[LeetCode] 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

Dynamic Programming解法

所谓“连续无重复子串”其实就是“连续无重复子序列”,相比于《674. Longest Continuous Increasing Subsequence》,无非就是把条件换成了“无重复”,所以我们可以尝试套用之前的思路。

f[i]为:以a[i]结尾的最长连续无重复子串的长度。因为以a[i]结尾的最长连续子串是无重复的,所以以a[i - 1]结尾的最长连续子串也是无重复的。

我们知道对于数组的下标有begin + len(array) - 1 = end,因此有begin = end - len(array) + 1。以a[i - 1]结尾的连续子串的end = i - 1len(array) = f[i - 1],所以它的范围是[i - f[i - 1], i - 1]。

因此可得状态转移方程:

  • f[i] = max{ f[i - 1] + 1 }(如果a[i]a[i - f[i - 1]]a[i - 1]中没有重复)

  • f[i] = i - k(如果a[i]a[k]重复,其中k的取值范围是[i - f[i - 1], i - 1])

class Solution {
    public int lengthOfLongestSubstring(String s) {
        if (s.length() <= 1) {
            return s.length();
        }
        int f[] = new int[s.length()];
        f[0] = 1;
        int largest = f[0];
        for (int i = 1; i < s.length(); i++) {
            int curr = s.charAt(i);
            int k = i - f[i - 1] - 1;
            for (int j = i - 1; j >= i - f[i - 1] && j >= 0; j--) {
                if (curr == s.charAt(j)) {
                    k = j;
                    break;
                }
            }
            f[i] = i - k;
            largest = Math.max(largest, f[i]);
        }
        return largest;
    }
}

(注:本解法大篇幅参考了知乎作者“澪同学”的题解。)

滑动窗口解法

用Hashmap记录beginend维持的窗口内每个字符出现的次数。遍历字符串,每访问一个字符有两部分操作。第一部分,判断窗口前沿元素s[end]是否出现过,向前移动前沿。第二部分,如果移动窗口前沿过程中发现有元素重复,向前移动窗口后沿,去除重复元素。

class Solution {
public:
    int lengthOfLongestSubstring(string s) {
        if (s.length() == 0) {
            return 0;
        }
        unordered_map hash;
        int begin = 0, end = 0;
        int repeat = 0;
        int max_length = 0;
        while (end < s.length()) {
            if (hash[s[end]] > 0) {
                repeat++;
            }
            hash[s[end]]++;
            end++;
            
            while (repeat > 0) {
                if (hash[s[begin]] > 1) {
                    repeat--;
                }
                hash[s[begin]]--;
                begin++;
            }
            
            if (end - begin > max_length) {
                max_length = end - begin;
            }
        }
        return max_length;
    }
};

最后,这类substring问题有一个通用模板,遇到substring问题可以尝试套用:

/*
    1. hashmap: elements frequency counting
    2. two pointers: size
    3. condition variable: (in this problem is "no-repeat")
    
    while (end < s.length()) {
        if (hash[end] meets requirement) {
            modify condition variable
        }
        while (condition variable meets condition) {
            places for min size of substring
            if (hash[begin] meets requirement) {
                modify condition variable
            }
        }
        places for max size of substring
    }
    
*/

参考资料

  • 【每日一题:小Fu讲解】LeetCode 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters

  • O(n) time O(1) space solution using Kadane's algo in Java

你可能感兴趣的:([LeetCode] 3. Longest Substring Without Repeating Characters)