一.Volley的基本使用
1.volley简单使用
-
1.创建一个RequestQueue
RequestQueue requestQueue = Volley.newReequestQueue(context);
-
2.创建一个StringRequest对象
StringRequest sq = new StringRequest("www.baidu.com",new Request.Listener(){
@overide
public void onRespose(String res){
Log.d("TAG",res)
}
},new Respose.ErrorListener(){
@Override
public void onErrorRespose(VolleyError error){
log.e("TAG",error.getMessage(),error)
}
});
-
3.把StringRequest对象添加到RequestQueue
requestQueue.add(sq);
2.其他
StringRequest的请求方式 ---四参构造方法
StringRequest stringRequest = new StringRequest(Method.POST, url, listener, errorListener) {
@Override
protected Map getParams() throws AuthFailureError {
Map map = new HashMap();
map.put("params1", "value1");
map.put("params2", "value2");
return map;
}
};
JsonRequest的用法
StringRequest,JsonRequest也是继承自Request类的不过由于JsonRequest是一个抽象类,因此我们无法直接创建它的实例,那么只能从它的子类入手了。JsonRequest有两个直接的子类,JsonObjectRequest和JsonArrayRequest
JsonObjectRequest jsonObjectRequest = new JsonObjectRequest("http://m.weather.com.cn/data/101010100.html",null,new Respose.Listener(){
@Override
public void onRespose(JSONObject respose){
log.d("TAG",response.toString());
}
},new Respose.ErrorListener(){
@Override
public void onErrorListener(VolleyError error){
Log.e("TAG",error.getMessage(),error);
}
});
//最后把它添加到RequestQueue就可以了
mQueue.add(jsonObjectRequest);
2.使用Volley加载网络图片
1.ImageRequest的用法
1.创建RequestQueue对象
RequestQueue rq = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
2.创建ImageRequest对像
ImageRequest ir = new ImageRequest("image_url",new Respose>listener(){
@Override
public void onRespose(Bitmap res){
imageview.setImageBitmap(res);
}
},0,0,Config.RGB_565,new Response.ErrorListener(){
@Override
public void onErrorRespose(VolleyReeor error){
imageView.setImageResource(R.drawable.default_image);
}
})
可以看到,ImageRequest的构造函数接收六个参数,第一个参数就是图片的URL地址,这个没什么需要解释的。第二个参数是图片请求成功的回调,这里我们把返回的Bitmap参数设置到ImageView中。第三第四个参数分别用于指定允许图片最大的宽度和高度,如果指定的网络图片的宽度或高度大于这里的最大值,则会对图片进行压缩,指定成0的话就表示不管图片有多大,都不会进行压缩。第五个参数用于指定图片的颜色属性,Bitmap.Config下的几个常量都可以在这里使用,其中ARGB_8888可以展示最好的颜色属性,每个图片像素占据4个字节的大小,而RGB_565则表示每个图片像素占据2个字节大小。第六个参数是图片请求失败的回调,这里我们当请求失败时在ImageView中显示一张默认图片。
3.最后将ImageRequest对象添加到RequestQueue中
mQueue.add(imageRequest);
2.ImageLoader的用法
由于ImageLoader已经不是继承自Request的了,所以它的用法也和我们之前学到的内容有所不同,总结起来大致可以分为以下四步:
1. 创建一个RequestQueue对象。
RequestQueue rq = Volley.newRequestQueue(context);
2. 创建一个ImageLoader对象。
ImageLoader imageLoader = new ImageLoader(rq,new ImageCache(){
@Override
public void putBitmap(String url,Bitmap bitmap){
}
@Override
public Bitmap getBitmap(String url){
return null
}
})
3. 获取一个ImageListener对象。
ImageListener listener = ImageLoader.getImagerListener(imageview,R.drawable.default,R.drawable.failed_image);
我们通过调用ImageLoader的getImageListener()方法能够获取到一个ImageListener对象,getImageListener()方法接收三个参数,第一个参数指定用于显示图片的ImageView控件,第二个参数指定加载图片的过程中显示的图片,第三个参数指定加载图片失败的情况下显示的图片。
4. 调用ImageLoader的get()方法加载网络上的图片。
imageLoader.get("image_url",listener);
get()方法接收两个参数,第一个参数就是图片的URL地址,第二个参数则是刚刚获取到的ImageListener对象。当然,如果你想对图片的大小进行限制,也可以使用get()方法的重载,指定图片允许的最大宽度和高度,如下所示:
imageLoader.get("http://img.my.csdn.net/uploads/201404/13/1397393290_5765.jpeg", listener, 200, 200);
三 定制自己的Request
主要参考StringRequest 继承Request
首先是StringRequest的源码
/**
* A canned request for retrieving the response body at a given URL as a String.
*/
public class StringRequest extends Request {
private final Listener mListener;
/**
* Creates a new request with the given method.
*
* @param method the request {@link Method} to use
* @param url URL to fetch the string at
* @param listener Listener to receive the String response
* @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
*/
public StringRequest(int method, String url, Listener listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mListener = listener;
}
/**
* Creates a new GET request.
*
* @param url URL to fetch the string at
* @param listener Listener to receive the String response
* @param errorListener Error listener, or null to ignore errors
*/
public StringRequest(String url, Listener listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(String response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
@Override
protected Response parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
String parsed;
try {
parsed = new String(response.data, HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
parsed = new String(response.data);
}
return Response.success(parsed, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
}
}
可以看到,StringRequest的源码很简练,根本就没几行代码,我们一起来分析下。首先StringRequest是继承自Request类的,Request可以指定一个泛型类,这里指定的当然就是String了,接下来StringRequest中提供了两个有参的构造函数,参数包括请求类型,请求地址,以及响应回调等,由于我们已经很熟悉StringRequest的用法了,相信这几个参数的作用都不用再解释了吧。但需要注意的是,在构造函数中一定要调用super()方法将这几个参数传给父类,因为HTTP的请求和响应都是在父类中自动处理的。
另外,由于Request类中的deliverResponse()和parseNetworkResponse()是两个抽象方法,因此StringRequest中需要对这两个方法进行实现。deliverResponse()方法中的实现很简单,仅仅是调用了mListener中的onResponse()方法,并将response内容传入即可,这样就可以将服务器响应的数据进行回调了。parseNetworkResponse()方法中则应该对服务器响应的数据进行解析,其中数据是以字节的形式存放在NetworkResponse的data变量中的,这里将数据取出然后组装成一个String,并传入Response的success()方法中即可。
下面我们就可以动手来尝试实现一下XMLRequest了,代码如下所示:
public class XMLRequest extends Request {
private final Listener mListener;
public XMLRequest(int method, String url, Listener listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mListener = listener;
}
public XMLRequest(String url, Listener listener, ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected Response parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String xmlString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
XmlPullParserFactory factory = XmlPullParserFactory.newInstance();
XmlPullParser xmlPullParser = factory.newPullParser();
xmlPullParser.setInput(new StringReader(xmlString));
return Response.success(xmlPullParser, HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
} catch (XmlPullParserException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(XmlPullParser response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
}
自定义GsonRequest
public class GsonRequest extends Request {
private final Listener mListener;
private Gson mGson;
private Class mClass;
public GsonRequest(int method, String url, Class clazz, Listener listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
super(method, url, errorListener);
mGson = new Gson();
mClass = clazz;
mListener = listener;
}
public GsonRequest(String url, Class clazz, Listener listener,
ErrorListener errorListener) {
this(Method.GET, url, clazz, listener, errorListener);
}
@Override
protected Response parseNetworkResponse(NetworkResponse response) {
try {
String jsonString = new String(response.data,
HttpHeaderParser.parseCharset(response.headers));
return Response.success(mGson.fromJson(jsonString, mClass),
HttpHeaderParser.parseCacheHeaders(response));
} catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
return Response.error(new ParseError(e));
}
}
@Override
protected void deliverResponse(T response) {
mListener.onResponse(response);
}
}
带你从源码的角度理解Volley
核心思路:我们在主线程中调用RequestQueue的add()方法来添加一条网络请求,这条请求会先被加入到缓存队列当中,如果发现可以找到相应的缓存结果就直接读取缓存并解析,然后回调给主线程。如果在缓存中没有找到结果,则将这条请求加入到网络请求队列中,然后处理发送HTTP请求,解析响应结果,写入缓存,并回调主线程。
开始
说起分析源码,那么应该从哪儿开始看起呢?这就要回顾一下Volley的用法了,还记得吗,使用Volley的第一步,首先要调用Volley.newRequestQueue(context)方法来获取一个RequestQueue对象,那么我们自然要从这个方法开始看起了,代码如下所示:
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context context) {
return newRequestQueue(context, null);
}
这个方法仅仅只有一行代码,只是调用了newRequestQueue()的方法重载,并给第二个参数传入null。那我们看下带有两个参数的newRequestQueue()方法中的代码,如下所示:
public static RequestQueue newRequestQueue(Context content,HttpStack stack){
File cacheDir = new File(context.getCacheDir(), DEFAULT_CACHE_DIR);
String userAgent = "volley/0";
try {
String packageName = context.getPackageName();
PackageInfo info = context.getPackageManager().getPackageInfo(packageName, 0);
userAgent = packageName + "/" + info.versionCode;
} catch (NameNotFoundException e) {
}
if (stack == null) {
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 9) {
stack = new HurlStack();
} else {
stack = new HttpClientStack(AndroidHttpClient.newInstance(userAgent));
}
}
Network network = new BasicNetwork(stack);
RequestQueue queue = new RequestQueue(new DiskBasedCache(cacheDir), network);
queue.start();
return queue;
}
可以看到,这里在第10行判断如果stack是等于null的,则去创建一个HttpStack对象,这里会判断如果手机系统版本号是大于9的,则创建一个HurlStack的实例,否则就创建一个HttpClientStack的实例。实际上HurlStack的内部就是使用HttpURLConnection进行网络通讯的,而HttpClientStack的内部则是使用HttpClient进行网络通讯的.
创建好了HttpStack之后,接下来又创建了一个Network对象,它是用于根据传入的HttpStack对象来处理网络请求的,紧接着new出一个RequestQueue对象,并调用它的start()方法进行启动,然后将RequestQueue返回,这样newRequestQueue()的方法就执行结束了。
那么RequestQueue的start()方法内部到底执行了什么东西呢?我们跟进去瞧一瞧:
public void start() {
stop(); // Make sure any currently running dispatchers are stopped.
// Create the cache dispatcher and start it.
mCacheDispatcher = new CacheDispatcher(mCacheQueue, mNetworkQueue, mCache, mDelivery);
mCacheDispatcher.start();
// Create network dispatchers (and corresponding threads) up to the pool size.
for (int i = 0; i < mDispatchers.length; i++) {
NetworkDispatcher networkDispatcher = new NetworkDispatcher(mNetworkQueue, mNetwork,
mCache, mDelivery);
mDispatchers[i] = networkDispatcher;
networkDispatcher.start();
}
}
这里先是创建了一个CacheDispatcher的实例,然后调用了它的start()方法,接着在一个for循环里去创建NetworkDispatcher的实例,并分别调用它们的start()方法。这里的CacheDispatcher和NetworkDispatcher都是继承自Thread的,而默认情况下for循环会执行四次,也就是说当调用了Volley.newRequestQueue(context)之后,就会有五个线程一直在后台运行,不断等待网络请求的到来,其中CacheDispatcher是缓存线程,NetworkDispatcher是网络请求线程。
addRequest
得到了RequestQueue之后,我们只需要构建出相应的Request,然后调用RequestQueue的add()方法将Request传入就可以完成网络请求操作了,那么不用说,add()方法的内部肯定有着非常复杂的逻辑,我们来一起看一下:
public Request add(Request request) {
// Tag the request as belonging to this queue and add it to the set of current requests.
request.setRequestQueue(this);
synchronized (mCurrentRequests) {
mCurrentRequests.add(request);
}
// Process requests in the order they are added.
request.setSequence(getSequenceNumber());
request.addMarker("add-to-queue");
// If the request is uncacheable, skip the cache queue and go straight to the network.
if (!request.shouldCache()) {
mNetworkQueue.add(request);
return request;
}
// Insert request into stage if there's already a request with the same cache key in flight.
synchronized (mWaitingRequests) {
String cacheKey = request.getCacheKey();
if (mWaitingRequests.containsKey(cacheKey)) {
// There is already a request in flight. Queue up.
Queue> stagedRequests = mWaitingRequests.get(cacheKey);
if (stagedRequests == null) {
stagedRequests = new LinkedList>();
}
stagedRequests.add(request);
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, stagedRequests);
if (VolleyLog.DEBUG) {
VolleyLog.v("Request for cacheKey=%s is in flight, putting on hold.", cacheKey);
}
} else {
// Insert 'null' queue for this cacheKey, indicating there is now a request in
// flight.
mWaitingRequests.put(cacheKey, null);
mCacheQueue.add(request);
}
return request;
}
}
可以看到,在第11行的时候会判断当前的请求是否可以缓存,如果不能缓存则在第12行直接将这条请求加入网络请求队列,可以缓存的话则在第33行将这条请求加入缓存队列。在默认情况下,每条请求都是可以缓存的,当然我们也可以调用Request的setShouldCache(false)方法来改变这一默认行为。
OK,那么既然默认每条请求都是可以缓存的,自然就被添加到了缓存队列中,于是一直在后台等待的缓存线程就要开始运行起来了,我们看下CacheDispatcher中的run()方法,代码如下所示:
public class CacheDispatcher extends Thread {
……
@Override
public void run() {
if (DEBUG) VolleyLog.v("start new dispatcher");
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
// Make a blocking call to initialize the cache.
mCache.initialize();
while (true) {
try {
// Get a request from the cache triage queue, blocking until
// at least one is available.
final Request> request = mCacheQueue.take();
request.addMarker("cache-queue-take");
// If the request has been canceled, don't bother dispatching it.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("cache-discard-canceled");
continue;
}
// Attempt to retrieve this item from cache.
Cache.Entry entry = mCache.get(request.getCacheKey());
if (entry == null) {
request.addMarker("cache-miss");
// Cache miss; send off to the network dispatcher.
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
// If it is completely expired, just send it to the network.
if (entry.isExpired()) {
request.addMarker("cache-hit-expired");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
continue;
}
// We have a cache hit; parse its data for delivery back to the request.
request.addMarker("cache-hit");
Response> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(
new NetworkResponse(entry.data, entry.responseHeaders));
request.addMarker("cache-hit-parsed");
if (!entry.refreshNeeded()) {
// Completely unexpired cache hit. Just deliver the response.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} else {
// Soft-expired cache hit. We can deliver the cached response,
// but we need to also send the request to the network for
// refreshing.
request.addMarker("cache-hit-refresh-needed");
request.setCacheEntry(entry);
// Mark the response as intermediate.
response.intermediate = true;
// Post the intermediate response back to the user and have
// the delivery then forward the request along to the network.
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response, new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
try {
mNetworkQueue.put(request);
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// Not much we can do about this.
}
}
});
}
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
}
}
}
代码有点长,我们只挑重点看。首先在11行可以看到一个while(true)循环,说明缓存线程始终是在运行的,接着在第23行会尝试从缓存当中取出响应结果,如何为空的话则把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中,如果不为空的话再判断该缓存是否已过期,如果已经过期了则同样把这条请求加入到网络请求队列中,否则就认为不需要重发网络请求,直接使用缓存中的数据即可。之后会在第39行调用Request的parseNetworkResponse()方法来对数据进行解析,再往后就是将解析出来的数据进行回调了,这部分代码我们先跳过,因为它的逻辑和NetworkDispatcher后半部分的逻辑是基本相同的,那么我们等下合并在一起看就好了,先来看一下NetworkDispatcher中是怎么处理网络请求队列的,代码如下所示:
public class NetworkDispatcher extends Thread {
……
@Override
public void run() {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
Request> request;
while (true) {
try {
// Take a request from the queue.
request = mQueue.take();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
// We may have been interrupted because it was time to quit.
if (mQuit) {
return;
}
continue;
}
try {
request.addMarker("network-queue-take");
// If the request was cancelled already, do not perform the
// network request.
if (request.isCanceled()) {
request.finish("network-discard-cancelled");
continue;
}
addTrafficStatsTag(request);
// Perform the network request.
NetworkResponse networkResponse = mNetwork.performRequest(request);
request.addMarker("network-http-complete");
// If the server returned 304 AND we delivered a response already,
// we're done -- don't deliver a second identical response.
if (networkResponse.notModified && request.hasHadResponseDelivered()) {
request.finish("not-modified");
continue;
}
// Parse the response here on the worker thread.
Response> response = request.parseNetworkResponse(networkResponse);
request.addMarker("network-parse-complete");
// Write to cache if applicable.
// TODO: Only update cache metadata instead of entire record for 304s.
if (request.shouldCache() && response.cacheEntry != null) {
mCache.put(request.getCacheKey(), response.cacheEntry);
request.addMarker("network-cache-written");
}
// Post the response back.
request.markDelivered();
mDelivery.postResponse(request, response);
} catch (VolleyError volleyError) {
parseAndDeliverNetworkError(request, volleyError);
} catch (Exception e) {
VolleyLog.e(e, "Unhandled exception %s", e.toString());
mDelivery.postError(request, new VolleyError(e));
}
}
}
}