go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐

go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐

  • go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐
  • 常见的不正规测试方法
    • main方法个例测试验证 - 不正规
      • 1. 提供一个函数:`Reverse(input string)`进行测试
      • 2. 直接在函数下创建`main`函数下进行个例测试
      • 3. 测试发现,`Reverse`方法不支持某些汉字,因为汉字不是单字节!所以使用rune来装字符,所以增加了多一个方法`Reverse1`
      • 4. 再次在`main`中测试
      • 5. 经过测试后个例反转的效果是正确。但是个例毕竟还是个例。官网里面存在测试的使用教程。下面继续吧。
  • go官方推荐测试方式一
    • 单元unit 测试
      • 1. 新建一个go文件,要求文件命名为 待测试文件名 + _test.go
      • 2. 进行测试验证
      • 3. unit单元测试局限性:
      • 4. unit单元测试的优点
    • fuzz模糊测试
      • 1. 在fuzzingToLearn_test文件中添加模糊测试的代码 - 两个方法测试
      • 2. 终端运行测试
        • 1. 使用终端先使用run test验证是否通过
        • 2. 使用fuzz模糊测试验证,查看任何随机生成的字符串输入是否会导致失败
        • 3. 使用fuzz模糊测试FuzzReverse1方法,代码改动
        • 4. 使用fuzz验证
          • 诊断代码
  • end
    • 所有的代码:

go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐

常见的不正规测试方法

main方法个例测试验证 - 不正规

1. 提供一个函数:Reverse(input string)进行测试

2. 直接在函数下创建main函数下进行个例测试

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

// Reverse 字节 反转字符串
func Reverse(input string) string {
	bytes := []byte(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}

func main() {

	input := "hello, world , java页, go bigdata"
	firstRev := Reverse(input)
	secondRev := Reverse(firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("原始数据: %q\n", input)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q\n", firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q\n", secondRev)
}

3. 测试发现,Reverse方法不支持某些汉字,因为汉字不是单字节!所以使用rune来装字符,所以增加了多一个方法Reverse1

// Reverse1 字符(学习之前以为万事大吉,但是实际上这里仅限于utf-8的字符)
func Reverse1(input string) string {
	bytes := []rune(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}

4. 再次在main中测试

package main

import (
	"fmt"
)

// Reverse 字节 反转字符串
func Reverse(input string) string {
	bytes := []byte(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}

// Reverse1 字符(学习之前以为万事大吉,但是实际上这里仅限于utf-8的字符)
func Reverse1(input string) string {
	bytes := []rune(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}


func main() {

	input := "hello, world , java页, go bigdata"
	firstRev := Reverse(input)
	secondRev := Reverse(firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("原始数据: %q\n", input)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q\n", firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q\n", secondRev)

	firstRev1 := Reverse1(input)
	secondRev1 := Reverse1(firstRev1)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q\n", firstRev1)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q\n", secondRev1)
}

5. 经过测试后个例反转的效果是正确。但是个例毕竟还是个例。官网里面存在测试的使用教程。下面继续吧。


go官方推荐测试方式一

单元unit 测试

1. 新建一个go文件,要求文件命名为 待测试文件名 + _test.go

  • 我待测试文件名为fuzzingToLearn.go, 所以要新建的文件名为:fuzzingToLearn_test.go
  • 文件存在两个函数需要待验证,所以这里也编写了两个函数
  • 注意事项:
    • 测试方法名字规范: Test$functionName
    • 其中 f u n c t i o n N a m e 的首字母要改写为大写 ! 这里的 functionName的首字母要改写为大写!这里的 functionName的首字母要改写为大写!这里的functionName没有局限名字,保证首字母大写即可
package main

import (
	"testing"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

// 测试字节反转
func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		in, want string
	}{
		{"Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH"},
		{" ", " "},
		{"!123456", "654321!"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		rev := Reverse(tc.in)
		if rev != tc.want {
			t.Errorf("Reverse: %q, want %q", rev, tc.want)
		}
	}
}

// 测试字符反转
func TestReverse1(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		in, want string
	}{
		{"页Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH页"},
		{" ", " "},
		{"!123456", "654321!"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		rev := Reverse1(tc.in)
		if rev != tc.want {
			t.Errorf("Reverse: %q, want %q", rev, tc.want)
		}
	}
}

2. 进行测试验证

  • 切换到对应路径,在终端上运行go test -v命令;这个命令是测试所有的方法的,也有测试单个方法的:go test -v -test.run $测试方法名
  • Windowscmdpowershell都可以运行,其它操作系统的就不说了
  • 结果展示
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> ls


    目录: D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing


Mode                 LastWriteTime         Length Name
----                 -------------         ------ ----
-a----         2023/12/6     22:37           1661 fuzzingToLearn.go
-a----         2023/12/6     23:01           2197 fuzzingToLearn_test.go

PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -v
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
=== RUN   TestReverse
--- PASS: TestReverse (0.00s)
=== RUN   TestReverse1
--- PASS: TestReverse1 (0.00s)
PASS
ok      goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.043s

3. unit单元测试局限性:

  • 每个输入必须由开发人员添加到测试中

4. unit单元测试的优点

  • 可以在线测试!!不像在main方法中进行测试的方式,需要停止程序,然后还要进行注释原有的代码
  • 官方是推荐的,但是这个不够精确!需要精确就使用fuzz测试吧

fuzz模糊测试

  • fuzz测试函数以Fuzz开头而不是Test开头

  • 方法参数和unit单元测试也不同,fuzz模糊测试为:f *testing.F

  • 为了方便,fuzz模糊测试直接在fuzzingToLearn_test.go文件进行

1. 在fuzzingToLearn_test文件中添加模糊测试的代码 - 两个方法测试

// FuzzReverse fuzz测试 字节-字符串反转
func FuzzReverse(f *testing.F) {
	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
	}
	//对于字符会出错
	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev := Reverse(orig)
		doubleRev := Reverse(rev)
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}

// FuzzReverse1 fuzz测试 字符-字符串反转
func FuzzReverse1(f *testing.F) {
	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
	}

	//非utf-8会出错
	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev := Reverse1(orig)
		doubleRev := Reverse1(rev)
		t.Logf("Number of runes: orig=%d, rev=%d, doubleRev=%d", utf8.RuneCountInString(orig),
			utf8.RuneCountInString(rev), utf8.RuneCountInString(doubleRev))
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}

2. 终端运行测试

  • 注意事项:
    • 使用fuzz模糊化时,你不能预测预期的输出,因为你不能控制输入
1. 使用终端先使用run test验证是否通过
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
PASS
ok      goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.041s

2. 使用fuzz模糊测试验证,查看任何随机生成的字符串输入是否会导致失败
# 第一次出错
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -fuzz=Fuzz
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
testing: will not fuzz, -fuzz matches more than one fuzz test: [FuzzReverse FuzzReverse1]
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.041s

# 原因是一个文件只能有一个fuzz的测试例子。注释FuzzReverse1方法测试

PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -fuzz=Fuzz
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/58 completed
failure while testing seed corpus entry: FuzzReverse/34d11aca3c8d1e0d
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 2/58 completed
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.09s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse (0.00s)
        fuzzingToLearn_test.go:54: Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string "\xab\xb0\xe7"

FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.134s
# 结果是不通过,即测试失败
  • 结果:测试不通过,即有bug

  • 查看文件同目录产生了新的文件

    go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐_第1张图片

  • 文件内容为:

    go test fuzz v1
    string("簫")
    
  • 这里指的是不通过方法的测试。但是我们知道这个方法对于汉字就是有bug,我们先跳过,看一下第二个方法是否可行。

  • testdata目录可以删除的。但建议等完全测试后再删除

3. 使用fuzz模糊测试FuzzReverse1方法,代码改动
  • 由于一个文件不能存在多个fuzz方法,所以先注释上面的FuzzReverse函数的代码,打开FuzzReverse1函数的方法
// FuzzReverse1 fuzz测试 字符-字符串反转
func FuzzReverse1(f *testing.F) {
	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
	}

	//非utf-8会出错
	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev := Reverse1(orig)
		doubleRev := Reverse1(rev)
		t.Logf("Number of runes: orig=%d, rev=%d, doubleRev=%d", utf8.RuneCountInString(orig),
			utf8.RuneCountInString(rev), utf8.RuneCountInString(doubleRev))
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}
4. 使用fuzz验证
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -fuzz=Fuzz
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/3 completed
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 3/3 completed, now fuzzing with 16 workers
fuzz: minimizing 42-byte failing input file
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, minimizing
--- FAIL: FuzzReverse1 (0.15s)
    --- FAIL: FuzzReverse1 (0.00s)
        fuzzingToLearn_test.go:70: Number of runes: orig=1, rev=1, doubleRev=1
        fuzzingToLearn_test.go:73: Before: "\x86", after: "�"

    Failing input written to testdata\fuzz\FuzzReverse1\0cca6a19caba34b5
    To re-run:
    go test -run=FuzzReverse1/0cca6a19caba34b5
FAIL
exit status 1
FAIL    goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.525s
# 还是出错了。而且前后两个值不同!!!
  • 同样的还是生成了文件

    go的两大测试方法- 官网推荐_第2张图片

  • 说明FuzzReverse1函数也有bug

诊断代码
  • 经过了解:

    • 在Go语言中,字符串是一个只读的字节片,可以包含非UTF-8有效的字节。原始字符串是一个字节切片,其中有一个字节, '\x86' 。当输入字符串被设置为 []rune 时,Go语言将字节切片编码为UTF-8,并将字节替换为UTF-8字符。当我们将替换UTF-8字符与输入字节片进行比较时,它们显然不相等。
  • 所以,我们需要修改我们的函数代码。但是此处为了保留之前的代码,就直接增加一个函数即可。添加到fuzzingToLearn.go文件,然后再再进行测试该方法即可。

  1. 增加函数Reverse2,内容如下
// Reverse2 排除不是utf-8字符
func Reverse2(input string) (string, error) {
	if !utf8.ValidString(input) {
		return input, errors.New("input is not valid UTF-8")
	}
	runes := []rune(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(runes)-1; i < len(runes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		runes[i], runes[j] = runes[j], runes[i]
	}
	return string(runes), nil
}
  1. fuzzingToLearn_test.go文件添加对应的fuzz模糊测试函数FuzzReverse2
// 注释FuzzReverse1(f *testing.F)方法,增加下面内容
// fuzz测试 字符串反转 字符,排除非utf-8字符
func FuzzReverse2(f *testing.F) {
	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
	}

	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev, err1 := Reverse2(orig)
		if err1 != nil {
			return // 可以调用 t.Skip()
		}
		doubleRev, err2 := Reverse2(rev)
		if err2 != nil {
			return // 可以调用 t.Skip()
		}
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}

  1. 这里就跳过了前面所介绍的两种测试验证,直接进行fuzz模糊测试

  2. 这里是只先验证错误的情况,即新增加的testdata目录下的文件内容情况。使用go test -run命令

PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -run=FuzzReverse1/0cca6a19caba34b5
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
testing: warning: no tests to run
PASS
ok      goland-setting/test/fuzzing     0.357s
# success
  1. 再次运行go test -fuzz=Fuzz
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -fuzz=Fuzz
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/3 completed
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 3/3 completed, now fuzzing with 16 workers
fuzz: elapsed: 3s, execs: 1212471 (404034/sec), new interesting: 32 (total: 35)
fuzz: elapsed: 6s, execs: 2590247 (458435/sec), new interesting: 35 (total: 38)
fuzz: elapsed: 9s, execs: 3933396 (448061/sec), new interesting: 35 (total: 38)
fuzz: elapsed: 12s, execs: 5262110 (442525/sec), new interesting: 35 (total: 38)
fuzz: elapsed: 15s, execs: 6555446 (431581/sec), new interesting: 35 (total: 38)
fuzz: elapsed: 18s, execs: 7789113 (411424/sec), new interesting: 36 (total: 39)
fuzz: elapsed: 21s, execs: 9042454 (416817/sec), new interesting: 36 (total: 39)
fuzz: elapsed: 22s, execs: 9511996 (407607/sec), new interesting: 36 (total: 39)
PASS
ok      goland-setting/test/fuzzing     22.581s

  1. go test -fuzz=Fuzz不会自动停止,需要CTRL + c来停止;或者运行go test -fuzz=Fuzz -fuzztime 20s来指定20s后结束
PS D:\codes\go\goland-setting\test\fuzzing> go test -fuzz=Fuzz -fuzztime 20s
warning: GOPATH set to GOROOT (D:\install\go_install) has no effect
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 0/43 completed
fuzz: elapsed: 0s, gathering baseline coverage: 43/43 completed, now fuzzing with 16 workers
fuzz: elapsed: 3s, execs: 1332436 (442300/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 6s, execs: 2701841 (458040/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 9s, execs: 4096713 (463975/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 12s, execs: 5449685 (451464/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 15s, execs: 6755971 (435062/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 18s, execs: 8075349 (439717/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
fuzz: elapsed: 20s, execs: 8927301 (403763/sec), new interesting: 0 (total: 43)
PASS
ok      goland-setting/test/fuzzing     20.214s

end

所有的代码:

  • fuzzingToLearn.go
package main

import (
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

// Reverse 字节 反转字符串
func Reverse(input string) string {
	bytes := []byte(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}

// Reverse1 字符(学习之前以为万事大吉,但是实际上这里仅限于utf-8的字符)
func Reverse1(input string) string {
	bytes := []rune(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(bytes)-1; i < len(bytes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		bytes[i], bytes[j] = bytes[j], bytes[i]
	}
	return string(bytes)
}

// Reverse2 排除不是utf-8字符
func Reverse2(input string) (string, error) {
	if !utf8.ValidString(input) {
		return input, errors.New("input is not valid UTF-8")
	}
	runes := []rune(input)
	for i, j := 0, len(runes)-1; i < len(runes)/2; i, j = i+1, j-1 {
		runes[i], runes[j] = runes[j], runes[i]
	}
	return string(runes), nil
}

func main() {

	input := "hello, world , java页, go bigdata"
	firstRev := Reverse(input)
	secondRev := Reverse(firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("原始数据: %q\n", input)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q\n", firstRev)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q\n", secondRev)

	firstRev1 := Reverse1(input)
	secondRev1 := Reverse1(firstRev1)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q\n", firstRev1)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q\n", secondRev1)

	firstRev2, firstRev2Err := Reverse2(input)
	secondRev2, secondRevErr := Reverse2(firstRev2)
	fmt.Printf("第一次反转的数据: %q, err: %v\n", firstRev2, firstRev2Err)
	fmt.Printf("反转数据再次反转的数据: %q, err: %v\n", secondRev2, secondRevErr)
}

  • fuzzingToLearn_test.go
package main

import (
	"testing"
	"unicode/utf8"
)

func TestReverse(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		in, want string
	}{
		{"Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH"},
		{" ", " "},
		{"!123456", "654321!"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		rev := Reverse(tc.in)
		if rev != tc.want {
			t.Errorf("Reverse: %q, want %q", rev, tc.want)
		}
	}
}

func TestReverse1(t *testing.T) {
	testcases := []struct {
		in, want string
	}{
		{"页Hello, world", "dlrow ,olleH页"},
		{" ", " "},
		{"!123456", "654321!"},
	}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		rev := Reverse1(tc.in)
		if rev != tc.want {
			t.Errorf("Reverse: %q, want %q", rev, tc.want)
		}
	}
}

// FuzzReverse fuzz测试 字节-字符串反转
//func FuzzReverse(f *testing.F) {
//	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
//	for _, tc := range testcases {
//		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
//	}
//	//对于字符会出错
//	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
//		rev := Reverse(orig)
//		doubleRev := Reverse(rev)
//		if orig != doubleRev {
//			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
//		}
//		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
//			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
//		}
//	})
//}

// FuzzReverse1 fuzz测试 字符-字符串反转
//func FuzzReverse1(f *testing.F) {
//	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
//	for _, tc := range testcases {
//		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
//	}
//
//	//非utf-8会出错
//	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
//		rev := Reverse1(orig)
//		doubleRev := Reverse1(rev)
//		t.Logf("Number of runes: orig=%d, rev=%d, doubleRev=%d", utf8.RuneCountInString(orig),
//			utf8.RuneCountInString(rev), utf8.RuneCountInString(doubleRev))
//		if orig != doubleRev {
//			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
//		}
//		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
//			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
//		}
//	})
//
//}

// fuzz测试 字符串反转 字符,排除非utf-8字符
func FuzzReverse2(f *testing.F) {
	testcases := []string{"Hello, world", " ", "!123456"}
	for _, tc := range testcases {
		f.Add(tc) // Use f.Add to provide a seed corpus
	}

	f.Fuzz(func(t *testing.T, orig string) {
		rev, err1 := Reverse2(orig)
		if err1 != nil {
			return // 可以调用 t.Skip()
		}
		doubleRev, err2 := Reverse2(rev)
		if err2 != nil {
			return // 可以调用 t.Skip()
		}
		if orig != doubleRev {
			t.Errorf("Before: %q, after: %q", orig, doubleRev)
		}
		if utf8.ValidString(orig) && !utf8.ValidString(rev) {
			t.Errorf("Reverse produced invalid UTF-8 string %q", rev)
		}
	})
}

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