1,操作人员在命令行窗口输入一行字符并回车后,客户端进程立刻从命令行(本质即stdin)读取数据,并将该行信息发送给服务器。
2,服务器收到该行信息后,会将该信息原封不动的返回给客户端,即所谓消息回声(Message Echo)。
3,客户端收到服务器返回的消息回声后,将其打印输出至屏幕(本质即stdout ) 。
4,客户端在从命令行收到EXIT指令后退出。
5,在启动1个客户端连接上服务器开展交互时,再启动另一个客户端连接服务器,观察体验是什么现象,并尝试分析现象背后的底层逻辑。
Linux:Ubuntu 22.04
gcc:11.3.0
服务器(server.c)
//server.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void usage(const char *str) {
printf("%s usage:\n", str);
}
int sigint_flag = 0; // 信号
void handle_sigint(int sig) {
printf("[srv] SIGINT is coming!\n");
sigint_flag = 1;
}
void srv_biz(int connfd) {}
//./serv 127.0.0.1 8000
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
char *left = "(";
char *right = ")";
// 存放转换后的ip地址
char ip_str[20] = {0};
// 安装使用sigint信号处理器
struct sigaction sa;
sa.sa_flags = 0;
sa.sa_handler = handle_sigint;
sigemptyset(&sa.sa_mask);
// 注册信号处理器
sigaction(SIGINT, &sa, NULL);
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr, clie_addr;
int listenfd, connectfd;
int ret;
socklen_t clie_addr_len;
// 判断输入的参数
char *veri_code = argv[3];
if (argc != 4) {
usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
// 建立套接字,返回监听套接字
listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
bzero(&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET; // 地址族协议(IPv4orIPv6)
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2])); // 端口
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]); // IP地址
// tes存放返回结果
const char *tes;
// 使用inet_ntop函数转换ip
tes = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &serv_addr.sin_addr, ip_str, sizeof(ip_str));
// 打印初始化信息
printf("[srv] server[%s:%d][%s] is initializing!\n", ip_str, ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port), argv[3]);
printf("[srv] Server has initialized!\n");
if (listenfd < 0) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
// 给套接字绑定一个端口和IP
ret = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
if (ret < 0) {
perror("bind");
return 1;
}
// 开始监听
ret = listen(listenfd, 20);
if (ret < 0) {
perror("listen");
return 1;
}
// 开启accpet()主循环,直至sigint_flag指示服务器退出;
while (!sigint_flag) {
clie_addr_len = sizeof(clie_addr);
// 要一个客户端进程进行处理,返回参数主要是有一个客户端通信描述符cfd,程序就是通过这个cfd和客户端进行交互
connectfd = accept(listenfd, (struct sockaddr *)&clie_addr, &clie_addr_len);
if (connectfd < 0) {
if (errno == EINTR)
continue;
else
perror("accept");
return 1;
} else {
tes = inet_ntop(AF_INET, &clie_addr.sin_addr, ip_str, sizeof(ip_str));
printf("[srv] client[%s:%d] is accepted!\n", ip_str, (int)ntohs(clie_addr.sin_port));
}
int n = 0;
char buf[140] = {0};
char *to_exit = "EXIT";
// 收发业务小循环
while (1) {
memset(buf, 0, 140);
// 最多读sizeof(buf)-1,留下一个空间放\0
n = read(connectfd, buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
int if_exit = strncmp(buf, to_exit, 4);
if (n <= 0 || if_exit == 0) {
printf("[srv] client[%s:%d] is closed!\n", ip_str, (int)ntohs(clie_addr.sin_port));
break;
}
buf[n] = 0;
printf("[ECH_RQT]%s", buf);
char ret_buf[140];
memset(ret_buf, 0, 140);
strcat(ret_buf, left);
strcat(ret_buf, veri_code);
strcat(ret_buf, right);
int length = strlen(ret_buf);
for (int i = 0; i < strlen(buf); i++) {
ret_buf[length + i] = buf[i];
if (buf[i] == '\n')
break;
}
ret_buf[strlen(ret_buf)] = '\0';
write(connectfd, ret_buf, strlen(ret_buf) + 2);
memset(ret_buf, 0, 140);
}
// 关闭连接
close(connectfd);
printf("[srv] connfd is closed!\n");
}
// 关闭监听
close(listenfd);
printf("[srv]listenfd is closed!\n");
printf("[srv]server is to return! \n!");
return 0;
}
客户端(client.c)
//client.c
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
void usage(const char *str) {
printf("%s usage:\n", str);
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {
// 存放ip_str
char ip_str[20] = {0};
if (argc != 3) {
usage(argv[0]);
return 1;
}
struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
int sockfd;
// 返回客户端的进程描述符
sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sockfd < 0) {
perror("socket");
return 1;
}
serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
serv_addr.sin_port = htons(atoi(argv[2]));
serv_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(argv[1]);
// connect表示客户端与服务端尝试建立连接
// connect里面的输入参数有要连接服务端的地址
// connect执行的时候就会被服务端listen检测到
// 如果accept没有阻塞的话,这时候就会进行三次握手
// 三次握手完成以后,服务端执行完accept,客户端执行完connect
// 发起客户端请求连接
int ret = connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr));
if (ret < 0) {
perror("connect");
return 1;
} else {
// 转换IP地址
inet_ntop(AF_INET, &serv_addr.sin_addr, ip_str, sizeof(ip_str));
printf("[cli] server[%s:%d] is connected!\n", ip_str, ntohs(serv_addr.sin_port));
}
char buf[140] = {0};
char *to_exit = "EXIT";
while (1) {
memset(buf, 0, 140);
fgets(buf, 140, stdin);
int if_exit = strncmp(buf, to_exit, 4);
if (if_exit == 0)
break;
// 写入并打印写入内容
write(sockfd, buf, strlen(buf));
printf("[ECH_RQT]%s", buf);
memset(buf, 0, 140);
read(sockfd, &buf, sizeof(buf) - 1);
// 显示服务器发送的内容
printf("[ECH_REP]%s", buf);
memset(buf, 0, 140);
}
close(ret);
printf("[cli]listenfd is closed!\n");
printf("[cli]server is to return! \n!");
return 0;
}
编译服务器(server.c)
gcc -o server.o server.c
编译客户端(client.c)
gcc -o client.o client.c
初始化服务器
./server.o 127.0.0.1 12345 8888 //127.0.0.1为ip地址,12345为端口号,8888为验证码
客户端连接至服务器
./client.o 127.0.0.1 12345
客户端
[cli] server[127.0.0.1:12345] is connected!
hello,world!
[ECH_RQT]hello,world!
[ECH_REP](8888)hello,world!
this is Max speaking.
[ECH_RQT]this is Max speaking.
[ECH_REP](8888)this is Max speaking.
inkqonciorwemciojurtbvlanjkx
[ECH_RQT]inkqonciorwemciojurtbvlanjkx
[ECH_REP](8888)inkqonciorwemciojurtbvlanjkx
EXIT
[cli]listenfd is closed!
[cli]server is to return!
服务器
[srv] server[127.0.0.1:12345][8888] is initializing!
[srv] server has initialized!
[srv] client[127.0.0.1:52602] is accepted!
[ECH_RQT]hello,world!
[ECH_RQT]this is Max speaking.
[ECH_RQT]inkqonciorwemciojurtbvlanjkx
[srv] client[127.0.0.1:52602] is closed!
[srv] connfd is closed!
[srv] SIGINT is coming!
[srv]listenfd is closed!
[srv]server is to return!