修辞学 | 双关语 VS Pun

双关语,常现于冷笑话中。冬季,Clown就不再加冰了,会用古老而经典的古诗词为大家解释其概念,愿自行举一反三。

What is Harry Potter's favorite way to get down a hill?

Walking...

JK Rolling

What is Harry Potter's favorite way to get down a hill?(哈利波特最喜欢下山坡的方式是?)Walking … JK Rolling(走下来,逗你的是滚下来才对,JK为Just Kidding缩写,取哈利波特的作者名叫JK Rowling的谐音)。

Korean has soul.

(韩国有自己的灵魂。并且, Soul 和韩国首都首尔(Seoul)的发音相同)

I used to be a banker, but I lost my interest.

(我曾经是个银行家,但我失去了兴趣(我赔了钱))

。              汉语中的双关修辞

双关语(pun)指在一定的语言环境中,利用词的多义和同音的条件,有意使语句具有双重意义,言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。双关可使语言表达得含蓄、幽默,而且能加深语意,给人以深刻印象。

汉语中有两种双关修辞:

1 谐音双关:是指利用一个词意同或音近而兼顾两种不同事物言此指彼的修辞手法。

(1) 音形皆同的谐音双关

毛泽东写于1957年的词《蝶恋花·答李淑一》中有一句:?“我失骄杨君失柳,杨柳轻飏直上重霄九”中的“杨”实际上是指杨开慧,“柳”实际上是指柳直荀。

译文:我失去了深受自己宠爱的妻子杨开慧你失去了你的丈夫柳直荀,杨柳二人的英魂轻轻飘向深广的长空。

(2)同音不同形的谐音双关。如李商隐《无题》“春蚕到死丝方尽,蜡炬成灰泪始干”中“丝”即“思”的意思,以此来表达男女之间的思念。

(3)隐语谐音双关。这种音的深层含义是指一种不能明言的事件或人物命运等。这种双关多用于文学作品中。如《红楼梦》第五回:“可叹停机德,堪怜咏絮才。玉带林中挂,金簪雪里埋。”诗中的“林”中挂的“玉带”,“雪”中埋金簪,加上前面两句诗,暗示了林黛玉、薛宝钗的命运。

(4)曲解谐音,即通过谐音使词的意义扩大,一音多词。

如“谈笑有鸿儒,往来无白丁”中“鸿”谐“红”故能与“白”相对。再如“水舂云母碓,风扫石楠花”中“楠”谐“男”,才能与“母”相对。

2语意双关:是一种根据词的多义条件而故意导致言在此而意在彼的修辞方式。

常见于歇后语中:

“茶壶里煮饺子—心里有嘴倒不出”

“老太太抹口红——给你点颜色瞧瞧。”

广告词中:

露娜的脱毛仪,“脱”字用的好不好呢?

“净”字呢?

。                英文中的Pun

英文定义:

The pun, also called paronomasia, is a form of word play that exploits multiple meanings of a term, or of similar-sounding words, for an intended humorous or rhetorical effect. These ambiguities can arise from the intentional use of homophonic, homographic, metonymic, or figurative language. A pun differs from a malapropism in that a malapropism is an incorrect variation on a correct expression, while a pun involves expressions with multiple (correct or fairly reasonable) interpretations. Puns may be regarded as in-jokes or idiomatic constructions, especially as their usage and meaning are usually specific to a particular language or its culture. (译文:双关语,是一种文字游戏,它利用多义词或发音相似的单词的不同含义来达到预期的幽默或修辞效果。这些歧义可能是由于故意使用谐音双关、语义双关、转喻或修饰语言而引起的。双关语与文字误用的不同之处在于误用是不恰当的表达方式,而双关语涉及具有多种(正确或相当合理)解释的表达。双关语可能被视为开玩笑或惯用语,特别是因为它们的用法和含义通常和语言或其文化有关。)

Puns have a long history in human writing. For example, the Roman playwright Plautus was famous for his puns and word games.(译文:双关语有悠久的历史。例如,罗马剧作家普拉乌图斯(Platutus)就因其双关语和文字游戏而闻名。)

A person who is fond of making puns is called a punster. (The punster, it has been said, is a person who enjoys hearing his friends groan.) (译文:一个喜欢做双关语的人叫做punster。 (据说,punster是喜欢听朋友抱怨的人。))

谐音双关(Homophonic)

例如, 乔治·卡林(George Carlin)名句:"atheism is a non-prophet institution"

the word prophet is put in place of its homophone profit, altering the common phrase "non-profit institution".

语义相关 (Homographic)

"You can tune a guitar, but you can't tuna fish. Unless of course, you play bass."

tuna - tune a 谐音相关

bass - 鲈鱼-电贝斯 语义相关

广告英语中的双关语和翻译

High on Stars

耀夜星河

“星”既指产品系列,又含有高处的意思,又有本身星星的含义同时指出产品设计中的星星形状,你还能体会到更多的意思么?

Dior中的视觉双关 (Visual Pun)

Dior的图形中的双关用的怎么样?jadore 摆出了香水瓶子的形状,品牌名称和包装形状合体,指真我香水系列。

你能发现下面句子中的双关语吗?

Why did the skeleton not cross the road

Because he didn’t have the guts

Did you hear about the Frenchman who jumped off the Eiffel Tower wearing a parachute and landed in the river? The police didn't arrest him because he was clearly in Seine

The star asked the sun why the moon was always up so late. Sun responded that it was just a phase.

Two hats were hanging on a hat rack in the hallway. One hat said to the other, 'You stay here; I'll go on a-head'.

Three brothers bought a ranch in Texas and planned to raise cattle. They couldn't think of a name for their ranch so they asked their mother, who said, "You should name it 'Focus.'" The brothers were puzzled. "Why?" they asked. "Because," said their mother, "'Focus' is where the sun's rays meet."

Do you know why it's easy for a hunter to find a leopard? Because a leopard is always spotted.

A small boy swallowed some coins and was taken to a hospital. When his grandmother telephoned to ask how he was, a nurse said, 'No change yet.'

                      THE END

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