django+drf 前后端分离总结（2）

DRF常见问题

DRF 常用组件

权限组件

局部视图权限

from rest_framework.permissions import BasePermission
class SVIPPermission(BasePermission):
    message="SVIP才能访问!"
    def has_permission(self, request, view):
        if request.user.user_type==3:
            return True
        return False
这个表示自己只能查阅自己的权限

class IsOwnerOrReadOnly(permissions.BasePermission):
    def has_object_permission(self, request, view, obj):
        if request.method in ['GET','POST']:
            return True
        return obj.user == request.user
- views.py

from app01.service.permissions import *

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    permission_classes = [SVIPPermission,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
全局设置权限
REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES': (
    
        'rest_framework.permissions.IsAuthenticated',       # 必须是登录用户
        'app01.service.auth.Authentication',                # 必须是符合这个权限的登录用户
    ),
}

访问频率组件

局部视图 throttle

from rest_framework.throttling import BaseThrottle

VISIT_RECORD={}
class VisitThrottle(BaseThrottle):

    def __init__(self):
        self.history=None

    def allow_request(self,request,view):
        remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        print(remote_addr)
        import time
        ctime=time.time()

        if remote_addr not in VISIT_RECORD:
            VISIT_RECORD[remote_addr]=[ctime,]
            return True

        history=VISIT_RECORD.get(remote_addr)
        self.history=history

        while history and history[-1]<ctime-60:
            history.pop()

        if len(history)<3:
            history.insert(0,ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False

    def wait(self):
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])
- views.py

from app01.service.throttles import *

class BookViewSet(generics.ListCreateAPIView):
    throttle_classes = [VisitThrottle,]
    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
全局视图throttle
REST_FRAMEWORK={
    "DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES":["app01.service.auth.Authentication",],
    "DEFAULT_PERMISSION_CLASSES":["app01.service.permissions.SVIPPermission",],
    "DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES":["app01.service.throttles.VisitThrottle",]
}

分页组件

简单分页

from rest_framework.pagination import PageNumberPagination,LimitOffsetPagination

class PNPagination(PageNumberPagination):
        page_size = 1
        page_query_param = 'page'
        page_size_query_param = "size"
        max_page_size = 5

class BookViewSet(viewsets.ModelViewSet):

    queryset = Book.objects.all()
    serializer_class = BookSerializers
    def list(self,request,*args,**kwargs):

        book_list=Book.objects.all()
        pp=LimitOffsetPagination()
        pager_books=pp.paginate_queryset(queryset=book_list,request=request,view=self)
        print(pager_books)
        bs=BookSerializers(pager_books,many=True)

        #return Response(bs.data)
        return pp.get_paginated_response(bs.data)

序列化

class BookSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    """
    后端：xxx
    """
    class Meta:
        model = Book
        fields = "__all__"
        depth=1             #深度、默认为0
class UserSerializer(serializers.Serializer):
    """
    用户
    """
    id = serializers.IntegerField()
    name = serializers.CharField(max_length=20)
    type = serializers.ChoiceField(choices=Organization.organization_type_choices, default='company')


实现连接序列化

-HyperlinkedIdentityField

class AlbumSerializer(serializers.HyperlinkedModelSerializer):
    track_listing = serializers.HyperlinkedIdentityField(view_name='track-list')

    class Meta:
        model = Album
        fields = ['album_name', 'artist', 'track_listing']

认证

局部认证

from rest_framework_jwt.authentication import JSONWebTokenAuthentication
from rest_framework.authentication import SessionAuthentication

class StudentsFeeViewset(ModelViewSet):
    """
    后端：xxx
    """
    lookup_field = 'id'
    authentication_classes = (JSONWebTokenAuthentication, SessionAuthentication)

全局认证

表示默认JWT、表单、cookie模式都可以登录

REST_FRAMEWORK = {

    'DEFAULT_AUTHENTICATION_CLASSES': (
        'rest_framework_jwt.authentication.JSONWebTokenAuthentication',
        'rest_framework.authentication.BasicAuthentication',
        'rest_framework.authentication.SessionAuthentication',
    ),

}