先说总结:
当手机电源按下,引导芯片代码会从Boot Rom开始执行,加载引导程序BootLoader到RAM,然后执行。
BootLoader会启动idle进程(pid=0)。idle进程主要是初始化进程管理、内存管理等。
然后idle进程会启动init进程(pid=1)和kthread进程(pid=2)。init进程作为用户空间的鼻祖。
Init进程先是解析init.rc文件,然后又会通过fork,去加载zygote进程。zygote进程是java进程的鼻祖。
Zygote进程首先会初始化我们的运行时环境,也就是android runtime。因为在zygote之前都是c、c++的运行环境,没有java的运行时环境。
启动运行时环境后,就进入java了。然后zygote进程又会通过fork,加载systemServer进程。android用到的系统服务都是在SystemServer进程中,有90多个服务。像AMS、PMS。
SystemServer启动后,就会启动我们的launcher app。启动launcher app时,会发消息给zygote进程,让zygote进程去启动一个进程,启动进程后,我们的app就会启动自己。
activity是如何启动的?
调用startActivity,通过一系列方法的调用,通过binder通信,进入到systemServer进程。binder拿的systemServer进程中的AMS(10之前)/ATMS(10之后)服务。拿到服务的代理对象后,就会调用服务的startActivity,通过binder通信,进入到systemServer进程中。systemServer进程,先判断要启动的activity所需的进程是否存在,如果不存在,就通过socket通信,通知给zygote进程,创建一个新的进程,然后在新进程中通过反射启动ActivityThread.main()。执行这个方法后,由于新的进程需要被AMS/ATMS管理,所以新的进程会把它的binder对象给到AMS/ATMS中去,AMS/ATMS就会持有新的进程的binder对象,就可以去管理新的进程,从而去管理它的生命周期。如果要启动的activity所需的进程存在,那就不需要通知zygote,而是直接通过进程的binder对象去启动activity。
我们的android系统是基于linux系统的,而在linux中,所有的进程都是由init进程直接或间接fork出来的。zygote也不例外。
在android系统中,zygote是一个进程的名字。当手机开机时,linux系统内核加载完成之后,就会启动init进程。init进程fork出zygote进程。
SystemServer进程也是由zygote进程fork而来。
我们知道,每一个app都是一个单独的dalvik虚拟机,一个独立的进程。所以当系统的第一个zygote进程运行之后,在这之后启动app,相当于开启了一个新的进程。而为了实现资源的共享和更快的启动速度,android系统开启新进程的方式,是通过fork第一个zygote进程实现的。所以说,除了第一个zygote进程,其他应用所有的进程都是由zygote进程的子进程。
AndroidFramework里有两大进程:一个就是zygote进程,另一个就是SystemServer进程。
一、zygote进程
init进程启动zygote进程,fork SystemServer进程。
ZygoteInit 是 zygote 进程的启动类。在zygote开启的时候,会调用ZygoteInit.main()进行初始化。并fork中SystemServer进程。
public static void main(String[] argv) {
......
try {
......
// 在加载首个zygote的时候,会传入初始化参数,使得 startSystemServer = true
boolean startSystemServer = false;
String zygoteSocketName = "zygote";
String abiList = null;
boolean enableLazyPreload = false;
for (int i = 1; i < argv.length; i++) {
if ("start-system-server".equals(argv[i])) {
// 首次加载,置为true
startSystemServer = true;
} else if ("--enable-lazy-preload".equals(argv[i])) {
enableLazyPreload = true
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(ABI_LIST_ARG)) {
abiList = argv[i].substring(ABI_LIST_ARG.length());
} else if (argv[i].startsWith(SOCKET_NAME_ARG)) {
zygoteSocketName = argv[i].substring(SOCKET_NAME_ARG.length());
} else {
throw new RuntimeException("Unknown command line argument: " + argv[i]);
}
}
......
// 开始fork我们的SystemServer进程
if (startSystemServer) {
// forkSystemServer方法的返回值是要么是一个MethodAndArgsCaller对象,要是是null
// 准备参数,fork出ystemServer
Runnable r = forkSystemServer(abiList, zygoteSocketName, zygoteServer);
--> ......
// 请求fork SystemServer 进程
pid = Zygote.forkSystemServer(
parsedArgs.mUid, parsedArgs.mGid,
parsedArgs.mGids,
parsedArgs.mRuntimeFlags, null, parsedArgs.mPermittedCapabilities,
parsedArgs.mEffectiveCapabilities);
--> ......
// SystemServer的命令行参数,这个就是SystemServer.main()的args参数。后面会通过反射调用SystemServer.main()
String[] args = {
"--setuid=1000",
"--setgid=1000",
"--setgroups=1001,1002,1003,1004,1005,1006,1007,1008,1009,1010,1018,1021,1023,"
+ "1024,1032,1065,3001,3002,3003,3006,3007,3009,3010,3011",
"--capabilities=" + capabilities + "," + capabilities,
"--nice-name=system_server",
"--runtime-args",
"--target-sdk-version=" + VMRuntime.SDK_VERSION_CUR_DEVELOPMENT,
"com.android.server.SystemServer",
};
// 在native层fork SystemServer
int pid = nativeForkSystemServer(
uid, gid, gids, runtimeFlags, rlimits,
permittedCapabilities, effectiveCapabilities);
// 如果这是孩子,则为 0,如果这是父母,则为孩子的 pid,或者错误时为 -1。
return pid;
......
return handleSystemServerProcess(parsedArgs);
--> return ZygoteInit.zygoteInit(parsedArgs.mTargetSdkVersion, parsedArgs.mDisabledCompatChanges, parsedArgs.mRemainingArgs, cl);
// 在applicationInit中会对args数组进行解析,转换成有用的Arguments对象
--> return RuntimeInit.applicationInit(targetSdkVersion, disabledCompatChanges, argv, classLoader);
// args.startClass = com.android.server.SystemServer
--> return findStaticMain(args.startClass, args.startArgs, classLoader);
--> ......
Method m;
try {
// 找到SystemServer.main(argv[]) 方法
m = cl.getMethod("main", new Class[] { String[].class });
......
return new MethodAndArgsCaller(m, argv);
}
// r == null,说明在父(zygote)进程中,r != null说明在子(system_server)进程中。
if (r != null) {
// 执行的是MethodAndArgsCaller.run(),run方法内部其实就是通过反射执行SystemServer.main(argv[])
r.run();
return;
}
// 这里面是个while循环,用来接收socket消息。后面介绍启动进程会讲到。
caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
}
......
}
......
}
二、SystemServer进程
1、启动SystemServer进程,完成mSystemContext和ActivityThread的创建,初始化SystemServiceManager对象。
SystemServer.main():
public static void main(String[] args) {
new SystemServer().run();
}
private void run() {
......
// 加载本地系统服务库,并进行初始化
System.loadLibrary("android_servers");
......
// 创建系统上下文
createSystemContext();
// 详细看一下createSystemContext()
// 初始化系统上下文对象mSystemContext,并设置默认的主题。
// mSystemContext实际上是一个ContextImpl对象。
--> private void createSystemContext() {
ActivityThread activityThread = ActivityThread.systemMain();
//
--> ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(true, 0);
--> ContextImpl context = ContextImpl.createAppContext(this, getSystemContext().mPackageInfo);
// 创建了 Application对象,并调用了Application.onCreate()
mInitialApplication = context.mPackageInfo.makeApplication(true, null);
mInitialApplication.onCreate();
return thread;
mSystemContext = activityThread.getSystemContext();
mSystemContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
final Context systemUiContext = activityThread.getSystemUiContext();
systemUiContext.setTheme(DEFAULT_SYSTEM_THEME);
}
// Call per-process mainline module initialization.
ActivityThread.initializeMainlineModules();
// 初始化SystemServiceManager对象,下面的系统服务开启都需要调用SystemServiceManager.startService(Class),这个方法通过反射来启动对应的服务
mSystemServiceManager = new SystemServiceManager(mSystemContext);
......
// 启动服务。接下来我们详细看一下启动的服务。
try {
t.traceBegin("StartServices");
startBootstrapServices(t); // 引导服务:ATMS、AMS等
startCoreServices(t); // 系统所需的核心服务
startOtherServices(t); // 其他服务:WMS等
} catch (Throwable ex) {
Slog.e("System", "******************************************");
Slog.e("System", "************ Failure starting system services", ex);
throw ex;
} finally {
t.traceEnd(); // StartServices
}
......
}
2、启动系统服务,ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService、 WindowManagerService等。
系统里面重要的服务都是在这个进程里面开启的,比如 ActivityManagerService、PackageManagerService、 WindowManagerService等等。在SystemServer 进程开启的时候,会调用SystemServer.main(),初始化ActivityManagerService。
// 在这里开启了几个核心的服务,因为这些服务之间相互依赖,所以都放 在了这个方法里面
private void startBootstrapServices(@NonNull TimingsTraceAndSlog t) {
......
// android10之后,增减了ATMS。用来单独管理activity
// 初始化ATMS
ActivityTaskManagerService atm = mSystemServiceManager.startService(
ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
// 初始化AMS
mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm);
mActivityManagerService.setSystemServiceManager(mSystemServiceManager);
mActivityManagerService.setInstaller(installer);
mWindowManagerGlobalLock = atm.getGlobalLock();
t.traceEnd();
......
// 电源管理器需要尽早启动,因为其他服务需要它。
t.traceBegin("StartPowerManager");
mPowerManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(PowerManagerService.class);
t.traceEnd();
......
// 现在电源管理已经开启,ActivityManagerService负责电源管理功能
t.traceBegin("InitPowerManagement");
mActivityManagerService.initPowerManagement();
t.traceEnd();
......
// 初始化DisplayManagerService
t.traceBegin("StartDisplayManager");
mDisplayManagerService = mSystemServiceManager.startService(DisplayManagerService.class);
t.traceEnd();
......
// 初始化PackageManagerService
t.traceBegin("StartPackageManagerService");
try {
Watchdog.getInstance().pauseWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
mPackageManagerService = PackageManagerService.main(mSystemContext, installer,
domainVerificationService, mFactoryTestMode != FactoryTest.FACTORY_TEST_OFF, mOnlyCore);
} finally {
Watchdog.getInstance().resumeWatchingCurrentThread("packagemanagermain");
}
......
}
2.1 ATMS的创建:
mSystemServiceManager.startService(ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService().
先看mSystemServiceManager.startService(ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class):
mSystemServiceManager.startService() @SystemServer
// 通过反射获取服务
--> final String name = serviceClass.getName(); @SystemServiceManager
final T service;
Constructor constructor = serviceClass.getConstructor(Context.class);
service = constructor.newInstance(mContext);
startService(service);
// 返回的service是T泛型,继承自SystemService
return service;
--> mServices.add(service);
// 启动服务
service.onStart();
根据上面分析,ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle继承自SystemService,mSystemServiceManager.startService(ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.class)最后是调用了ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle.onStart()。
那再来看ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle:
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
// ActivityTaskManagerService.Lifecycle构造中初始化了mService。就是ATMS
mService = new ActivityTaskManagerService(context);
}
public void onStart() {
// 将 ATMS 加入到ServiceManager中
publishBinderService(Context.ACTIVITY_TASK_SERVICE, mService);
// 注册 Binder 服务。
--> ServiceManager.addService(name, service, allowIsolated, dumpPriority); @SystemService
--> getIServiceManager().addService(name, service, allowIsolated, dumpPriority); @ServiceManager
// 调用 ATMS 的start()方法。
mService.start();
}
public ActivityTaskManagerService getService() {
// 将 ATMS 对象返回
return mService;
}
接下来我们看下ActivityTaskManagerService构造方法中做了什么:
public ActivityTaskManagerService(Context context) {
mContext = context;
mFactoryTest = FactoryTest.getMode();
mSystemThread = ActivityThread.currentActivityThread();
mUiContext = mSystemThread.getSystemUiContext();
mLifecycleManager = new ClientLifecycleManager(); // 管理生命周期
mInternal = new LocalService();
GL_ES_VERSION = SystemProperties.getInt("ro.opengles.version", GL_ES_VERSION_UNDEFINED);
mWindowOrganizerController = new WindowOrganizerController(this);
mTaskOrganizerController = mWindowOrganizerController.mTaskOrganizerController;
}
ActivityServer进程创建了SystemServiceManager,然后SystemServiceManager来启动各种服务,并将对应的服务添加到SystemService中。
2.2 AMS的创建:
mActivityManagerService = ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.startService(mSystemServiceManager, atm);
ActivityManagerService中同样有一个Lifecycle
public Lifecycle(Context context) {
super(context);
// ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle构造中初始化了mService。就是AMS
mService = new ActivityManagerService(context, sAtm);
}
public static ActivityManagerService startService(
SystemServiceManager ssm, ActivityTaskManagerService atm) {
sAtm = atm; // atm就是 ATMS
// 还是由SystemServiceManager启动服务
return ssm.startService(ActivityManagerService.Lifecycle.class).getService();
}
public ActivityManagerService getService() {
return mService;
}
接下来我们看下ActivityManagerService构造方法中做了什么:
public ActivityManagerService(Context systemContext, ActivityTaskManagerService atm) {
······
// 广播的管理
final BroadcastConstants foreConstants = new BroadcastConstants(
Settings.Global.BROADCAST_FG_CONSTANTS);
foreConstants.TIMEOUT = BROADCAST_FG_TIMEOUT;
final BroadcastConstants backConstants = new BroadcastConstants(
Settings.Global.BROADCAST_BG_CONSTANTS);
backConstants.TIMEOUT = BROADCAST_BG_TIMEOUT;
final BroadcastConstants offloadConstants = new BroadcastConstants(
Settings.Global.BROADCAST_OFFLOAD_CONSTANTS);
offloadConstants.TIMEOUT = BROADCAST_BG_TIMEOUT;
// by default, no "slow" policy in this queue
offloadConstants.SLOW_TIME = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
mEnableOffloadQueue = SystemProperties.getBoolean(
"persist.device_config.activity_manager_native_boot.offload_queue_enabled", false);
mFgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"foreground", foreConstants, false);
mBgBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"background", backConstants, true);
mOffloadBroadcastQueue = new BroadcastQueue(this, mHandler,
"offload", offloadConstants, true);
// 三种广播形式
mBroadcastQueues[0] = mFgBroadcastQueue;
mBroadcastQueues[1] = mBgBroadcastQueue;
mBroadcastQueues[2] = mOffloadBroadcastQueue;
// Services的管理
mServices = new ActiveServices(this);
......
// 电量状态的管理
// TODO: Move creation of battery stats service outside of activity manager service.
mBatteryStatsService = new BatteryStatsService(systemContext, systemDir,
BackgroundThread.get().getHandler());
mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().readLocked();
mBatteryStatsService.scheduleWriteToDisk();
mOnBattery = DEBUG_POWER ? true
: mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().getIsOnBattery();
mBatteryStatsService.getActiveStatistics().setCallback(this);
mOomAdjProfiler.batteryPowerChanged(mOnBattery);
// 进程状态的管理
mProcessStats = new ProcessStatsService(this, new File(systemDir, "procstats"));
mAppOpsService = mInjector.getAppOpsService(new File(systemDir, "appops.xml"), mHandler);
mUgmInternal = LocalServices.getService(UriGrantsManagerInternal.class);
mUserController = new UserController(this);
mPendingIntentController = new PendingIntentController(
mHandlerThread.getLooper(), mUserController, mConstants);
if (SystemProperties.getInt("sys.use_fifo_ui", 0) != 0) {
mUseFifoUiScheduling = true;
}
mTrackingAssociations = "1".equals(SystemProperties.get("debug.track-associations"));
mIntentFirewall = new IntentFirewall(new IntentFirewallInterface(), mHandler);
// mActivityTaskManager就是 ATMS
mActivityTaskManager = atm;
// ATMS进行初始化,下面我们看下ATMS初始化中干了什么
mActivityTaskManager.initialize(mIntentFirewall, mPendingIntentController,
DisplayThread.get().getLooper());
// 获取ATMInternal,后面会讲到。先有个印象
mAtmInternal = LocalServices.getService(ActivityTaskManagerInternal.class);
......
mInternal = new LocalService();
mPendingStartActivityUids = new PendingStartActivityUids(mContext);
}
mActivityTaskManager.initialize():
public void initialize(IntentFirewall intentFirewall, PendingIntentController intentController,
Looper looper) {
mH = new H(looper);
mUiHandler = new UiHandler();
mIntentFirewall = intentFirewall;
final File systemDir = SystemServiceManager.ensureSystemDir();
mAppWarnings = createAppWarnings(mUiContext, mH, mUiHandler, systemDir);
mCompatModePackages = new CompatModePackages(this, systemDir, mH);
mPendingIntentController = intentController;
// 创建ActivityStackSupervisor
mStackSupervisor = createStackSupervisor();
mTaskChangeNotificationController =
new TaskChangeNotificationController(mGlobalLock, mStackSupervisor, mH);
mLockTaskController = new LockTaskController(mContext, mStackSupervisor, mH);
// 控制activity的启动,这个后面还会讲到
mActivityStartController = new ActivityStartController(this);
// 最近使用的app
setRecentTasks(new RecentTasks(this, mStackSupervisor));
mVrController = new VrController(mGlobalLock);
mKeyguardController = mStackSupervisor.getKeyguardController();
}
经过上面这些步骤,我们的ActivityManagerService对象已经创建好了,并且完成了成员变量的初始化。而且在这之前,调用createSystemContext()创建上下文的时候,也已经完成了mSystemContext和ActivityThread的创建。注意,这是系统进程开启时的流程。在这之后,会开启系统的Launcher程序,完成系统界面的加载与显示。
2.3 WMS的创建和绑定
private void startOtherServices(@NonNull TimingsTraceAndSlog t) {
t.traceBegin("startOtherServices");
......
WindowManagerService wm = null;
......
t.traceBegin("StartWindowManagerService");
// WMS 需要准备好传感器服务
ConcurrentUtils.waitForFutureNoInterrupt(mSensorServiceStart, START_SENSOR_SERVICE);
mSensorServiceStart = null;
wm = WindowManagerService.main(context, inputManager, !mFirstBoot, mOnlyCore,
new PhoneWindowManager(), mActivityManagerService.mActivityTaskManager);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.WINDOW_SERVICE, wm, /* allowIsolated= */ false,
DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL | DUMP_FLAG_PROTO);
ServiceManager.addService(Context.INPUT_SERVICE, inputManager,
/* allowIsolated= */ false, DUMP_FLAG_PRIORITY_CRITICAL);
t.traceEnd();
t.traceBegin("SetWindowManagerService");
// AMS 绑定 WMS
mActivityManagerService.setWindowManager(wm);
t.traceEnd();
t.traceBegin("WindowManagerServiceOnInitReady");
wm.onInitReady();
t.traceEnd();
......
// 启动 Launcher
mActivityManagerService.systemReady(() -> {
······
// 启动 SystemUi
startSystemUi(context, windowManagerF);
......
}, t);
}
WindowManagerService.main():
public static WindowManagerService main(final Context context, final InputManagerService im,
final boolean showBootMsgs, final boolean onlyCore, WindowManagerPolicy policy,
ActivityTaskManagerService atm, Supplier transactionFactory,
Supplier surfaceFactory,
Function surfaceControlFactory) {
DisplayThread.getHandler().runWithScissors(() ->
// 创建WindowManagerService对象
sInstance = new WindowManagerService(context, im, showBootMsgs, onlyCore, policy,
atm, transactionFactory, surfaceFactory, surfaceControlFactory), 0);
return sInstance;
}
3、Launcher进程的启动
mActivityManagerService.systemReady()
// mAtmInternal还记得是什么吗?在AMS的构造方法中获取的。就是ActivityTaskManagerInternal。
// ActivityTaskManagerInternal是个抽象类,ATMS实现了它。
// 所以我们进入到ATMS中看resumeTopActivities()方法
--> mAtmInternal.resumeTopActivities(false /* scheduleIdle */); @ActivityManagerService
--> mRootWindowContainer.resumeFocusedStacksTopActivities(); @ActivityTaskServiceManager
// 这边分成两步走,但最后都是调用的 resumeHomeActivity()
--> if (focusedStack != null) { @RootWindowContainer
// 会执行这个...
result |= focusedStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);
// 关键方法:resumeTopActivityInnerLocked()
--> result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options); @ActivityStack
--> return resumeNextFocusableActivityWhenStackIsEmpty(prev, options);
--> return mRootWindowContainer.resumeHomeActivity(prev, reason, getDisplayArea());
} else if (targetStack == null) {
result |= resumeHomeActivity(null /* prev */, "no-focusable-task",
display.getDefaultTaskDisplayArea());
}
接下来重点看下RootWindowContainer.resumeHomeActivity(prev, reason, getDisplayArea());
RootWindowContainer.resumeHomeActivity(prev, reason, getDisplayArea());
--> return startHomeOnTaskDisplayArea(mCurrentUser, myReason, taskDisplayArea,
false /* allowInstrumenting */, false /* fromHomeKey */);
// mService就是 ATMS。在创建AMS的时候,初始化ATMS的方法中,new出来一个ActivityStartController,用来控制activity的启动。
// 这里获取到ActivityStartController,去启动HomeActivity。这个方法很重要。。。。
--> mService.getActivityStartController().startHomeActivity(homeIntent, aInfo, myReason,
taskDisplayArea);
// obtainStarter返回的是ActivityStarter对象,经过一系列设置,最后执行的是ActivityStarter.execute()
// ActivityStarter.execute()非常关键!!!重点!!!跟栈的管理相关
--> mLastHomeActivityStartResult = obtainStarter(intent, "startHomeActivity: " + reason)
.setOutActivity(tmpOutRecord)
.setCallingUid(0)
.setActivityInfo(aInfo)
.setActivityOptions(options.toBundle())
.execute(); @ActivityStartController
上面执行到 ActivityStarter.execute(),这个方法很关键。我们接下来看这个方法。
ActivityStarter.execute()
--> res = executeRequest(mRequest);
--> ActivityRecord sourceRecord = null; // 启动方
ActivityRecord resultRecord = null; // 将要启动的
......
mLastStartActivityResult = startActivityUnchecked(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession,
request.voiceInteractor, startFlags, true /* doResume */, checkedOptions, inTask,
restrictedBgActivity, intentGrants);
--> result = startActivityInner(r, sourceRecord, voiceSession, voiceInteractor,
startFlags, doResume, options, inTask, restrictedBgActivity, intentGrants);
--> mRootWindowContainer.resumeFocusedStacksTopActivities(mTargetStack, mStartActivity, mOptions);
--> result = targetStack.resumeTopActivityUncheckedLocked(target, targetOptions);@RootWindowContainer
// 这个方法就非常关键了。。。
--> result = resumeTopActivityInnerLocked(prev, options);@ActivityStack
// 这个相当重要。。。下面着重看。。。
--> mStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity(next, true, true);
ActivityStackSupervisor.startSpecificActivity()。这个方法非常非常重要!!!要记住!!!
void startSpecificActivity(ActivityRecord r, boolean andResume, boolean checkConfig) {
// 判断要启动的activity的application是否已经在运行中?
// Is this activity's application already running?
final WindowProcessController wpc =
mService.getProcessController(r.processName, r.info.applicationInfo.uid);
boolean knownToBeDead = false;
// 进程已经存在
if (wpc != null && wpc.hasThread()) {
try {
// 真正的去启动Activity
realStartActivityLocked(r, wpc, andResume, checkConfig);
return;
} catch (RemoteException e) {
Slog.w(TAG, "Exception when starting activity "
+ r.intent.getComponent().flattenToShortString(), e);
}
// If a dead object exception was thrown -- fall through to
// restart the application.
knownToBeDead = true;
}
r.notifyUnknownVisibilityLaunchedForKeyguardTransition();
final boolean isTop = andResume && r.isTopRunningActivity();
// 如果进程还不存在,就在这里去启动app的进程。。。mService是ATMS.
mService.startProcessAsync(r, knownToBeDead, isTop, isTop ? "top-activity" : "activity");
}
3.1 AMS创建socket去通知zygote,创建Launcher进程
ActivityTaskManagerService.startProcessAsync();
// ActivityManagerInternal::startProcess,代表调用的是ActivityManagerService.startProcess()。
--> final Message m = PooledLambda.obtainMessage(ActivityManagerInternal::startProcess,
mAmInternal, activity.processName, activity.info.applicationInfo, knownToBeDead,
isTop, hostingType, activity.intent.getComponent()); @ActivityTaskManagerService
--> ActivityManagerService.startProcess()
// 只关注方法的调用,参数太多,可以不看。下面的参数都省略
--> startProcessLocked();
--> return mProcessList.startProcessLocked();
--> final Process.ProcessStartResult startResult = startProcess();@ProcessList
--> startResult = Process.start();
--> return ZYGOTE_PROCESS.start();
--> return startViaZygote();@ZygoteProcess
--> ......
// args配置的参数
argsForZygote.add("--runtime-args");
argsForZygote.add("--setuid=" + uid);
argsForZygote.add("--setgid=" + gid);
......
// openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(),打开Zygote的Socket
return zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(abi),
zygotePolicyFlags,
argsForZygote);
创建socket与zygote的socke连接
ZygoteProcess.openZygoteSocketIfNeeded(String abi)
// 与zygote的socke创建连接
--> attemptConnectionToPrimaryZygote();
--> primaryZygoteState = ZygoteState.connect(mZygoteSocketAddress, mUsapPoolSocketAddress);
socket通知zygote
ZygoteProcess.zygoteSendArgsAndGetResult()
--> return attemptZygoteSendArgsAndGetResult(zygoteState, msgStr);
// socket 操作
--> final BufferedWriter zygoteWriter = zygoteState.mZygoteOutputWriter;
final DataInputStream zygoteInputStream = zygoteState.mZygoteInputStream;
zygoteWriter.write(msgStr);
zygoteWriter.flush();
3.2 zygote收到socket通知后,创建Launcher进程
还记得上面有提过在zygote进程中有个死循环,用来接收socket消息的么?
ZygoteInit.main()
--> caller = zygoteServer.runSelectLoop(abiList);
--> ......
while (true) {
......
// 进行等待
pollReturnValue = Os.poll(pollFDs, pollTimeoutMs);
......
// 有socket消息时,进行处理
ZygoteConnection connection = peers.get(pollIndex);
final Runnable command = connection.processOneCommand(this);
// 创建pid。关注方法,参数不重要,省略
--> pid = Zygote.forkAndSpecialize();
// 反射调用ActivityThread.main()
--> return handleChildProc(parsedArgs, childPipeFd, parsedArgs.mStartChildZygote);
反射调用了ActivityThread.main()
ActivityThread.main()
--> ActivityThread thread = new ActivityThread();
thread.attach(false, startSeq);
// 把应用的句柄发给AMS,让AMS进行统一管理。句柄就是ApplicationThread,
--> mgr.attachApplication(mAppThread, startSeq);
--> attachApplicationLocked(thread, callingPid, callingUid, startSeq);@ActivityManagerService
// 关注方法,参数不重要,省略
--> thread.bindApplication();
......
didSomething = mAtmInternal.attachApplication(app.getWindowProcessController());
--> return mRootWindowContainer.attachApplication(wpc);
// RootWindowContainer::startActivityForAttachedApplicationIfNeeded
--> final PooledFunction c = PooledLambda.obtainFunction(
RootWindowContainer::startActivityForAttachedApplicationIfNeeded, this,
PooledLambda.__(ActivityRecord.class), app, stack.topRunningActivity());
// 还记得前面有区分进程是否存在的地方吗?不管进程存不存在,最后启动activity都是调用的是StackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked()
--> mStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked(r, app, top == r /*andResume*/, true /*checkConfig*/)
3.3 zygote进程启动launcher进程
ActivityStackSupervisor.realStartActivityLocked()
// 添加callBack。关注方法,参数省略。后面会用到。。。
--> clientTransaction.addCallback(LaunchActivityItem.obtain(......);
......
// ActivityTaskManagerService.getLifecycleManager() = ClientLifecycleManager
mService.getLifecycleManager().scheduleTransaction(clientTransaction);
--> transaction.schedule();
// mClient是IApplicationThread的实例,也就是ActivityThread对象。
--> mClient.scheduleTransaction(this);
// 调用ActivityThread父类ClientTransactionHandler的scheduleTransaction()方法。
--> ActivityThread.this.scheduleTransaction(transaction);@ActivityThread
// 又调用ActivityThread的sendMessage()方法,发送EXECUTE_TRANSACTION消息
--> sendMessage(ActivityThread.H.EXECUTE_TRANSACTION, transaction);
--> mH.sendMessage(msg);
接收EXECUTE_TRANSACTION消息
case EXECUTE_TRANSACTION:
final ClientTransaction transaction = (ClientTransaction) msg.obj;
mTransactionExecutor.execute(transaction);
--> executeCallbacks(transaction);@TransactionExecutor
//
--> for (int i = 0; i < size; ++i) {
final ClientTransactionItem item = callbacks.get(i);
......
// 这里的item就是上面添加的LaunchActivityItem。
item.execute(mTransactionHandler, token, mPendingActions);
--> ActivityClientRecord r = new ActivityClientRecord(token, mIntent, mIdent, mInfo, mOverrideConfig, mCompatInfo, mReferrer, mVoiceInteractor, mState, mPersistentState, mPendingResults, mPendingNewIntents, mIsForward, mProfilerInfo, client, mAssistToken, mFixedRotationAdjustments);
// ActivityThread.handleLaunchActivity()
client.handleLaunchActivity(r, pendingActions, null /* customIntent */);
--> final Activity a = performLaunchActivity(r, customIntent);@ActivityThread
--> java.lang.ClassLoader cl = appContext.getClassLoader();
// 反射创建activity
activity = mInstrumentation.newActivity(cl, component.getClassName(), r.intent);
......
// 调用activity的oncreate方法
if (r.isPersistable()) {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state, r.persistentState);
} else {
mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state);
}
......
}
......
break;
经过上面一系列调用,最终调用了mInstrumentation.callActivityOnCreate(activity, r.state)。后面的流程就和app的启动流程一样了,后面一起分析。
为什么说AMS是服务端对象呢?那就要说到android系统里的服务器和客户端的概念。
其实服务器客户端的概念不仅仅存在于web开发中,在android的框架设计中,使用的也是这一种模式。服务器端指的就是所有app共用的系统服务,比如我们这里提到的ActivityManagerService,和前面提到的PackageManagerService、WindowManagerService等等,这些基础的系统服务是被所有app共用的,当某个app想实现某个操作的时候,要告诉这些系统服务,比如你想要打开一个app,那么我们知道了包名和MainActivity类名之后就可以打开。
Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_MAIN);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_LAUNCHER);
ComponentName cn = new ComponentName(packageName, className);
intent.setComponent(cn);
startActivity(intent);
但是,我们的app通过调用startActivity()并不能直接打开另一个app,这个方法会通过一系列的调用,最后还是告诉AMS说:我要打开这个app,我知道它的地址和名字,你帮我打开吧!所以是AMS来通知zygote进程来fork一个新进程,来开启我们的目标app的。这就像是浏览器想要打开一个超链接,浏览器把网址发送给服务器,然后由服务器把需要的资源文件发送给客户端。
知道了Android Framework的客户端服务器架构后,我们还需要了解一件事,就是我们的app和AMS(SystemServer进程),还有zygote进程分属于三个独立的进程,那它们之间是怎么通信的呢?
app和AMS(SystemServer进程)通过 Binder 进行IPC通信,AMS和zygote通过 Socket 进行IPC通信。
那么AMS有什么用呢?在前面我们知道了,如果想要打开一个app的话,需要AMS去通知zygote进程,除此之外,其实所有的Activity的开启、暂停、关闭都需要AMS来控制。所以我们说AMS控制系统中所有Activity的生命周期。
在andorid系统中,任何一个activity的启动都是由AMS和应用程序进程(只要是ActivityThread)相互配合来完成的。AMS服务统一调度系统中所有进程的Activity启动,而每个Activity的启动过程则由其所属的进程具体来完成。
后面专门介绍下AMS与ActivityThread是如何通力合作一起控制Activiy的生命周期。