工作中常用的RabbitMQ实践

目录

1.前置知识

准备工作

2.导入依赖

3.生产者

4.消费者

5.验证

验证Direct

验证Fanout

验证Topic

6.ACK消息确认补充

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1.前置知识

rabbitmq有五种工作模式；按照有无交换机分为两大类

无交换机的：简单队列(一对一,单生产单消费)、工作队列(工作队列有轮训分发和公平分发两种模式)

有交换机：发布-订阅、路由模式、主题模式

准备工作

安装rabbitmq，并成功启动

2.导入依赖

            org.springframework.boot
            spring-boot-starter-amqp

3.生产者

生产端项目结构：
 

逻辑：生产者只对交换机进行生产，至于队列绑定等放在消费端进行执行

BusinessConfig

定义了三个不同类型的交换机

direct类型:(当生产者往该交换机发送消息时，他必须指定固定的routingkey，当routingkey值为空，他也会匹配routingkey为空的队列)

fanout类型:(当生产者往该交换机发送消息时，他所绑定的队列都会收到消息，routingkey即使写了也会忽略，一般为空字符串)

Topic类型:(当生产者往该交换机发送消息时，他并不像direct指定固定的routingkey，可以进行模糊匹配，当该routingkey为空时，他会匹配routingkey为空的队列)

package com.zsp.quartz.queue;

import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;


/**
 * @Author: ZhangSP
 * @Date: 2023/12/7  14:05
 */
public class BusinessConfig {
    // 声明direct交换机
    public static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT= "exchange_direct_inform";

    // 声明fanout交换机
    public static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT= "exchange_fanout_inform";

    // 声明topic交换机
    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC= "exchange_topic_inform";
}

TestProducer

生产消息

package com.zsp.quartz.queue;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
import com.zsp.quartz.entity.User;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.core.RabbitTemplate;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.boot.test.context.SpringBootTest;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringRunner;

@SpringBootTest
@RunWith(SpringRunner.class)
public class TestProducer {
    @Autowired
    RabbitTemplate rabbitTemplate;

    @Test
    public void Producer_topics_springbootTest() {

        //使用rabbitTemplate发送消息
        String message = "";
        User user = new User();
        user.setName("张三");
        user.setEmail("anjduahsd");
        message = JSON.toJSONString(user);

        // direct
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(BusinessConfig.EXCHANGE_DIRECT,"",message);

        // fanout
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(BusinessConfig.EXCHANGE_FANOUT,"",message);

        // topic
        rabbitTemplate.convertAndSend(BusinessConfig.EXCHANGE_TOPIC,"",message);
    }
}

4.消费者

消费者目录结构:

BusinessConfig内容解析：

①定义交换机类型

②配置交换机与队列的绑定关系

③通过容器工厂声明队列

package com.zsp.consumer.queue;
import com.rabbitmq.client.BuiltinExchangeType;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.Connection;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

import javax.annotation.PostConstruct;

/**
 * @Author: ZhangSP
 * @Date: 2023/12/7  14:05
 */
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class BusinessConfig {
    // 声明direct
    public static final String EXCHANGE_DIRECT= "exchange_direct_inform";
    public static final String QUEUE_DIRECT_EMAIL = "queue_direct_inform_email";
    public static final String QUEUE_DIRECT_SMS = "queue_direct_inform_sms";
    public void BindDirectEmail(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT.getType(), true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_DIRECT_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_DIRECT_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_DIRECT, "");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Direct->email队列时失败", e);
        }
    }
    public void BindDirectSms(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_DIRECT, BuiltinExchangeType.DIRECT.getType(), true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_DIRECT_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_DIRECT_SMS, EXCHANGE_DIRECT, "123");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Direct->sms失败", e);
        }
    }
    // 声明fanout
    public static final String EXCHANGE_FANOUT= "exchange_fanout_inform";
    public static final String QUEUE_FANOUT_EMAIL = "queue_fanout_inform_email";
    public static final String QUEUE_FANOUT_SMS = "queue_fanout_inform_sms";
    public void BindFanoutEmail(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_FANOUT, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT.getType(), true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_FANOUT_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_FANOUT_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_FANOUT, "");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Fanout->email队列时失败", e);
        }
    }
    public void BindFanoutSms(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_FANOUT, BuiltinExchangeType.FANOUT.getType(), true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_FANOUT_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_FANOUT_SMS, EXCHANGE_FANOUT,"");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Fanout->sms失败", e);
        }
    }

    // 声明topic
    public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC= "exchange_topic_inform";
    public static final String QUEUE_TOPIC_EMAIL = "queue_topic_inform_email";
    public static final String QUEUE_TOPIC_SMS = "queue_topic_inform_sms";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_EMAIL="inform.#.email.#";
    public static final String ROUTINGKEY_SMS="inform.#.sms.#";

    public void BindTopicEmail(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPIC, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC.getType(),true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_TOPIC_EMAIL, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_TOPIC_EMAIL, EXCHANGE_TOPIC, ROUTINGKEY_EMAIL);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Topic->email队列时失败", e);
        }
    }
    public void BindTopicSms(Channel channel) {
        try {
            channel.exchangeDeclare(EXCHANGE_TOPIC, BuiltinExchangeType.TOPIC.getType(),true);
            channel.queueDeclare(QUEUE_TOPIC_SMS, true, false, false, null);
            channel.queueBind(QUEUE_TOPIC_SMS, EXCHANGE_TOPIC,"");
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("声明Topic->sms失败", e);
        }
    }



    // 声明队列
    @Autowired
    @Qualifier(value = "zspConnectionFactory")
    private ConnectionFactory connectionFactory;
    @PostConstruct
    public void shengmingQueue() {
        try {
            Connection connection = connectionFactory.createConnection();
            Channel channel = connection.createChannel(false);
            BindDirectEmail(channel);
            BindDirectSms(channel);
            BindFanoutEmail(channel);
            BindFanoutSms(channel);
            BindTopicEmail(channel);
            BindTopicSms(channel);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            log.error("业务实例声明绑定队列报错:",e);
        }
    }
}

RabbitFactory内容解析：

①创建自定义连接工厂

②通过@Qualifier准确注入连接工厂，创建个性化容器工厂

package com.zsp.consumer.queue;

import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableRabbit
public class RabbitFactory {

    @Bean("zspConnectionFactory")
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        // 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息，如主机名、端口号、用户名和密码等
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("root");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("root");
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean("rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory(@Qualifier("zspConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);
        return factory;
    }
}

ReceiveHandler内容解析：

监听绑定的队列消息

package com.zsp.consumer.queue;

import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSONObject;
import com.rabbitmq.client.Channel;
import org.springframework.amqp.core.Message;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.RabbitListener;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

@Component
public class ReceiveHandler {
    //监听自定义的Direct队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_DIRECT_SMS, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void directSMS(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Direct队列->sms队列" + jsonObject);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_DIRECT_EMAIL, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void directEmail(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Direct队列->email队列" + jsonObject);
    }

    //监听自定义的Fanout队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_FANOUT_SMS, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void FanoutSMS(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Fanout队列->sms队列" + jsonObject);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_FANOUT_EMAIL, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void FanoutEmail(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Fanout队列->email队列" + jsonObject);
    }

    //监听自定义的Topic队列
    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_TOPIC_SMS, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void TopicSMS(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Topic队列->sms队列" + jsonObject);
    }

    @RabbitListener(queues = BusinessConfig.QUEUE_TOPIC_EMAIL, containerFactory = "rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public void TopicEmail(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
        System.out.println("Topic队列->email队列" + jsonObject);
    }
}

5.验证

先启动消费者端，然后执行TestProducer

验证Direct

1.向routingkey为空的队列发消息

我们在消费者端配置了routingkey为空的队列，叫做 QUEUE_DIRECT_EMAIL

因此会打印出下面这条记录

2.向routingkey为123的队列发消息

我们在消费者端配置了routingkey为123的队列，叫做 QUEUE_DIRECT_SMS

因此会打出下面这条记录

验证Fanout

谁跟我绑定了，我都发

验证Topic

模糊匹配routingkey

匹配sms队列

会把下面这个打印出来

需要注意的是如果我们没有自定义容器工厂的话，这个containerFactory可以不写
简单理解就是实例，也就是rabbitmq服务地址是在哪里，实例包括了域名、端口、账号、密码等。

---

6.ACK消息确认补充

消费者监听队列时增加消息确认ack，改动两个地方
1.自定义容器工厂，增加手动确认机制

RabbitFactory

factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);

package com.zsp.consumer.queue;

import org.springframework.amqp.core.AcknowledgeMode;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.annotation.EnableRabbit;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.config.SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.CachingConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.amqp.rabbit.connection.ConnectionFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Qualifier;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
@EnableRabbit
public class RabbitFactory {

    @Bean("zspConnectionFactory")
    public ConnectionFactory connectionFactory() {
        CachingConnectionFactory connectionFactory = new CachingConnectionFactory();
        // 设置RabbitMQ的连接信息，如主机名、端口号、用户名和密码等
        connectionFactory.setHost("localhost");
        connectionFactory.setPort(5672);
        connectionFactory.setUsername("root");
        connectionFactory.setPassword("zsproot");
        return connectionFactory;
    }

    @Bean("rabbitListenerContainerFactory")
    public SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory rabbitListenerContainerFactory(@Qualifier("zspConnectionFactory") ConnectionFactory connectionFactory) {
        SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory factory = new SimpleRabbitListenerContainerFactory();
        factory.setConnectionFactory(connectionFactory);
        factory.setConcurrentConsumers(5);
        factory.setMaxConcurrentConsumers(10);
        factory.setAcknowledgeMode(AcknowledgeMode.MANUAL);
        return factory;
    }
}

2.监听队列增加try{}catch(){}finally{}代码块

以DirectSMS举例

 public void DirectSMS(String msg, Message message, Channel channel) {
        try {
            JSONObject jsonObject = JSONObject.parseObject(msg);
            System.out.println("Direct队列->sms队列" + jsonObject);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
            log.info("[referral],directSMS队列error", e);
        } finally {
            try {
                channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false);
            } catch (IOException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
        }
    }

解释：

channel.basicAck(message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag(), false); 是用于手动确认消息的方法。在RabbitMQ中，当消费者成功处理消息后，需要向RabbitMQ服务器发送确认消息，告诉服务器可以将该消息从队列中移除。这个方法就是用来发送这个确认消息的。

在这行代码中，channel 是用来与RabbitMQ服务器通信的通道对象，basicAck 是发送确认消息的方法。message.getMessageProperties().getDeliveryTag() 是获取消息的交付标签，用于告诉RabbitMQ服务器是哪条消息需要被确认。false 是一个布尔值，表示是否批量确认，这里是单条确认，所以是false。