树莓派4B/Raspberry Pi4B 安装Home Assistant Core以及HACS商店

参考了官网指南和网络经验https://github.com/home-assistant/supervised-installer

更新系统源至清华源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list /etc/apt/sources.list.bak          #备份源文件
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list                        #编辑源列表

清空文件后,填入以下内容,系统版本为最新树莓派系统(Raspberry Pi4 64bit Bullseye)

deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security bullseye-security main contrib non-free

Ctrl+O 写入 Enter确认 Ctrl+X退出

更换系统源至国内清华源

sudo cp /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list  /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list.bak
sudo nano /etc/apt/sources.list.d/raspi.list

替换成以下内容

deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/raspberrypi/ bullseye main

编辑Python-pip来源列表

sudo nano /etc/pip.conf            #编辑PIP来源列表

清空文件后,填入以下内容:

[global]
extra-index-url=https://www.piwheels.org/simple
index-url = https://pypi.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/simple

Ctrl+O 写入 Enter确认 Ctrl+X退出

升级系统渠道源
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get upgrade
sudo apt-get dist-upgrade
安装爬虫常用包
sudo pip install selenium
sudo pip install pillow
sudo pip install opencv-python
sudo pip install onnxruntime
sudo apt-get install chromium-chromedriver
更换GitHub Hosts,加速操作

参考GitHub最新hosts (gitee.com)

sudo nano /etc/hosts

从最后一行加入以下内容

185.199.108.154 github.githubassets.com
140.82.112.21   central.github.com
185.199.108.133 desktop.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.153 assets-cdn.github.com
185.199.108.133 camo.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 github.map.fastly.net
199.232.69.194  github.global.ssl.fastly.net
140.82.113.4    gist.github.com
185.199.108.153 github.io
140.82.114.3    github.com
140.82.113.6    api.github.com
185.199.108.133 raw.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 user-images.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 favicons.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars5.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars4.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars3.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars2.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars1.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars0.githubusercontent.com
185.199.108.133 avatars.githubusercontent.com
140.82.112.10   codeload.github.com
52.217.161.249  github-cloud.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.229.65   github-com.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.96.28    github-production-release-asset-2e65be.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.77.92    github-production-user-asset-6210df.s3.amazonaws.com
52.217.172.9    github-production-repository-file-5c1aeb.s3.amazonaws.com
185.199.108.153 githubstatus.com
64.71.144.202   github.community
185.199.108.133 media.githubusercontent.com

Ctrl+O 写入 Enter确认 Ctrl+X退出

安装Home Assistant Core

先确认你的Python是3.9以上

先安装依赖包

sudo apt-get install -y python3 python3-dev python3-venv python3-pip libffi-dev libssl-dev libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev autoconf build-essential libopenjp2-7 libtiff5 libturbojpeg0-dev tzdata

创建一个用户名为homeassistant,“-rm”参数给与一个系统账号并且建立一个home文件夹下目录。“-G dialout,gpio,i2c”是为了给账号添加dialout, gpio和i2c用户组,方便操控外围设备。

sudo useradd -rm homeassistant -G dialout,gpio,i2c

我们将创建一个用于安装Home Assistant Core的目录,并将所有者更改为homeassistant帐户。

sudo mkdir /srv/homeassistant
sudo chown homeassistant:homeassistant /srv/homeassistant

接下来是为Home Assistant Core创建并更改为虚拟环境。这将作为homeassistant帐户完成。

sudo -u homeassistant -H -s
cd /srv/homeassistant
python3.9 -m venv .
source bin/activate

激活虚拟环境后(请注意,提示符更改为(homeassistant),接下来的步骤都在homeassistant用户权限下操作

homeassistant@raspberrypi:/srv/homeassistant $)

您将需要运行以下命令来安装所需的Python包。并开始安装Homeassistant Core。

python3 -m pip install wheel
pip3 install homeassistant

安装完成后,控制台输入hass启动运行,Homeassistant Core将开始第一次启动,大概花5-10分钟开始运作,可以访问http://X.X.X.X:8123。

(homeassistant) homeassistant@raspberrypi:/srv/homeassistant $ hass
Unable to find configuration. Creating default one in /home/homeassistant/.homeassistant

接下来,使用(Autostart using system)方法开启HomeAssistant Core开机自启动

1.创建[email protected]服务
su pi
sudo nano /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]
sudo chmod 555 /etc/systemd/system/[email protected]
输入以下内容:
[Unit]
Description=Home Assistant
After=network-online.target

[Service]
Type=simple
User=homeassistant
WorkingDirectory=/home/homeassistant/.homeassistant
ExecStart=/srv/homeassistant/bin/hass -c "/home/homeassistant/.homeassistant"
RestartForceExitStatus=100
Restart=on-failure
RestartSec=5s

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

下一步重新加载systemd,激活home-assistant@homeassistant服务

sudo systemctl --system daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable home-assistant@homeassistant

激活服务

sudo systemctl start home-assistant@homeassistant

至此,安装HomeAssistant Core完成

开始安装HACS商店

第一步切换到homeassistant用户

sudo su homeassistant

第二部运行安装脚本,如果卡在网络下载,请翻到上面的更改github解析IP.

sudo wget -O - https://get.hacs.xyz | sudo bash -

安装完成后重启系统。

接下来要设置HACS

第一步,点击设置-设备与服务
第二步,点击

第三步,输入HACS

第四步,homeassistant会自动安装依赖包

第五步,全部打钩点submit

第六步,会自动提醒你将设备链接github,这一步不要急着提交,先点击链接打开新登录窗口
第七步,登录github
第八步,复制第六步的代码输入,点击继续

第九步点击授权

第十步,授权成功

第十一步,回到第六步homeassistant界面submit

此时HACS安装设置成功

Homeassistant Core更新

$ sudo systemctl stop [email protected] 
$ sudo su -s /bin/bash homeassistant
$ source /srv/homeassistant/bin/activate
$ pip3 install --upgrade homeassistant
$ exit
$ sudo systemctl start [email protected]

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