freebsd mysql5.7_MySQL 5.7安装及版本升级到8.0

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支持的系统和架构

Operating System

Architecture

Oracle Linux / Red Hat / CentOS

Oracle Linux 8 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 8 / CentOS 8

x86_64, ARM 64

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Oracle Linux 7 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / CentOS 7

ARM 64

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Oracle Linux 7 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / CentOS 7

x86_64

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Oracle Linux 6 / Red Hat Enterprise Linux 6 / CentOS 6

x86_32, x86_64

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Oracle Solaris

Solaris 11 (Update 4+)

SPARC_64, x86_64

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Solaris 10 (Update 11+)

SPARC_64, x86_32, x86_64

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Canonical

Ubuntu 18.04 LTS

x86_32, x86_64

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Ubuntu 16.04 LTS

x86_32, x86_64

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SUSE

SUSE Enterprise Linux 15 / OpenSUSE 15

x86_64

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SUSE Enterprise Linux 12 (12.3+)

x86_64

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Debian

Debian GNU/Linux 10

x86_64

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Debian GNU/Linux 9

x86_32, x86_64

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Debian GNU/Linux 8

x86_32, x86_64

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Microsoft Windows Server

Microsoft Windows 2019 Server

x86_64

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Microsoft Windows 2016 Server

x86_64

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Microsoft Windows 2012 Server R2

x86_64

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Microsoft Windows

Microsoft Windows 10

x86_64

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Apple

macOS 10.14

x86_64

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macOS 10.13

x86_64

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FreeBSD

FreeBSD 12

x86_64

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Various Linux

Generic Linux (tar format)

x86_32, x86_64, glibc 2.12, libstdc++ 4.4

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确认安装的版本

准备安装MySQL时，请确定要使用哪个版本和发行格式(二进制或源码)。

首先，决定要安装开发版本还是通用版本(GA)。开发版本具有最新功能，但不建议用于生产环境。GA版本(也称为生产版本或稳定版本)是供生产使用的。

MySQL 8.0中的命名方案使用的发行版名称由三个数字和一个可选的后缀组成(例如， **mysql-8.0.1-dmr**)，版本名称中的数字解释如下：

- 第一个数字(**8**)是主版本号。- 第二个数字(**0**)是次要版本号。总而言之，主要和次要数字构成发行版本号。序列号描述了稳定的功能集。- 第三个数字(**1**)是发行系列中的版本号。对于每个新的错误修正版本，此值均递增。在大多数情况下，系列中的最新版本是最佳选择。

版本名称也可以包含一个后缀，以指示版本的稳定性。在一系列发行中，发布会通过一组后缀来指示稳定性水平如何提高。可能的后缀是：- **dmr**指示开发里程碑版本(DMR)。MySQL开发使用里程碑模型，其中每个里程碑都引入了一小部分经过全面测试的功能。从一个里程碑到下一个里程碑，基于尝试这些正常发布的社区成员提供的反馈，功能界面可能会更改，甚至功能可能会被删除。里程碑版本中的功能可能被视为具有预生产质量。- **rc**表示发布候选(RC)。通过了MySQL的所有内部测试后，发布候选版本被认为是稳定的。RC版本中可能仍会引入新功能，但是重点将转移到修复错误上，以稳定本系列中较早引入的功能。- 没有后缀表示具有一般可用性(GA)或正式版。GA版本稳定，已成功通过了较早的发行阶段，并且被认为是可靠的，没有严重的错误并且适合在生产系统中使用。

安装

安装依赖

[root@localhost local]# yum install -y libaio-devel

卸载mariadb的库

[root@localhost local]# yum remove -y mariadb-libs

添加用户和组

[root@localhost ~]# yum install -y bash-comple* tree telnet net-tools bind-utils

[root@localhost~]# groupadd mysql

[root@localhost~]# useradd -r -g mysql -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql

创建数据目录等

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/data_3306

[root@localhost~]# mkdir -p /data/mysql/binlog_3306

上传软件包、校验和解压

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /opt/softwares

[root@localhost~]# cd /opt/softwares

[root@localhost softwares]# rz-E

rz waiting to receive.

[root@localhost softwares]# ll

total1121804

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Dec 29 09:41 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503854832 Dec 28 03:22 mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

[root@localhost softwares]# md5sum mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

08a3b385db2f151598017b63fbcb6c43 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz

[root@localhost softwares]# md5sum mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

686b454f7f7f0b0bf4814929fcd0fa81 mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz

[root@localhost softwares]# tar xfz mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost softwares]# tar xf mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz -C /usr/local/

创建软连接和添加环境变量

[root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local/[root@localhost local]# ln-sv mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql57

‘mysql57’-> ‘mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’

[root@localhost local]# ln-sv mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/mysql8

‘mysql8’-> ‘mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/’

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql57/bin:$PATH

[root@localhost local]# ./etc/profile

查看mysql版本

[root@localhost local]# mysql -V

mysql Ver14.14 Distrib 5.7.26, for linux-glibc2.12 (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper

授权

[root@localhost local]# chown -R mysql.mysql /data /usr/local/mysql*

初始化

不安全的方式(本例选此种方式初始化，也可用于生产环境)

没有密码。也没有密码策略

[root@localhost local]# mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql/data_33062020-05-23T07:18:54.705153Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation formore details).2020-05-23T07:18:54.966921Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2020-05-23T07:18:55.009145Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2020-05-23T07:18:55.066780Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: a9464927-9cc5-11ea-adad-000c295e277d.2020-05-23T07:18:55.067835Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2020-05-23T07:18:55.069022Z 1 [Warning] root@localhost is created with an empty password ! Please consider switching off the --initialize-insecure option.

安全的方式(本例不采用，只做演示)

初始化后会生成临时密码

[root@localhost ~]# mysqld --initialize --user=mysql --basedir=/usr/local/mysql57 --datadir=/data/mysql/data_3306/

2020-05-23T09:04:23.384515Z 0 [Warning] TIMESTAMP with implicit DEFAULT value is deprecated. Please use --explicit_defaults_for_timestamp server option (see documentation formore details).2020-05-23T09:04:24.107635Z 0 [Warning] InnoDB: New log files created, LSN=45790

2020-05-23T09:04:24.163224Z 0[Warning] InnoDB: Creating foreign key constraint system tables.2020-05-23T09:04:24.246032Z 0 [Warning] No existing UUID has been found, so we assume that this is the first time that this server has been started. Generating a new UUID: 65c26572-9cd4-11ea-9c9e-000c295e277d.2020-05-23T09:04:24.246566Z 0 [Warning] Gtid table is not ready to be used. Table 'mysql.gtid_executed'cannot be opened.2020-05-23T09:04:24.253947Z 1 [Note] A temporary password is generated for root@localhost:p6ST4pttak*H

然后使用mysqladmin命令修改密码

[root@localhost~]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@localhost~]# ss -lntp

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=3))

LISTEN0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=4))

LISTEN0 80 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=12550,fd=22))

[root@localhost~]# mysqladmin -uroot -p password Secure.pass@123Enter password:

mysqladmin: [Warning] Using a password on the command lineinterfacecan be insecure.

Warning: Since password will be sent to serverin plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.

编辑配置文件

[root@localhost local]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

user=mysql

basedir=/usr/local/mysql57

datadir=/data/mysql/data_3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

log_bin=/data/mysql/binlog_3306

port=3306server_id=5

[mysql]

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

注意：server_id必须加，要不起不来，报错Starting MySQL. ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/data/mysql/data_3306/db.pid).

启动mysql

添加启动项

[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/mysql57/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

[root@localhost~]# chkconfig --add mysqld

[root@localhost ~]# systemctl start mysqld

[root@localhost~]# ss -lntp

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=3))

LISTEN0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=4))

LISTEN0 80 :::3306 :::*

版本升级

5.7-8.0版本参数的变化

参数比较多，MySQL提供了MySQL shell管理工具来解决这个问题，下载地址：https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/shell/

上传并解压

[root@localhost softwares]# ll

total1156520

-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 644869837 Dec 29 09:41 mysql-5.7.26-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 503854832 Dec 28 03:22 mysql-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.xz-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 35547267 Dec 27 19:08 mysql-shell-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz

[root@localhost softwares]# tar xf mysql-shell-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit.tar.gz -C /usr/local/[root@localhost softwares]# ln-sv /usr/local/mysql-shell-8.0.18-linux-glibc2.12-x86-64bit/ /usr/local/mysql-sh

查看目录结构

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ll /usr/local/mysqlsh/total0drwxr-xr-x 2 7161 31415 58 Sep 13 2019bin

drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 21 Sep 13 2019lib

drwxr-xr-x 3 7161 31415 21 Sep 13 2019 share

添加环境变量

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql57/bin:/usr/local/mysql-sh/bin:$PATH

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ./etc/profile

使用mysqlsh检查版本兼容情况

原版本授权用户

mysql> grant all on *.* to root@'10.0.0.%' identified by '1234';

Query OK,0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

开始检测

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# mysqlsh root:[email protected]:3306 -e "util.checkForServerUpgrade()" > /tmp/upgrade.txt

WARNING: Using a password on the command lineinterface can be insecure.

查看结果

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# less /tmp/upgrade.txt

The MySQL server at10.0.0.10:3306, version 5.7.26-log -MySQL Community Server

(GPL), will now bechecked for compatibility issues forupgrade to MySQL8.0.18...1) Usage of old temporal type

No issues found2) Usage of db objects with names conflicting with newreserved keywords

No issues found3) Usage of utf8mb3 charset

No issues found4) Table names in the mysql schema conflicting with new tables in 8.0No issues found5) Partitioned tables usingengines with non native partitioning

No issues found6) Foreign key constraint names longer than 64characters

No issues found7) Usage of obsolete MAXDB sql_mode flag

No issues found8) Usage of obsolete sql_mode flags

No issues found9) ENUM/SET column definitions containing elements longer than 255characters

No issues found10) Usage of partitioned tables inshared tablespaces

No issues found11) Circular directory references intablespace data file paths

No issues found12) Usage of removed functions

No issues found13) Usage of removed GROUP BY ASC/DESC syntax

No issues found14) Removed system variables forerror logging to the system log configuration

To runthis check requires full path to MySQL server configuration file to be specified at 'configPath'key of options dictionary

More information:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/relnotes/mysql/8.0/en/news-8-0-13.html#mysqld-8-0-13-logging

15) Removed system variables

To runthis check requires full path to MySQL server configuration file to be specified at 'configPath'key of options dictionary

More information:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/added-deprecated-removed.html#optvars-removed

...skipping...

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/added-deprecated-removed.html#optvars-removed

16) System variables with new defaultvalues

To runthis check requires full path to MySQL server configuration file to be specified at 'configPath'key of options dictionary

More information:

https://mysqlserverteam.com/new-defaults-in-mysql-8-0/

17) Schema inconsistencies resulting fromfile removal or corruption

No issues found18) Issues reported by 'check table x for upgrade'command

No issues found19) New defaultauthentication plugin considerations

Warning: Thenew default authentication plugin 'caching_sha2_password'offers

more secure password hashing than previously used'mysql_native_password'(and consequent improved client connection authentication). However, it also

has compatibility implications that may affect existing MySQL installations.

If your MySQL installation must serve pre-8.0clients and you encounter

compatibility issues after upgrading, the simplest way to address those

issuesis to reconfigure the server to revert to the previous defaultauthentication plugin (mysql_native_password). For example, use these linesinthe server option file:

[mysqld]

default_authentication_plugin=mysql_native_password

However, the setting should be viewedas temporary, not as a longterm or

permanent solution, because it causesnewaccounts created with the settingineffect to forego the improved authentication security.

If you areusingreplication please take time to understand how the

authentication plugin changes may impact you.

More information:

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password-compatibility-issues

https://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/8.0/en/upgrading-from-previous-series.html#upgrade-caching-sha2-password-replication

Errors:0Warnings:1Notices:0No fatal errors were found that would prevent an upgrade, but some potential issues were detected. Please ensure that the reported issues are not significant before upgrading.

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# less /tmp/upgrade.txt

No issues found和Warning可以忽略

修改配置文件

本质就是修改环境变量

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# vim /etc/my.cnf

[mysqld]

user=mysql

#basedir=/usr/local/mysql57

basedir=/usr/local/mysql8 # 修改程序路径

datadir=/data/mysql/data_3306

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

log_bin=/data/mysql/binlog_3306

port=3306server_id=5[mysql]

socket=/tmp/mysql.sock

user=root

password=123456

修改环境变量

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# vim /etc/profile

export PATH=/usr/local/mysql8/bin:/usr/local/mysql-sh/bin:$PATH

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ./etc/profile

关闭数据库并备份数据(可以物理备份，也可以逻辑备份)

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ss -lntp

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=3))

LISTEN0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=4))

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# cp /data/mysql/data_3306{,.bak} -r

注意：一旦升级了，很难回退，即使使用逻辑备份，也只能恢复业务表，不能恢复系统表

拷贝启动脚本

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# cp /usr/local/mysql8/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld

cp: overwrite ‘/etc/init.d/mysqld’? y

启动数据库

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# /etc/init.d/mysqld start

Starting MySQL......... SUCCESS!

2020-05-23T10:01:01.128251Z 0 [System] [MY-010116] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld (mysqld 8.0.18) starting as process 20616

2020-05-23T10:01:01.182272Z 1 [System] [MY-011012] [Server] Starting upgrade of data directory.2020-05-23T10:01:03.591196Z 2 [System] [MY-011003] [Server] Finished populating Data Dictionary tables with data.2020-05-23T10:01:04.032546Z 5 [System] [MY-013381] [Server] Server upgrade from '50700' to '80018'started.2020-05-23T10:01:07.110049Z 5 [System] [MY-013381] [Server] Server upgrade from '50700' to '80018'completed.2020-05-23T10:01:08.073459Z 0 [Warning] [MY-010068] [Server] CA certificate ca.pem isself signed.2020-05-23T10:01:08.521931Z 0 [System] [MY-010931] [Server] /usr/local/mysql8/bin/mysqld: ready for connections. Version: '8.0.18' socket: '/tmp/mysql.sock' port: 3306 MySQL Community Server -GPL.2020-05-23T10:01:08.651638Z 0 [System] [MY-011323] [Server] X Plugin ready for connections. Socket: '/tmp/mysqlx.sock' bind-address: '::' port: 33060

查看结果

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ss -lntp

State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port

LISTEN0 128 *:22 *:* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=3))

LISTEN0 128 :::22 :::* users:(("sshd",pid=740,fd=4))

LISTEN0 70 :::33060 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=20616,fd=32))

LISTEN0 128 :::3306 :::* users:(("mysqld",pid=20616,fd=26))

登录查看

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# mysql

Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.

Your MySQL connection idis 10Server version:8.0.18 MySQL Community Server -GPL

Copyright (c)2000, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracleis a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its

affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective

owners.

Type'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

查看升级后数据目录结构变化

8.0的数据目录结构

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ll /data/mysql/data_3306

total175176

-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 56 May 23 05:10auto.cnf-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 May 23 06:01 ca-key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 23 06:01ca.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 23 06:01 client-cert.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1676 May 23 06:01 client-key.pem-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 8811 May 23 06:01db.err-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 6 May 23 06:01db.pid-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 476 May 23 05:58ib_buffer_pool-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 23 06:01ibdata1-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 23 06:01ib_logfile0-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 50331648 May 23 06:01ib_logfile1-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 23 06:01ibtmp1

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 187 May 23 06:01#innodb_temp

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 143 May 23 06:01mysql-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 28311552 May 23 06:01mysql.ibd-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 6 May 23 06:01mysql_upgrade_info

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 8192 May 23 06:01performance_schema-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 May 23 06:01private_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 452 May 23 06:01public_key.pem-rw-r--r-- 1 mysql mysql 1112 May 23 06:01 server-cert.pem-rw------- 1 mysql mysql 1680 May 23 06:01 server-key.pem

drwxr-x--- 2 mysql mysql 28 May 23 06:01sys-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 23 06:01undo_001-rw-r----- 1 mysql mysql 12582912 May 23 06:01 undo_002

5.7的数据目录结构

[root@localhost mysqlsh]# ll /data/mysql/data_3306.bak/total122924

-rw-r----- 1 root root 56 May 23 05:55auto.cnf-rw-r----- 1 root root 3518 May 23 05:55db.err-rw-r----- 1 root root 6 May 23 05:55db.pid-rw-r----- 1 root root 419 May 23 05:55ib_buffer_pool-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 23 05:55ibdata1-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 May 23 05:55ib_logfile0-rw-r----- 1 root root 50331648 May 23 05:55ib_logfile1-rw-r----- 1 root root 12582912 May 23 05:55ibtmp1

drwxr-x--- 2 root root 4096 May 23 05:55mysql

drwxr-x--- 2 root root 8192 May 23 05:55performance_schema

drwxr-x--- 2 root root 8192 May 23 05:55 sys