使用Python国产API框架开发REST接口
概述
本篇文档配套有完整的视频教程和源码，大家感兴趣的可以留言或者私信我。
学习目标：
- 掌握REST风格的接口开发技能
- 实现用户管理系统的后端接口
- 掌握RestClient工具的使用技巧
目录：
01 概述
02 部署RestClient工具
03 发送GET请求
04 发送POST请求
05 发送PUT请求
06 发送DELETE请求
07 发送PATCH请求
08 Docker部署MySQL8
09 创建数据库和表
10 实现新增用户接口
11 实现查询所有用户接口
12 实现根据ID查询用户接口
13 实现根据ID修改用户接口
14 实现根据ID删除用户接口
15 总结
部署RestClient工具
第一步：加载镜像
docker load -i .\data\rest_client_v1.tar
第二步：启动镜像
docker run -d --name rest_client --restart=always -p 10001:80 rest
发送GET请求
第一步：安装zdppy_api框架
pip install .\data\zdppy_api-0.1.0.tar.gz
pip install uvicorn
第二步：编写接口
from api import resp, Api, middleware
app = Api(
routes=[resp.json_route("/user", [{"id": 1, "name": "张三"}])],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
第三步：运行服务，使用RestClient发送请求
{
"method":"get",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user"
}
发送POST请求
第一步：编写接口
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
async def post_method(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
# 用户相关的路由
user_routes = [
resp.post("/user", post_method)
]
app = Api(
routes=user_routes,
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
第二步：使用RestClient进行测试
{
"method":"post",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user",
"data":{
"name":"张三"
}
}
发送PUT请求
第一步：编写接口
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
async def add_user(r):
user = await req.get_json(r)
print("....", user)
return resp.success(user)
async def update_user(r):
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
return resp.success(user)
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
第二步：使用RestClient进行测试
{
"method":"put",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/1",
"data":{
"name":"张三"
}
}
发送DELETE请求
第一步：编写接口
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
async def add_user(r):
user = await req.get_json(r)
print("....", user)
return resp.success(user)
async def update_user(r):
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
return resp.success({"id": uid})
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
第二步：发送请求
{
"method":"delete",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/1"
}
发送PATCH请求
第一步：编写接口
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
async def add_user(r):
user = await req.get_json(r)
print("....", user)
return resp.success(user)
async def update_user(r):
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
return resp.success({"id": uid})
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
第二步：发送请求
{
"method":"patch",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/1",
"data": {
"name": "张三"
}
}
Docker部署MySQL8
拉取镜像：
docker pull mysql:8.0.25
创建容器：
docker run --name mysql -p 3306:3306 --restart=always -e MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD=zhangdapeng520 -d mysql:8.0.25
配置信息如下：
- 主机：本机ip
- 端口：3306
- 账号：root
- 密码：zhangdapeng520
创建数据库和表
from mysql.db_object import Database
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520")
# 创建数据库
db.add_database_force("user")
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
# 创建表
user_table_sql = "create table user(id int primary key auto_increment, name varchar(36))"
db.execute(user_table_sql)
# 查看所有的表
print(db.get_all_table())
实现新增用户接口
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
from mysql.db_object import Database
# 创建db对象
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
table = "user"
columns = ["name"]
async def add_user(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
db.add(table, columns, [user.get("name")])
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 响应
return resp.success({"uid": uid})
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
实现查询所有用户接口
第一步：定义接口方法
async def get_user(r):
"""获取用户"""
users = db.get_all(table)
return resp.success(users)
第二步：注册接口路由
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
第三步：启动服务，并使用RestClient进行测试
{
"method":"get",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user"
}
完整示例代码：
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
from mysql.db_object import Database
# 创建db对象
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
table = "user"
columns = ["name"]
async def add_user(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
db.add(table, columns, [user.get("name")])
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def get_user(r):
"""获取用户"""
users = db.get_all(table)
return resp.success(users)
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 响应
return resp.success({"uid": uid})
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
实现根据ID查询用户接口
第一步：编写根据ID获取用户的接口
async def get_user_by_id(r):
"""根据id查询用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = db.get_by_id(table, uid)
return resp.success(user)
第二步：注册接口
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
第三步：使用RestClient测试接口
{
"method":"get",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/3"
}
完整示例代码：
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
from mysql.db_object import Database
# 创建db对象
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
table = "user"
columns = ["name"]
async def add_user(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
db.add(table, columns, [user.get("name")])
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def get_user(r):
"""获取用户"""
users = db.get_all(table)
return resp.success(users)
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 响应
return resp.success({"uid": uid})
async def get_user_by_id(r):
"""根据id查询用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = db.get_by_id(table, uid)
return resp.success(user)
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.patch("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
实现根据ID修改用户接口
第一步：编写修改用户接口
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
db.update(table, uid, columns, [user.get("name")])
return resp.success(user)
第二步：注册接口
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
第三步：使用RestClient测试接口
{
"method":"put",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/3",
"data": {
"name": "王五333"
}
}
第四步：校验数据是否修改成功
{
"method":"get",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/3"
}
完整示例代码：
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
from mysql.db_object import Database
# 创建db对象
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
table = "user"
columns = ["name"]
async def add_user(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
db.add(table, columns, [user.get("name")])
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def get_user(r):
"""获取用户"""
users = db.get_all(table)
return resp.success(users)
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
db.update(table, uid, columns, [user.get("name")])
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
# 响应
return resp.success({"uid": uid})
async def get_user_by_id(r):
"""根据id查询用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = db.get_by_id(table, uid)
return resp.success(user)
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
实现根据ID删除用户接口
第一步：编写接口
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
db.delete(table, uid)
return resp.success()
第二步：注册接口
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
第三步：测试接口
{
"method":"delete",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user/3"
}
第四步：使用查询所有接口，测试删除是否成功
{
"method":"get",
"url": "http://localhost:8000/user"
}
完整示例代码：
from api import req, resp, Api, middleware
from mysql.db_object import Database
# 创建db对象
db = Database(password="zhangdapeng520", database="user")
table = "user"
columns = ["name"]
async def add_user(r):
"""新增用户"""
# 获取用户传递过来的用户信息
user = await req.get_json(r)
db.add(table, columns, [user.get("name")])
# 响应
return resp.success(user)
async def get_user(r):
"""获取用户"""
users = db.get_all(table)
return resp.success(users)
async def update_user(r):
"""修改用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = await req.get_json(r)
user["id"] = uid
db.update(table, uid, columns, [user.get("name")])
return resp.success(user)
async def delete_user(r):
"""删除用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
db.delete(table, uid)
return resp.success()
async def get_user_by_id(r):
"""根据id查询用户"""
uid = req.get_path(r, "uid")
user = db.get_by_id(table, uid)
return resp.success(user)
app = Api(
routes=[
resp.get("/user", get_user),
resp.post("/user", add_user),
resp.put("/user/{uid}", update_user),
resp.delete("/user/{uid}", delete_user),
resp.get("/user/{uid}", get_user_by_id),
],
middleware=[middleware.cors()]
)
if __name__ == '__main__':
import uvicorn
uvicorn.run("main:app")
总结
1、学会了编写不同请求方法的接口
2、学会了操作数据库，对用户做增删改查
3、学会了开发REST风格的接口，比如用户的增删改查接口
后续建议：
- 做一些实战类型的项目：《Vue3用户管理系统模板开发》，《Python+Vue3前后端分离用户管理系统实战》