java中事务回滚吗_详解Java的JDBC API中事务的提交和回滚
如果JDBC连接是在自动提交模式下，它在默认情况下，那么每个SQL语句都是在其完成时提交到数据库。
这可能是对简单的应用程序，但有三个原因，你可能想关闭自动提交和管理自己的事务：
为了提高性能
为了保持业务流程的完整性
使用分布式事务
若要控制事务，以及何时更改应用到数据库。它把单个SQL语句或一组SQL语句作为一个逻辑单元，而且如果任何语句失败，整个事务失败。
若要启用，而不是JDBC驱动程序默认使用auto-commit模式手动事务支持，使用Connection对象的的setAutoCommit()方法。如果传递一个布尔值false到setAutoCommit()，关闭自动提交。可以传递一个布尔值true将其重新打开。
例如，如果有一个名为conn Connection对象，以下代码来关闭自动提交：
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
提交和回滚
一旦已经完成了变化，要提交更改，然后调用commit(在连接对象)方法，如下所示：
conn.commit( );
否则回滚更新对数据库所做的使用命名连接conn，使用下面的代码：
conn.rollback( );
下面的例子演示了如何使用一个提交和回滚对象：
try{
//Assume a valid connection object conn
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
Statement stmt = conn.createStatement();
String SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
"VALUES (106, 20, 'Rita', 'Tez')";
stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
//Submit a malformed SQL statement that breaks
String SQL = "INSERTED IN Employees " +
"VALUES (107, 22, 'Sita', 'Singh')";
stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
// If there is no error.
conn.commit();
}catch(SQLException se){
// If there is any error.
conn.rollback();
}
在这种情况下没有上述INSERT语句会成功，一切都将被回滚。
事务提交和回滚示例
以下是使用事务提交和回滚描述的例子。
基于对环境和数据库安装在前面的章节中做此示例代码已学习过。
复制过去下面的例子中JDBCExample.java，编译并运行，如下所示：
//STEP 1. Import required packages
import java.sql.*;
public class JDBCExample {
// JDBC driver name and database URL
static final String JDBC_DRIVER = "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver";
static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost/EMP";
// Database credentials
static final String USER = "username";
static final String PASS = "password";
public static void main(String[] args) {
Connection conn = null;
Statement stmt = null;
try{
//STEP 2: Register JDBC driver
Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver");
//STEP 3: Open a connection
System.out.println("Connecting to database...");
conn = DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL,USER,PASS);
//STEP 4: Set auto commit as false.
conn.setAutoCommit(false);
//STEP 5: Execute a query to create statment with
// required arguments for RS example.
System.out.println("Creating statement...");
stmt = conn.createStatement(
ResultSet.TYPE_SCROLL_INSENSITIVE,
ResultSet.CONCUR_UPDATABLE);
//STEP 6: INSERT a row into Employees table
System.out.println("Inserting one row....");
String SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
"VALUES (106, 20, 'Rita', 'Tez')";
stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
//STEP 7: INSERT one more row into Employees table
SQL = "INSERT INTO Employees " +
"VALUES (107, 22, 'Sita', 'Singh')";
stmt.executeUpdate(SQL);
//STEP 8: Commit data here.
System.out.println("Commiting data here....");
conn.commit();
//STEP 9: Now list all the available records.
String sql = "SELECT id, first, last, age FROM Employees";
ResultSet rs = stmt.executeQuery(sql);
System.out.println("List result set for reference....");
printRs(rs);
//STEP 10: Clean-up environment
rs.close();
stmt.close();
conn.close();
}catch(SQLException se){
//Handle errors for JDBC
se.printStackTrace();
// If there is an error then rollback the changes.
System.out.println("Rolling back data here....");
try{
if(conn!=null)
conn.rollback();
}catch(SQLException se2){
se2.printStackTrace();
}//end try
}catch(Exception e){
//Handle errors for Class.forName
e.printStackTrace();
}finally{
//finally block used to close resources
try{
if(stmt!=null)
stmt.close();
}catch(SQLException se2){
}// nothing we can do
try{
if(conn!=null)
conn.close();
}catch(SQLException se){
se.printStackTrace();
}//end finally try
}//end try
System.out.println("Goodbye!");
}//end main
public static void printRs(ResultSet rs) throws SQLException{
//Ensure we start with first row
rs.beforeFirst();
while(rs.next()){
//Retrieve by column name
int id = rs.getInt("id");
int age = rs.getInt("age");
String first = rs.getString("first");
String last = rs.getString("last");
//Display values
System.out.print("ID: " + id);
System.out.print(", Age: " + age);
System.out.print(", First: " + first);
System.out.println(", Last: " + last);
}
System.out.println();
}//end printRs()
}//end JDBCExample
现在让我们来编译上面的例子如下：
C:>javac JDBCExample.java
当运行JDBCExample，它会产生以下结果：
C:>java JDBCExample
Connecting to database...
Creating statement...
Inserting one row....
Commiting data here....
List result set for reference....
ID: 100, Age: 18, First: Zara, Last: Ali
ID: 101, Age: 25, First: Mahnaz, Last: Fatma
ID: 102, Age: 30, First: Zaid, Last: Khan
ID: 103, Age: 28, First: Sumit, Last: Mittal
ID: 106, Age: 20, First: Rita, Last: Tez
ID: 107, Age: 22, First: Sita, Last: Singh
Goodbye!