![[小瓜]](/views/front/img/head.png){kind=avatar}
UEC++ 探索虚幻5笔记 day11
虚幻5.2.1探索
项目目录探索
- C++工程一定不能是中文路径，中文项目名，最好全部不要用中文，蓝图项目可以是中文
- 浅浅创建一个空项目，讲解一下之前UE4没有讲解的项目目录文件的分布组成
- .vs：文件夹一般是项目编译缓存文件夹，
- Binaries：存储虚幻引擎二进制的，针对不同平台发布的配置等
- Config：虚幻的配置文件夹，一般里面都是虚幻的配置，或者自己写的配置
- Content：内容文件夹，一般开发者后续创建的资产都在这里面
- DerivedDataCache：虚幻生成与管理派生数据的文件夹，包含着色器的编译，编译材质贴图等等
- Intermediate：存储一些模型缓存图片缓存等等，这个一般我们是不需要管理的，一般编译器出问题要删除C++代码时，这个文件也是要被删除的
- Saved：包含配置文件，快照日志文件那些
- Source：代码存放的位置
- 一般我们写C++代码很容易导致编译器爆掉，我们除了要删除相对的代码或者是代码文件，还要删除
.vs这个缓存文件夹，和这三个Binaries，Intermediate，项目名.sln文件文件，然后右键项目名.uproject文件，里面会有重新构建项目的选项，重新构建项目除错
虚幻C++常用结构
- 虚幻引擎C++类层级结构(Hierarchy)，与UE4一样一样，复习一下
- 反射与垃圾回收也是一样的，使用宏进行标识，UE的UHT系统会帮我们进行垃圾回收
创建Actor类
- 创建一个Actor类，当在创建Actor类时如果添加了文件，则代码里面会有这个添加了文件的头文件它会让编译器找不到Actor类，UE4好像没有这种情况，UE5就有，我们删除这个文件就可以了
- 然后在UE5中vs中生成代码时，记得要关闭热重载，不然vs中的编译不会通过
渐渐来个Hellow World
- 给Actor来个Mesh，打印一下Hellow World通过日志打印与屏幕打印
- 打印到屏幕要加头文件，
#include "Engine/Engine.h" - 给Mesh硬编码加上材质与网格要加头文件，
#include "UObject/ConstructorHelpers.h"
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Properties")
class UStaticMeshComponent* StaticMesh;
//上面是.h中Public的内容-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
#include "MyActor_One.h"
#include "Engine/Engine.h"
#include "UObject/ConstructorHelpers.h"
#include "Components/StaticMeshComponent.h"
// Sets default values
AMyActor_One::AMyActor_One()
{
// Set this actor to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
StaticMesh = CreateDefaultSubobject<UStaticMeshComponent>(TEXT("StaticMesh"));
RootComponent = StaticMesh;
//硬编码材质与网格
ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UStaticMesh> StaticMeshAsset(TEXT("/Script/Engine.StaticMesh'/Engine/BasicShapes/Sphere.Sphere'"));
ConstructorHelpers::FObjectFinder<UMaterialInterface> MaterialAsset(TEXT("/Script/Engine.Material'/Engine/BasicShapes/BasicShapeMaterial.BasicShapeMaterial'"));
if (StaticMeshAsset.Succeeded() && MaterialAsset.Succeeded())
{
StaticMesh->SetStaticMesh(StaticMeshAsset.Object);
StaticMesh->SetMaterial(0, MaterialAsset.Object);
}
}
// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AMyActor_One::BeginPlay()
{
Super::BeginPlay();
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Hello World"));
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Warning, TEXT("Hello World"));
UE_LOG(LogTemp, Error, TEXT("Hello World"));
//这里的-1可以使用INDEX_NONE，INDEX_NONE也是-1，UE的宏
GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(-1, 10.f, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("Hello World")));
}
- 运行结果
宏的参数讲解
- 变量的宏参数，
UPROPERTY()VisibleAnywhere：在蓝图中与视口中都可见VisibleDefaultsOnly：只在蓝图中可见VisibleInstanceOnly：只在视口中可见EditAnywhere：在蓝图中与视口中都可编辑EditDefultsOnly：在蓝图中可编辑EditInstanceOnly：在视口中可编辑BlueprintReadOnly：在蓝图中可读BlueprintReadWrite：在蓝图中可读可写Category：标签meta = (MakeEditWidget = "true")：这是一个可选的元标记（Metadata），用于添加额外的属性信息。在这种情况下，MakeEditWidget 被设置为 “true”，这表示该属性可以在编辑器中作为一个小部件进行编辑。这通常用于自定义编辑器小部件以提供更直观的属性编辑体验。meta=(ClampMin= -10,ClampMax= 10,UIMin= -10,UIMax= 10))：clamp：键盘输入值控制，ui：鼠标拉动值控制meta = (AllowPrivateAccess = "true")：可以让内部的其他成员访问
- 函数的宏参数：
UFUNCTION()BlueprintNativeEvent:BlueprintNativeEvent关键词允许在Unreal Engine蓝图中声明本地事件，并通过C++进行实现和扩展。在C++中实现一个蓝图本地事件时，需要在函数名后添加_Implementation作为后缀。这是为了区分虚函数和其实现函数，并保持代码的一致性和清晰度，总的来说就是会在C++中提供一个默认的实现，然后蓝图中去覆盖它改写它，在蓝图中实现这个函数时，如果调用一个父类的版本，它会先调用C++里面加了_Implementation这个函数，然后再去做蓝图其他的操作BlueprintCallable：允许函数在蓝图中进行调用BlueprintImplementableEvent：会把函数变成一个事件，把函数提升为事件后，就不能去初始化函数了，因为这个是在蓝图调用的事件Category：标签
虚幻中的三维坐标
- 在数学三维直角坐标系中里面XYZ也可以是，X：Roll，Y：Pitch，Z：Yaw，这是右手坐标系
- 在UE中面XYZ也可以是，X：Pitch，Y：Yaw，Z：Roll，这是左手坐标系，UE中的
- 在UE中XYZ轴的正向分别对应前方、右方和上方，显示的箭头颜色分别为红色、绿色和蓝色（三基色的习惯顺序）。
虚幻5中的增强输入系统
- UE5中已经摒弃掉了轴映射机制，改用为增强输入系统
- UE5中没有默认开启增强输入系统，我们需要添加这个模块在
项目名.Build.cs里面，这个完成后，最好是删除那几个文件重新构建一下避免一下后续的bug，项目目录探索那章
定义绑定映射系统与处理函数
- 增强输入系统的特定代码及定义一个映射绑定，一个移动轴的绑定，然后一个绑定的处理函数，这个处理函数要传入
FInputActionValue的结构体要添加头文件#include "InputActionValue.h"在当前.h文件中
public:
//映射绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputMappingContext* DefaultMappingContext;
//移动绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputAction* MoveAction;
protected:
void CharacterMove(const FInputActionValue& value);
- 这个处理函数基本就和之前写UE4时人物移动面向逻辑处理差不多
void AMyCharacter::CharacterMove(const FInputActionValue& value)
{
FVector2D MovementVector = value.Get<FVector2D>();//获取速度
if (Controller!=nullptr)
{
FRotator Rotation = Controller->GetControlRotation();
FRotator YawRotation = FRotator(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);
//获取到前后单位向量
FVector ForwardDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X);
//获取左右单位向量
FVector RightDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::Y);
AddMovementInput(ForwardDirection, MovementVector.Y);
AddMovementInput(RightDirection, MovementVector.X);
}
}
- 对比一下之前写的面向移动逻辑，这是之前UE4写的面向逻辑
- 那就来浅浅解释一下虚幻5中为什么这样写逻辑
-
已知虚幻中的X：Pitch，Y：Yaw，Z：Roll
-
我们获取到
FInputActionValue这个结构体中的FVector2D，注意这里是FVector2D，这是数学平面坐标系
FVector2D MovementVector = value.Get();//获取速度
-
而在UE三维移动中，我们只需要关注Yaw(也就是Y)
FRotator YawRotation = FRotator(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);
-
然后在虚幻中默认为右方向以角色右手为正方向，所以那平面坐标系里面X是不是就是前后了，Y是左右
FVector ForwardDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X);
FVector RightDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::Y);
-
此时我们已经得到了前后左右的单位向量后，回到开始的逻辑因为UE5增强输入系统传入的是
FInputActionValue结构体了，然后获取的是FVector2D这是个数学平面坐标系，所以添加到角色移动中，这里前后就是数学平面坐标系的Y了，左右就是X了
AddMovementInput(ForwardDirection, MovementVector.Y);
AddMovementInput(RightDirection, MovementVector.X);
-
绑定移动
- 在SetupPlayerInputComponen()中进行绑定移动，我们需要将
PlayerInputComponent转换为UEnhancedInputComponent，然后进行绑定为了增强型输入系统，这里需要头文件#include "EnhancedInputComponent.h"来使用UEnhancedInputComponent组件 BindAction(MoveAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterMove);MoveAction：之前定义的移动绑定UInputAction类ETriggerEvent::Triggered：触发发生在一个或多个处理节拍之后，一般用Triggered比较多，其他不常用this：自身来进行绑定&AMyCharacter::CharacterMove：处理函数
// Called to bind functionality to input
void AMyCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
UEnhancedInputComponent* EnhancedInputComponent = Cast<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent);
if (EnhancedInputComponent)
{
//移动绑定
EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(MoveAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterMove);
}
}
绑定映射
- 在BeginPlay()中绑定增强输入系统的映射，首先将
Controller转换为APlayerController，成功后使用UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem将本地玩家使用增强型输入系统需要使用头文件：#include "EnhancedInputSubsystems.h"，成功后就绑定映射
// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AMyCharacter::BeginPlay()
{
Super::BeginPlay();
APlayerController* PlayerController = Cast<APlayerController>(Controller);
if (PlayerController)
{
UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem* Subsystem =
ULocalPlayer::GetSubsystem<UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem>(PlayerController->GetLocalPlayer());
if (Subsystem)
{
//映射到上下文
Subsystem->AddMappingContext(DefaultMappingContext, 0);
}
}
}
编辑器操作
- 创建一个输入操作蓝图与一个输入映射场景蓝图
- 将输入操作的值类型变更为Axis2D也就是Vector2D，因为我们角色是在平面上移动
- 在输入映射中添加映射，注意在虚幻中我们的轴默认是朝着右方向的，以角色的右手边为正方向，所以定义W向前的时候修改器要添加个拌合输入轴值，将右正方向旋转到向前的正方向
- S向后的修改器添加个拌合输入轴值，然后添加个否定(反向)
- D方向是朝右的，就不需要做任何修改
- A方向就添加个否定即可
- 然后在角色蓝图中添加上增强输入系统
视角移动绑定
- 再添加一个UInputAction用来绑定视角，和视角处理函数
//视角绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputAction* LookAction;
void CharacterLook(const FInputActionValue& value);
- 视角处理函数
void AMyCharacter::CharacterLook(const FInputActionValue& value)
{
FVector2D LookAxisVector = value.Get<FVector2D>();
if (Controller != nullptr)
{
AddControllerPitchInput(LookAxisVector.Y);
AddControllerYawInput(LookAxisVector.X);
}
}
// Called to bind functionality to input
void AMyCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
UEnhancedInputComponent* EnhancedInputComponent = Cast<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent);
if (EnhancedInputComponent)
{
//移动绑定
EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(MoveAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterMove);
EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(LookAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterLook);
}
}
- 再建一个输入蓝图依然是FVector2D
- 添加到映射集合中，注意游戏中的视角是反向的，要修改为否定，只开启Y方向
运行结果
限制上下视角范围
- 限制角色上下视角范围和虚幻4中的写法差不多，只不过值变为了
FInputActionValue结构体中的FVector2D二维向量
void AMyCharacter::CharacterLook(const FInputActionValue& value)
{
FVector2D LookAxisVector = value.Get<FVector2D>();
if (Controller != nullptr)
{
GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(1, 10, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%f"),(GetControlRotation().Pitch)));
AddControllerYawInput(LookAxisVector.X);
if (GetControlRotation().Pitch < 270.f && GetControlRotation().Pitch>180.f && LookAxisVector.Y > 0.f)
{
return;
}
if (GetControlRotation().Pitch < 180.f && GetControlRotation().Pitch>45.f && LookAxisVector.Y < 0.f)
{
return;
}
AddControllerPitchInput(LookAxisVector.Y);
}
}
MyCharacter.h
// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.
#pragma once
#include "CoreMinimal.h"
#include "GameFramework/Character.h"
#include "InputActionValue.h"
#include "MyCharacter.generated.h"
UCLASS()
class MYOBJECTUE5_API AMyCharacter : public ACharacter
{
GENERATED_BODY()
public:
// Sets default values for this character's properties
AMyCharacter();
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Camera", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class USpringArmComponent* SpringArm;
UPROPERTY(VisibleAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Camera", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UCameraComponent* MyCamera;
//映射绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputMappingContext* DefaultMappingContext;
//移动绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputAction* MoveAction;
//视角绑定
UPROPERTY(EditAnywhere, BlueprintReadOnly, Category = "Input", meta = (AllPrivateAccess = "true"))
class UInputAction* LookAction;
protected:
// Called when the game starts or when spawned
virtual void BeginPlay() override;
void CharacterMove(const FInputActionValue& value);
void CharacterLook(const FInputActionValue& value);
public:
// Called every frame
virtual void Tick(float DeltaTime) override;
// Called to bind functionality to input
virtual void SetupPlayerInputComponent(class UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent) override;
};
MyCharacter.cpp
// Fill out your copyright notice in the Description page of Project Settings.
#include "MyCharacter.h"
#include "Camera/CameraComponent.h"
#include "GameFramework/SpringArmComponent.h"
#include "GameFramework/CharacterMovementComponent.h"
#include "EnhancedInputComponent.h"
#include "EnhancedInputSubsystems.h"
#include "Engine/Engine.h"
// Sets default values
AMyCharacter::AMyCharacter()
{
// Set this character to call Tick() every frame. You can turn this off to improve performance if you don't need it.
PrimaryActorTick.bCanEverTick = true;
GetCharacterMovement()->bOrientRotationToMovement = true;
GetCharacterMovement()->RotationRate = FRotator(0.f, 500.f, 0.f);
GetCharacterMovement()->MaxWalkSpeed = 500.f;
GetCharacterMovement()->MinAnalogWalkSpeed = 20.f;
GetCharacterMovement()->BrakingDecelerationWalking = 2000.f;
//相机臂
SpringArm = CreateDefaultSubobject<USpringArmComponent>(TEXT("SpringArm"));
SpringArm->SetupAttachment(GetRootComponent());
SpringArm->TargetArmLength = 400.f;
SpringArm->bUsePawnControlRotation = true;
//相机
MyCamera = CreateDefaultSubobject<UCameraComponent>(TEXT("MyCamera"));
MyCamera->SetupAttachment(SpringArm, USpringArmComponent::SocketName);//附加到末尾
MyCamera->bUsePawnControlRotation = false;
}
// Called when the game starts or when spawned
void AMyCharacter::BeginPlay()
{
Super::BeginPlay();
APlayerController* PlayerController = Cast<APlayerController>(Controller);
if (PlayerController)
{
UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem* Subsystem =
ULocalPlayer::GetSubsystem<UEnhancedInputLocalPlayerSubsystem>(PlayerController->GetLocalPlayer());
if (Subsystem)
{
//映射到上下文
Subsystem->AddMappingContext(DefaultMappingContext, 0);
}
}
}
void AMyCharacter::CharacterMove(const FInputActionValue& value)
{
FVector2D MovementVector = value.Get<FVector2D>();//获取速度
if (Controller!=nullptr)
{
FRotator Rotation = Controller->GetControlRotation();
FRotator YawRotation = FRotator(0, Rotation.Yaw, 0);
//获取到前后单位向量
FVector ForwardDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::X);
//获取左右单位向量
FVector RightDirection = FRotationMatrix(YawRotation).GetUnitAxis(EAxis::Y);
AddMovementInput(ForwardDirection, MovementVector.Y);
AddMovementInput(RightDirection, MovementVector.X);
}
}
void AMyCharacter::CharacterLook(const FInputActionValue& value)
{
FVector2D LookAxisVector = value.Get<FVector2D>();
if (Controller != nullptr)
{
GEngine->AddOnScreenDebugMessage(1, 10, FColor::Red, FString::Printf(TEXT("%f"),(GetControlRotation().Pitch)));
AddControllerYawInput(LookAxisVector.X);
if (GetControlRotation().Pitch < 270.f && GetControlRotation().Pitch>180.f && LookAxisVector.Y > 0.f)
{
return;
}
if (GetControlRotation().Pitch < 180.f && GetControlRotation().Pitch>45.f && LookAxisVector.Y < 0.f)
{
return;
}
AddControllerPitchInput(LookAxisVector.Y);
}
}
// Called every frame
void AMyCharacter::Tick(float DeltaTime)
{
Super::Tick(DeltaTime);
}
// Called to bind functionality to input
void AMyCharacter::SetupPlayerInputComponent(UInputComponent* PlayerInputComponent)
{
Super::SetupPlayerInputComponent(PlayerInputComponent);
UEnhancedInputComponent* EnhancedInputComponent = Cast<UEnhancedInputComponent>(PlayerInputComponent);
if (EnhancedInputComponent)
{
//移动绑定
EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(MoveAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterMove);
EnhancedInputComponent->BindAction(LookAction, ETriggerEvent::Triggered, this, &AMyCharacter::CharacterLook);
}
}