Django 8 通用视图基础
1. 什么是通用视图
1. 在terminal 输入 django-admin startapp the_12回车
2. tutorial\settings.py 注册
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
"the_3",
"the_5",
"the_6",
"the_7",
"the_8",
"the_9",
"the_10",
"the_12",
]3. tutorial\urls.py
urlpatterns = [
path('admin/', admin.site.urls),
path('the_3/', include('the_3.urls')),
path('the_4/', include('the_4.urls')),
path('the_5/', include('the_5.urls')),
path('the_7/', include('the_7.urls')),
path('the_10/', include('the_10.urls')),
path('the_12/', include('the_12.urls')),
]4. the_12\views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
# Create your views here.
class Chello(View):
def get(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})
def post(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})5. the_12\urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import Chello
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', Chello.as_view()),
]6. 运行tutorial, 点击http://127.0.0.1:8000/，地址栏 127.0.0.1:8000/the_12/index/ 刷新
7. 回到the_12\urls.py, 看as_view的源码（ctrl + 点鼠标左键）
2.使用通用视图的tips
- 提供了什么功能
- 数据从哪里来
- 提供了哪些模板变量
- 渲染的模板页
3.ListView 的使用
- 如何自定义获取到的列表对象的名字
- 如何确定渲染的模板名字
- 如何分页展示
1. the_12\models.py
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
class SomeThing(models.Model):
msg = models.CharField(max_length=200)
is_delete = models.BooleanField()2. 迁移， terminal 输入 python .\manage.py makemigrations回车
Migrations for 'the_12':
the_12\migrations\0001_initial.py
- Create model SomeThing
3. terminal 输入 python .\manage.py migrate回车
Operations to perform:
Apply all migrations: admin, auth, contenttypes, sessions, the_10, the_12, the_6, the_8, the_9
Running migrations:
Applying the_12.0001_initial... OK
4. the_12\admin.py
from django.contrib import admin
from the_12.models import SomeThing
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(SomeThing)5. 浏览器 http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin在SomeThing添加5条数据
6. the_12\views.py 添加以下代码
class MyListView(ListView):
pass7. the_12\urls.py
from django.urls import path
from .views import Chello,MyListView
urlpatterns = [
path('index/', Chello.as_view()),
# path 的第二个参数应该是一个函数，as_view就是把Chello这个类变成函数
path('mylist/', MyListView.as_view()),
]8. 浏览器 ImproperlyConfigured at /the_12/mylist/
9. the_12\views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView
from .models import SomeThing
# Create your views here.
class Chello(View):
def get(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})
def post(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})
class MyListView(ListView):
model = SomeThing10. 刷新网页
11. 在templates创建the_12文件夹，再在新创建的the_12文件夹内创建一个something_list。html
Title
这是something_list的页面
12. 刷新网页
13. templates\the_12\something_list.html
Title
这是something_list的页面
{% for i in object_list %}
- {{ i.msg }}
{% endfor %}
14. 刷新网页
15. 总结
"""
提供了什么功能
以列表的形式展示数据的功能
数据从哪里来
数据从数据库中查询得来的
model
queryset
get_queryset
提供了哪些模板变量
object_list
自定义 : context_object_name
something_list
渲染的模板页
默认
模型名的小写_list.html
自定义:template_name
"""
the_12\views.py
from django.http import JsonResponse
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views import View
from django.views.generic import ListView
from .models import SomeThing
# Create your views here.
class Chello(View):
def get(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个get方法'})
def post(self,request):
return JsonResponse({"python": '这是一个post方法'})
class MyListView(ListView):
# model = SomeThing
# queryset = SomeThing.objects.all()
def get_queryset(self):
queryset = SomeThing.objects.filter(is_delete=0)
return queryset
context_object_name = 'panda'
template_name = 'the_12/huahua.html'templates\the_12\something_list.html
Title
这是something_list的页面
{% for i in object_list %}
- {{ i.msg }}
{% endfor %}
templates\the_12\huahua.html
Title
这是huahua的页面
{% for i in object_list %}
- {{ i.msg }}
{% endfor %}
16. 分页操作 ， the_12\views.py
class MyListView(ListView):
paginate_by = 2
templates\the_12\huahua.html
Title
这是huahua的页面
{% for i in object_list %}
- {{ i.msg }}
{% endfor %}
{% for page in paginator %}
{{ page.number }}
{% endfor %}
刷新网页
17. the_12\urls.py, 做以下更改
path('mylist/', MyListView.as_view(),name='something')
18. templates\the_12\huahua.html
{% for page in paginator %}
{{ page.number }}
{% endfor %}
相当于 templates\the_12\huahua.html
{% for page in paginator %}
{{ page.number }}
{% endfor %}
19. 源码分析
class MyListView(ListView):
class ListView(MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin, BaseListView):
class MultipleObjectTemplateResponseMixin(TemplateResponseMixin):
the_12/something_list.html
自定义了模板名，供程序使用
class TemplateResponseMixin:
主要的作用是找到模板的名字，然后渲染上下文数据
class BaseListView(MultipleObjectMixin, View):
重写了get方法
class MultipleObjectMixin(ContextMixin):
queryset = None model = None paginate_by = None paginate_orphans = 0 context_object_name = None