生变化后自动编译代码:

  1. webpack’s Watch Mode
  2. webpack-dev-server
  3. webpack-dev-middleware
    多数场景中,你可能需要使用 webpack-dev-server,但是不妨探讨一下以上的所有选项。

使用 watch mode(观察模式)

你可以指示 webpack “watch” 依赖图中所有文件的更改。如果其中一个文件被更新,代码将被重新编译,所以你不必再去手动运行整个构建。

我们添加一个用于启动 webpack watch mode 的 npm scripts:

package.json

 {
   "name": "webpack-demo",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
+    "watch": "webpack --watch",
     "build": "webpack"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
     "webpack": "^5.4.0",
     "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "lodash": "^4.17.20"
   }
 }

现在,你可以在命令行中运行 npm run watch,然后就会看到 webpack 是如何编译代码。 然而,你会发现并没有退出命令行。这是因为此 script 当前还在 watch 你的文件。

现在,webpack 观察文件的同时,先移除我们之前加入的错误:

src/print.js

 export default function printMe() {
-  cosnole.log('I get called from print.js!');
+  console.log('I get called from print.js!');
 }

使用 webpack-dev-server

webpack-dev-server 为你提供了一个基本的 web server,并且具有 live reloading(实时重新加载) 功能。设置如下:

npm install --save-dev webpack-dev-server

修改配置文件,告知 dev server,从什么位置查找文件:

 const path = require('path');
 const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

 module.exports = {
   mode: 'development',
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
   devtool: 'inline-source-map',
+  devServer: {
+    static: './dist',
+  },
   plugins: [
     new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
       title: 'Development',
     }),
   ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
     clean: true,
   },
+  optimization: {
+    runtimeChunk: 'single',
+  },
 };

以上配置告知 webpack-dev-server,将 dist 目录下的文件 serve 到 localhost:8080 下。(译注:serve,将资源作为 server 的可访问文件)

webpack.config.js

Tip
因为在这个示例中单个 HTML 页面有多个入口,所以添加了 optimization.runtimeChunk: 'single' 配置。没有这个配置的话,我们可能会遇到 这个问题。 查看 代码分割 章节获取更多细节。

Tip
webpack-dev-server 会从output.path中定义的目录中的 bundle 文件提供服务,即文件将可以通过 http://[devServer.host]:[devServer.port]/[output.publicPath]/[output.filename] 进行访问。

Warning
webpack-dev-server 在编译之后不会写入到任何输出文件。而是将 bundle 文件保留在内存中,然后将它们 serve 到 server 中,就好像它们是挂载在 server 根路径上的真实文件一样。如果你的页面希望在其他不同路径中找到 bundle 文件,则可以通过dev server配置中的 devMiddleware.publicPath 选项进行修改。

我们添加一个可以直接运行 dev server 的 script:

package.json

 {
   "name": "webpack-demo",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
     "watch": "webpack --watch",
+    "start": "webpack serve --open",
     "build": "webpack"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
     "webpack": "^5.4.0",
     "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0",
     "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "lodash": "^4.17.20"
   }
 }

现在,在命令行中运行 npm start,我们会看到浏览器自动加载页面。如果你更改任何源文件并保存它们,web server 将在编译代码后自动重新加载。试试看!

webpack-dev-server 具有许多可配置的选项。关于其他更多配置,请查看 配置文档。

Tip
现在,server 正在运行,你可能需要尝试 模块热替换(hot module replacement)!

使用 webpack-dev-middleware

webpack-dev-middleware 是一个封装器(wrapper),它可以把 webpack 处理过的文件发送到一个 serverwebpack-dev-server 在内部使用了它,然而它也可以作为一个单独的 package 来使用,以便根据需求进行更多自定义设置。下面是一个webpack-dev-middleware配合 express server 的示例。

首先,安装 expresswebpack-dev-middleware

npm install --save-dev express webpack-dev-middleware

现在,我们需要调整 webpack 配置文件,以确保 middleware(中间件) 功能能够正确启用:

webpack.config.js

 const path = require('path');
 const HtmlWebpackPlugin = require('html-webpack-plugin');

 module.exports = {
   mode: 'development',
   entry: {
     index: './src/index.js',
     print: './src/print.js',
   },
   devtool: 'inline-source-map',
   devServer: {
     static: './dist',
   },
   plugins: [
     new HtmlWebpackPlugin({
       title: 'Development',
     }),
   ],
   output: {
     filename: '[name].bundle.js',
     path: path.resolve(__dirname, 'dist'),
     clean: true,
+    publicPath: '/',
   },
 };

我们将会在 server 脚本使用 publicPath,以确保文件资源能够正确地 serve 在 http://localhost:3000 下,稍后我们会指定 port number(端口号)。接下来是设置自定义 express server

project

  webpack-demo
  |- package.json
  |- package-lock.json
  |- webpack.config.js
+ |- server.js
  |- /dist
  |- /src
    |- index.js
    |- print.js
  |- /node_modules

server.js

const express = require('express');
const webpack = require('webpack');
const webpackDevMiddleware = require('webpack-dev-middleware');

const app = express();
const config = require('./webpack.config.js');
const compiler = webpack(config);

// 告知 express 使用 webpack-dev-middleware,
// 以及将 webpack.config.js 配置文件作为基础配置。
app.use(
  webpackDevMiddleware(compiler, {
    publicPath: config.output.publicPath,
  })
);

// 将文件 serve 到 port 3000。
app.listen(3000, function () {
  console.log('Example app listening on port 3000!\n');
});

现在,添加一个 npm script,以使我们更方便地运行 server:

package.json

 {
   "name": "webpack-demo",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
     "watch": "webpack --watch",
     "start": "webpack serve --open",
+    "server": "node server.js",
     "build": "webpack"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
     "express": "^4.17.1",
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
     "webpack": "^5.4.0",
     "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0",
     "webpack-dev-middleware": "^4.0.2",
     "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "lodash": "^4.17.20"
   }
 }

现在,添加一个 npm script,以使我们更方便地运行 server:

package.json

 {
   "name": "webpack-demo",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
     "watch": "webpack --watch",
     "start": "webpack serve --open",
+    "server": "node server.js",
     "build": "webpack"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
     "express": "^4.17.1",
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
     "webpack": "^5.4.0",
     "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0",
     "webpack-dev-middleware": "^4.0.2",
     "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "lodash": "^4.17.20"
   }
 }

现在,添加一个 npm script,以使我们更方便地运行 server:

package.json

 {
   "name": "webpack-demo",
   "version": "1.0.0",
   "description": "",
   "private": true,
   "scripts": {
     "test": "echo \"Error: no test specified\" && exit 1",
     "watch": "webpack --watch",
     "start": "webpack serve --open",
+    "server": "node server.js",
     "build": "webpack"
   },
   "keywords": [],
   "author": "",
   "license": "ISC",
   "devDependencies": {
     "express": "^4.17.1",
     "html-webpack-plugin": "^4.5.0",
     "webpack": "^5.4.0",
     "webpack-cli": "^4.2.0",
     "webpack-dev-middleware": "^4.0.2",
     "webpack-dev-server": "^3.11.0"
   },
   "dependencies": {
     "lodash": "^4.17.20"
   }
 }

现在,在 terminal(终端) 中执行 npm run server,将会有类似如下信息输出:

Example app listening on port 3000!
...
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] asset index.bundle.js 1.38 MiB [emitted] (name: index)
<i> asset print.bundle.js 6.25 KiB [emitted] (name: print)
<i> asset index.html 274 bytes [emitted]
<i> runtime modules 1.9 KiB 9 modules
<i> cacheable modules 530 KiB
<i>   ./src/index.js 406 bytes [built] [code generated]
<i>   ./src/print.js 83 bytes [built] [code generated]
<i>   ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 530 KiB [built] [code generated]
<i> webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 709 ms
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiled successfully.
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiling...
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] assets by status 1.38 MiB [cached] 2 assets
<i> cached modules 530 KiB (javascript) 1.9 KiB (runtime) [cached] 12 modules
<i> webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 19 ms
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiled successfully.

现在,在 terminal(终端) 中执行 npm run server,将会有类似如下信息输出:

Example app listening on port 3000!
...
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] asset index.bundle.js 1.38 MiB [emitted] (name: index)
<i> asset print.bundle.js 6.25 KiB [emitted] (name: print)
<i> asset index.html 274 bytes [emitted]
<i> runtime modules 1.9 KiB 9 modules
<i> cacheable modules 530 KiB
<i>   ./src/index.js 406 bytes [built] [code generated]
<i>   ./src/print.js 83 bytes [built] [code generated]
<i>   ./node_modules/lodash/lodash.js 530 KiB [built] [code generated]
<i> webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 709 ms
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiled successfully.
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiling...
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] assets by status 1.38 MiB [cached] 2 assets
<i> cached modules 530 KiB (javascript) 1.9 KiB (runtime) [cached] 12 modules
<i> webpack 5.4.0 compiled successfully in 19 ms
<i> [webpack-dev-middleware] Compiled successfully.

现在,打开浏览器,访问 http://localhost:3000。应该看到 webpack 应用程序已经运行!

调整文本编辑器

使用自动编译代码时,可能会在保存文件时遇到一些问题。某些编辑器具有 “safe write(安全写入)” 功能,会影响重新编译。

在一些常见的编辑器中禁用此功能,查看以下列表:

  • Sublime Text 3:在用户首选项(user preferences)中添加 atomic_save: ‘false’。
  • JetBrains IDEs (e.g. WebStorm):在 Preferences > Appearance & Behavior > System Settings 中取消选中 “Use safe write”。
  • Vim:在设置(settings)中增加 :set backupcopy=yes。

后言

创作不易,要是本文章对广大读者有那么一点点帮助 不妨三连支持一下,您的鼓励就是博主创作的动力

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