ROS2 创建自定义 ROS 2 msg 和 srv 文件

零、前情提要

主要参考 官网:Creating custom ROS 2 msg and srv files

前置文章ros2 foxy 学写简单的服务。

一、创建文件夹和包

#dev_ws可以自己命名,但最好保留`_ws`的缩写标志。
mkdir -p dev_ws/src 

#进入源目录
cd dev_ws/src 

#创建包
ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_cmake tutorial_interfaces

tutorial_interfaces 是新包的名称。 注意它是一个 CMake 包; 目前没有办法在纯 Python 包中生成 .msg.srv 文件。 您可以在 CMake 包中创建自定义接口,然后在 Python 节点中使用。

进入dev_ws/src/tutorial_interfaces并生成.msg.srv 各自独立的文件夹。

cd tutorial_interfaces
mkdir msg
mkdir srv

二、创建自定义文件

msg文件夹中创建Num.msg文件,创建文件就不写了,并写入如下内容:

int64 num

srv文件夹中创建AddThreeInts.srv文件,并填入一下内容,分割线前是请求数据,分割线后是响应数据。

int64 a
int64 b
int64 c
---
int64 sum

三、修改CMakeLists.txt

修改CMakeLists.txt文件,里面添加如下行,注意文件路径名对应。

find_package(rosidl_default_generators REQUIRED)

rosidl_generate_interfaces(${PROJECT_NAME}
  "msg/Num.msg"
  "srv/AddThreeInts.srv"
 )

四、修改package.xml

在文件中添加如下行,前两行是添加依赖,后面一行作用暂不清楚。

rosidl_default_generators

rosidl_default_runtime

rosidl_interface_packages

五、创建包

colcon build --packages-select tutorial_interfaces

成功后就可以被其他包调用了。

六、验证包

开一个新终端,在dev_ws下激活

. install/setup.bash

查验文件,先查msg文件

ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/msg/Num

会显示

int64 num

同理,输入

ros2 interface show tutorial_interfaces/srv/AddThreeInts

会返回

int64 a
int64 b
int64 c
---
int64 sum

七、测试

7.1用发布订阅模型测试.msg文件

dev_ws/src目录下面创建cpp_testmsg_pubsub

ros2 pkg create --build-type ament_cmake cpp_testmsg_pubsub

添加文件以及文件的意思之类的可以先复习下用colcon和c++写自己的第一个ROS2包。
cpp_testmsg_pubsub/src中添加publisher_member_function.cpp文件如下:

#include 
#include 

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE

using namespace std::chrono_literals;

class MinimalPublisher : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalPublisher()
  : Node("minimal_publisher"), count_(0)
  {
    publisher_ = this->create_publisher("topic", 10);    // CHANGE
    timer_ = this->create_wall_timer(
      500ms, std::bind(&MinimalPublisher::timer_callback, this));
  }

private:
  void timer_callback()
  {
    auto message = tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num();                               // CHANGE
    message.num = this->count_++;                                        // CHANGE
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "Publishing: '%d'", message.num);    // CHANGE
    publisher_->publish(message);
  }
  rclcpp::TimerBase::SharedPtr timer_;
  rclcpp::Publisher::SharedPtr publisher_;         // CHANGE
  size_t count_;
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

subscriber_member_function.cpp

#include 

#include "rclcpp/rclcpp.hpp"
#include "tutorial_interfaces/msg/num.hpp"     // CHANGE
using std::placeholders::_1;

class MinimalSubscriber : public rclcpp::Node
{
public:
  MinimalSubscriber()
  : Node("minimal_subscriber")
  {
    subscription_ = this->create_subscription(          // CHANGE
      "topic", 10, std::bind(&MinimalSubscriber::topic_callback, this, _1));
  }

private:
  void topic_callback(const tutorial_interfaces::msg::Num::SharedPtr msg) const       // CHANGE
  {
    RCLCPP_INFO(this->get_logger(), "I heard: '%d'", msg->num);              // CHANGE
  }
  rclcpp::Subscription::SharedPtr subscription_;       // CHANGE
};

int main(int argc, char * argv[])
{
  rclcpp::init(argc, argv);
  rclcpp::spin(std::make_shared());
  rclcpp::shutdown();
  return 0;
}

CMakeList.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.5)
project(cpp_testmsg_pubsub)

# Default to C99
if(NOT CMAKE_C_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_C_STANDARD 99)
endif()

# Default to C++14
if(NOT CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD)
  set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
endif()

if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX OR CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID MATCHES "Clang")
  add_compile_options(-Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic)
endif()

# find dependencies
find_package(ament_cmake REQUIRED)
# uncomment the following section in order to fill in
# further dependencies manually.
# find_package( REQUIRED)
find_package(rclcpp REQUIRED)
find_package(tutorial_interfaces REQUIRED)                         # CHANGE

add_executable(talker src/publisher_member_function.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(talker rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)         # CHANGE

add_executable(listener src/subscriber_member_function.cpp)
ament_target_dependencies(listener rclcpp tutorial_interfaces)     # CHANGE

install(TARGETS
  talker
  listener
  DESTINATION lib/${PROJECT_NAME})

if(BUILD_TESTING)
  find_package(ament_lint_auto REQUIRED)
  # the following line skips the linter which checks for copyrights
  # uncomment the line when a copyright and license is not present in all source files
  #set(ament_cmake_copyright_FOUND TRUE)
  # the following line skips cpplint (only works in a git repo)
  # uncomment the line when this package is not in a git repo
  #set(ament_cmake_cpplint_FOUND TRUE)
  ament_lint_auto_find_test_dependencies()
endif()

ament_package()

package.xml




  cpp_testmsg_pubsub
  0.0.0
  TODO: Package description
  default
  TODO: License declaration

  ament_cmake
  
  rclcpp
  tutorial_interfaces

  ament_lint_auto
  ament_lint_common

  
    ament_cmake
  

dev_ws目录下命令行构建

colcon build --packages-select cpp_testmsg_pubsub

打开两个terminal,并分别source和运行

. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_testmsg_pubsub talker
. install/setup.bash
ros2 run cpp_testmsg_pubsub listener

最后得到如下的图


测试运行效果

7.2用服务模型测试.srv文件

直接参考上一节,以及ros2 foxy 学写简单的服务和官网# Creating custom ROS 2 msg and srv files第7.2节测试吧,我懒得写了,就留个截图。

服务模型测试

注意事项

.msg文件和.srv文件温家明必须首字母大写,按驼峰原则命名,会被自动扩展成.hpp文件,扩展的文件的文件名会自动把大写转换成下划线和小写。

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