2、Git常用命令
Git常用命令
- 1. 设置用户签名
- 2. 初始化本地库
- 3. 查看本地库状态
- 4. 添加暂存区
- 5. 提交本地库
- 6. 修改文件
- 7. 历史版本
| 命令名称 | 作用 |
|---|---|
| git config --global user.name 用户名 | 设置用户签名 |
| git config –global user.email 邮箱 | 设置用户邮箱 |
| git init | 初始化本地库 |
| git status | 查看本地库状态 |
| git add 文件名 | 添加到暂存区 |
| git commit -m“日志信息” 文件名 | 提交到本地库 |
| git reflog | 查看历史记录 |
| git reset –hard 版本号 | 版本穿梭 |
1. 设置用户签名
- 基本语法
1. git config --global user.name 用户名
2. git config --global user.email 邮箱名
- 设置完成后查看：
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/GitToGitHub (master)
$ cat ~/.gitconfig
[filter "lfs"]
clean = git-lfs clean -- %f
smudge = git-lfs smudge -- %f
process = git-lfs filter-process
required = true
[user]
name = XXX
email = [email protected]
[core]
excludesfile = C:/Users/L/git.ignore
[color]
ui = auto
[http]
sslVerify = false
[https]
sslVerify = false
说明：签名的作用是区分不同操作者身份，用户的签名信息在每一个版本的提交信息中能够看到，以此确认本次提交是谁做的。Git首次安装必须设置一下用户签名，否则无法提交代码。
Note:这里设置用户签名和将来登录GitHub（或者其他代码托管中心）的账号没有任何关系。可以在C盘用户文件夹中的.gitconfi文件中查看配置信息
2. 初始化本地库
- 基本语法
git init
在windows系统中定位到相应的文件夹资源窗口中，然后右键打开Git Bash就确定了库所在的目录。利用git init命令进行初始化，其目录下会创建.git的隐藏文件夹。
- 案例实操
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/GitToGitHub (master)
$ git init
Reinitialized existing Git repository in E:/Git-space/Test/GitToGitHub/.git/
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/GitToGitHub (master)
$ ll -a
total 6
drwxr-xr-x 1 L 197121 0 Jul 24 21:59 ./
drwxr-xr-x 1 L 197121 0 Jul 24 22:07 ../
drwxr-xr-x 1 L 197121 0 Dec 25 18:33 .git/
-rw-r--r-- 1 L 197121 367 Jul 24 21:59 githubURL.txt
-rw-r--r-- 1 L 197121 190 Jul 24 21:59 hello.txt
- 结果查看
3. 查看本地库状态
- 基本语法
git status
- 案例实操
- 首次查看
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
nothing to commit (create/copy files and use "git add" to track)
- 新增文件：在版本管理文件夹中添加hello.txt文件
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ vim hello.txt
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ tail -n 1 hello.txt
11111
- 再次查看
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
hello.txt
nothing added to commit but untracked files present (use "git add" to track)
4. 添加暂存区
-
基本语法：git add 文件名
-
案例
- 将工作区的文件添加到暂存区
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git add hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
- 查看状态（没有文件需要提交）
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Changes to be committed:
(use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage)
new file: hello.txt
- 删除暂存区文件（利用git rm --cached < file >），然后再查看状态
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
No commits yet
Untracked files:
(use "git add ..." to include in what will be committed)
hello.txt
创建的文件还在文件夹中，只是在暂存区中将其删除。
5. 提交本地库
- 基础语法
git commit -m”日志信息” 文件名
git reflog
git log
- 操作实例
- 将暂存区的文件提交到本地库
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git commit -m "first commit" hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
[master (root-commit) ad5c7ee] first commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
create mode 100644 hello.txt
- 查看状态（检测到暂存区有新文件）
查看一般日志信息
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git reflog
ad5c7ee (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit (initial): first commit
查看详细日志信息
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git log
commit ad5c7ee0af3f3d9cb9193da5420102b6cd7dd7e8 (HEAD -> master)
Author: XXX <[email protected]>
Date: Tue Dec 26 10:44:06 2023 +0800
first commit
6. 修改文件
修改hello.txt文件中的内容，然后通过wim查看。
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ vim hello.txt
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ cat hello.txt
11111
222222
- 查看状态（检测到工作区有文件被修改）
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
Changes not staged for commit:
(use "git add ..." to update what will be committed)
(use "git restore ..." to discard changes in working directory)
modified: hello.txt
- 将修改的文件再次添加到暂存区
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git commit -m "second commit" hello.txt
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.txt.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory
[master a0bd3a9] second commit
1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
- 查看状态（工作区的修改添加到了暂存区）
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git status
On branch master
nothing to commit, working tree clean
7. 历史版本
- 查看历史版本
- 代码
1. git reflog 查看版本信息
2. git log 查看版本详细信息
- 实例
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git reflog
a0bd3a9 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: commit: second commit
ad5c7ee HEAD@{1}: commit (initial): first commit
- 版本穿梭
- 代码
1. git reset –-hard 版本号
- 实例
实际上移动的HEAD指针
HEAD文件中保存有指针当前指向的分支名称。
Refs/heads文件夹中的master文件保存了指向的当前版本信息。
hello.txt中的内容信息也会跟随版本的变化而变化。
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git reset --hard ad5c7ee
HEAD is now at ad5c7ee first commit
L@DESKTOP-C3ML9EI MINGW64 /e/Git-space/Test/gitTest (master)
$ git reflog
a0bd3a9 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{0}: reset: moving to a0bd3a9
ad5c7ee HEAD@{1}: reset: moving to ad5c7ee
a0bd3a9 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{2}: reset: moving to HEAD
a0bd3a9 (HEAD -> master) HEAD@{3}: commit: second commit
ad5c7ee HEAD@{4}: commit (initial): first commit