1.查看ubuntu版本
master@master:~$ cat /etc/lsb-release
DISTRIB_ID=Ubuntu
DISTRIB_RELEASE=18.04
DISTRIB_CODENAME=bionic
DISTRIB_DESCRIPTION="Ubuntu 18.04 LTS"
2.查看系统内核版本
ps:不管Ubuntu的哪个版本,Docker需要64的操作系统,此外你的kernel内核至少要在3.10版本之上
master@master:~$ uname -a
Linux master 4.15.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Tue Apr 24 06:16:15 UTC 2018 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
3.先卸载可能存在的旧版本
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get remove docker docker-engine docker.io containerd runc
4.更新系统apt包
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get update
5.安装 apt 依赖包，用于通过HTTPS来获取仓库:
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get install apt-transport-https \ ca-certificates \ curl \ software-properties-common
6.添加Docker官方的GPG密钥：
master@master:~$ curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo apt-key add -
7、设置稳定版仓库
master@master:~$ sudo add-apt-repository \ "deb [arch=amd64] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \ $(lsb_release -cs) \ stable"
8.再次更新api
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get update
9.安装 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd
选择1 :安装最新版本的 Docker Engine-Community 和 containerd
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
选择2：2.1安装特定版本的 Docker Engine-Community
master@master:~$ apt-cache madison docker-ce
docker-ce | 5:18.09.1~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 5:18.09.0~3-0~ubuntu-xenial | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.1~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
docker-ce | 18.06.0~ce~3-0~ubuntu | https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu xenial/stable amd64 Packages
...
2.2 使用第二列中的版本字符串安装特定版本，例如 18.06.1~ ce~3-0 ~ubuntu，VERSION_STRING = 18.06.1~ ce~ 3-0~ubuntu 即可（这里~后面加了空格，不然显示有问题，注意复制上面的字符串）
master@master:~$ sudo apt-get install docker-ce= docker-ce-cli= containerd.io
10.测试 Docker 是否安装成功，输入以下指令，打印出以下信息则安装成功:
master@master:~$ docker run hello-world
Hello from Docker!
This message shows that your installation appears to be working correctly.
To generate this message, Docker took the following steps:
1. The Docker client contacted the Docker daemon.
2. The Docker daemon pulled the "hello-world" image from the Docker Hub.
(amd64)
3. The Docker daemon created a new container from that image which runs the
executable that produces the output you are currently reading.
4. The Docker daemon streamed that output to the Docker client, which sent it
to your terminal.
To try something more ambitious, you can run an Ubuntu container with:
$ docker run -it ubuntu bash
Share images, automate workflows, and more with a free Docker ID:
https://hub.docker.com/
For more examples and ideas, visit:
https://docs.docker.com/get-started/