2、镜像操作命令
2.1、镜像命令汇总
语法：docker image COMMAND
命令：
| 命令 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| build | Build an image from a Dockerfile 从Dockerfile构建一个映像 |
| history | Show the history of an image 显示镜像的构建历史 |
| import | Import the contents from a tarball to create a filesystem image 从tar包导入内容以创建文件系统映像 |
| inspect | Display detailed information on one or more images 显示一个或多个镜像的详细信息 |
| load | Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN 从tar存档或STDIN加载镜像 |
| ls | List images 镜像列表 |
| prune | Remove unused images 删除未使用的镜像 |
| pull | Pull an image or a repository from a registry 从registry中提取镜像或存储库 |
| push | Push an image or a repository to a registry 将镜像或存储库推入registry |
| rm | Remove one or more images 移除一个或多个镜像 |
| save | Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default) 将一个或多个镜像保存到tar存档(默认情况下流到STDOUT) |
| tag | Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE 创建一个引用源镜像的目标镜像标记 |
2.2、拉取镜像命令
描述（英文）：Pull an image or a repository from a registry
描述（中文）：从registry中提取镜像或存储库
语法：docker image pull [OPTIONS] NAME[:TAG|@DIGEST]
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -a, --all-tags | Download all tagged images in the repository 下载存储库中所有标记的镜像 |
| --disable-content-trust | Skip image verification (default true) 跳过镜像验证(默认为真) |
| -q, --quiet | Suppress verbose output 抑制详细输出 |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@Server ~]# docker image pull centos:8.1.1911
8.1.1911: Pulling from library/centos
8a29a15cefae: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700
Status: Downloaded newer image for centos:8.1.1911
docker.io/library/centos:8.1.1911
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
2.3、查看镜像列表命令
描述（英文）：List images
描述（中文）：镜像列表
语法：docker image ls [OPTIONS] [REPOSITORY[:TAG]]
别名：ls, images, list
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -a, --all | Show all images (default hides intermediate images) 显示所有镜像(默认隐藏中间镜像) |
| --digests | Show digests 显示摘要 |
| -f, --filter filter | Filter output based on conditions provided 根据提供的条件过滤输出 |
| --format string | Pretty-print images using a Go template 使用Go模板打印漂亮的镜像 |
| --no-trunc | Don't truncate output 不截断输出 |
| -q, --quiet | Only show numeric IDs 只显示数字id |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a -q
470671670cac
08d05d1d5859
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a --digests
REPOSITORY TAG DIGEST IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 sha256:fe8d824220415eed5477b63addf40fb06c3b049404242b31982106ac204f6700 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 sha256:50752af5182c6cd5518e3e91d48f7ff0cba93d5d760a67ac140e2d63c4dd9efc 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a --no-trunc
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 sha256:08d05d1d5859ebcfb3312d246e2082e46cb307f0e896c9ac097185f0b0b19e56 5 months ago 204MB
2.4、查看镜像构建历史
描述（英文）：Show the history of an image
描述（中文）：显示镜像的构建历史
语法：docker image history [OPTIONS] IMAGE
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| --format string | Pretty-print images using a Go template 使用Go模板打印漂亮的镜像 |
| -H, --human | Print sizes and dates in human readable format (default true) 以人类可读格式打印大小和日期(默认为true) |
| --no-trunc | Don't truncate output 不截断输出 |
| -q, --quiet | Only show numeric IDs 只显示数字id |
[root@Server ~]# docker image history centos:7.7.1908
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
08d05d1d5859 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.sc… 0B
5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:3e2a127b44ed01afc… 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image history --no-trunc centos:7.7.1908
IMAGE CREATED CREATED BY SIZE COMMENT
sha256:08d05d1d5859ebcfb3312d246e2082e46cb307f0e896c9ac097185f0b0b19e56 5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) CMD ["/bin/bash"] 0B
5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) LABEL org.label-schema.schema-version=1.0 org.label-schema.name=CentOS Base Image org.label-schema.vendor=CentOS org.label-schema.license=GPLv2 org.label-schema.build-date=20191024 0B
5 months ago /bin/sh -c #(nop) ADD file:3e2a127b44ed01afc6e3ee70b4bdaff81d5d9df67a07740debb5c9e7760cd15b in / 204MB
2.5、导出镜像命令
描述（英文）：Save one or more images to a tar archive (streamed to STDOUT by default)
描述（中文）：将一个或多个镜像保存到tar存档(默认情况下流到STDOUT)
语法：docker image save [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -o, --output string | Write to a file, instead of STDOUT 写入文件，而不是STDOUT |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# ls -l /mnt/
total 0
# 导出方式（1）
[root@Server ~]# docker image save centos:8.1.1911 -o /mnt/centos8.1.1911.tar
[root@Server ~]# ls -l /mnt/
total 239212
-rw------- 1 root root 244953088 Apr 18 12:52 centos8.1.1911.tar
# 导出方式（2）
[root@Server ~]# docker image save centos:7.7.1908 > /mnt/centos7.7.1908.tar
[root@Server ~]# ls -l /mnt/
total 446036
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 211785728 Apr 18 12:54 centos7.7.1908.tar
-rw------- 1 root root 244953088 Apr 18 12:52 centos8.1.1911.tar
2.6、导入镜像命令
描述（英文）：Load an image from a tar archive or STDIN
描述（中文）：从tar存档或STDIN加载镜像
语法：docker image load [OPTIONS]
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -i, --input string | Read from tar archive file, instead of STDIN 从tar存档文件中读取，而不是从STDIN中读取 |
| -q, --quiet | Suppress the load output 抑制导入输出 |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
[root@Server ~]# ls -l /mnt/
total 446036
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 211785728 Apr 18 12:54 centos7.7.1908.tar
-rw------- 1 root root 244953088 Apr 18 12:52 centos8.1.1911.tar
# 导入方式（1）
[root@Server ~]# docker image load -i /mnt/centos8.1.1911.tar
0683de282177: Loading layer 244.9MB/244.9MB
Loaded image: centos:8.1.1911
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
# 导入方式（2）
[root@Server ~]# docker image load < /mnt/centos7.7.1908.tar
034f282942cd: Loading layer 211.8MB/211.8MB
Loaded image: centos:7.7.1908
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
2.7、查看镜像详细信息
描述（英文）：Display detailed information on one or more images
描述（中文）：显示一个或多个镜像的详细信息
语法：docker image inspect [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -f, --format string | Format the output using the given Go template 使用给定的Go模板格式化输出 |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.17 e791337790a6 18 hours ago 127MB
debian 10.3 378ca4b1d2fe 2 days ago 114MB
ubuntu 19.10 e9ccb229a23d 4 weeks ago 72.9MB
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image inspect centos:8.1.1911
[
{
"Id": "sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee",
"RepoTags": [
"centos:8.1.1911"
],
"RepoDigests": [],
"Parent": "",
"Comment": "",
"Created": "2020-01-18T00:26:46.850750902Z",
"Container": "57333b28d93d47fedc0cc5c995092b9266fa4b73b64f3f88d42a08e46f1aab48",
"ContainerConfig": {
"Hostname": "57333b28d93d",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/sh",
"-c",
"#(nop) ",
"CMD [\"/bin/bash\"]"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:0fff7846fd29d8959680f5c1ed8ee2f30197a479c0f73a88dedc0f0755d3277d",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"DockerVersion": "18.06.1-ce",
"Author": "",
"Config": {
"Hostname": "",
"Domainname": "",
"User": "",
"AttachStdin": false,
"AttachStdout": false,
"AttachStderr": false,
"Tty": false,
"OpenStdin": false,
"StdinOnce": false,
"Env": [
"PATH=/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin"
],
"Cmd": [
"/bin/bash"
],
"ArgsEscaped": true,
"Image": "sha256:0fff7846fd29d8959680f5c1ed8ee2f30197a479c0f73a88dedc0f0755d3277d",
"Volumes": null,
"WorkingDir": "",
"Entrypoint": null,
"OnBuild": null,
"Labels": {
"org.label-schema.build-date": "20200114",
"org.label-schema.license": "GPLv2",
"org.label-schema.name": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.label-schema.schema-version": "1.0",
"org.label-schema.vendor": "CentOS",
"org.opencontainers.image.created": "2020-01-14 00:00:00-08:00",
"org.opencontainers.image.licenses": "GPL-2.0-only",
"org.opencontainers.image.title": "CentOS Base Image",
"org.opencontainers.image.vendor": "CentOS"
}
},
"Architecture": "amd64",
"Os": "linux",
"Size": 237117212,
"VirtualSize": 237117212,
"GraphDriver": {
"Data": {
"MergedDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4df82e484eed03776068015b6698ee852a5a24ddfe8ad7d9f974c2e3a07449a3/merged",
"UpperDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4df82e484eed03776068015b6698ee852a5a24ddfe8ad7d9f974c2e3a07449a3/diff",
"WorkDir": "/var/lib/docker/overlay2/4df82e484eed03776068015b6698ee852a5a24ddfe8ad7d9f974c2e3a07449a3/work"
},
"Name": "overlay2"
},
"RootFS": {
"Type": "layers",
"Layers": [
"sha256:0683de2821778aa9546bf3d3e6944df779daba1582631b7ea3517bb36f9e4007"
]
},
"Metadata": {
"LastTagTime": "0001-01-01T00:00:00Z"
}
}
]
2.8、修改镜像的Tag
描述（英文）：Create a tag TARGET_IMAGE that refers to SOURCE_IMAGE
描述（中文）：创建一个引用源镜像的目标镜像标记
语法：docker image tag SOURCE_IMAGE[:TAG] TARGET_IMAGE[:TAG]
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.17 e791337790a6 18 hours ago 127MB
debian 10.3 378ca4b1d2fe 2 days ago 114MB
ubuntu 19.10 e9ccb229a23d 4 weeks ago 72.9MB
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image tag centos:8.1.1911 centos:latest
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.17 e791337790a6 18 hours ago 127MB
debian 10.3 378ca4b1d2fe 2 days ago 114MB
ubuntu 19.10 e9ccb229a23d 4 weeks ago 72.9MB
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos latest 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
2.9、删除镜像命令
描述（英文）：Remove one or more images
描述（中文）：移除一个或多个镜像
语法：docker image rm [OPTIONS] IMAGE [IMAGE...]
别名：rm, rmi, remove
选项：
| 选项 | 英文说明&中文说明 |
|---|---|
| -f, --force | Force removal of the image 强制移除镜像 |
| --no-prune | Do not delete untagged parents 不删除未标记的父类镜像 |
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.17 e791337790a6 21 hours ago 127MB
debian 10.3 378ca4b1d2fe 2 days ago 114MB
ubuntu 20.04 a3282b72a167 4 weeks ago 73.8MB
ubuntu 19.10 e9ccb229a23d 4 weeks ago 72.9MB
centos 8.1.1911 470671670cac 3 months ago 237MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
[root@Server ~]# docker image rm centos:8.1.1911
Error response from daemon: conflict: unable to remove repository reference "centos:8.1.1911" (must force) - container 0d9cf07a8636 is using its referenced image 470671670cac
# 删除一个镜像
# docker image rm 470671670cac
[root@Server ~]# docker image rm -f centos:8.1.1911
Untagged: centos:8.1.1911
Deleted: sha256:470671670cac686c7cf0081e0b37da2e9f4f768ddc5f6a26102ccd1c6954c1ee
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
nginx 1.17 e791337790a6 21 hours ago 127MB
debian 10.3 378ca4b1d2fe 2 days ago 114MB
ubuntu 20.04 a3282b72a167 4 weeks ago 73.8MB
ubuntu 19.10 e9ccb229a23d 4 weeks ago 72.9MB
centos 7.7.1908 08d05d1d5859 5 months ago 204MB
# 删除所有的镜像
# docker image rm -f `docker image ls -a -q`
[root@Server ~]# docker image rm -f $(docker image ls -a -q)
Untagged: nginx:1.17
Deleted: sha256:e791337790a6181d5ce870b3bb16de1a4d5aa3a916e8fba6907f57eb409934cf
Deleted: sha256:615a169a3412634ebf75d5f0f5162290fb6042ba36285bd0ddc9ee123165b95e
Deleted: sha256:bd32d67adcec3dba661c5afebc8a2a5413e68a3283b5ad7df134ed86f00b380a
Deleted: sha256:b60e5c3bcef2f42ec42648b3acf7baf6de1fa780ca16d9180f3b4a3f266fe7bc
Untagged: debian:10.3
Deleted: sha256:378ca4b1d2fe114d06668e67b273877159c5bae9e8d8e9ef7c61ff8305e30692
Untagged: ubuntu:20.04
Untagged: ubuntu@sha256:1515a62dc73021e2e7666a31e878ef3b4daddc500c3d031b35130ac05067abc0
Deleted: sha256:a3282b72a167a35ad4c8221217b6fb428d0523e848ca1e4e84aa36ca8044f897
Deleted: sha256:6d79622f1830aa7e036a206957e522cbb5b16276ea782ca4909455ed88665931
Deleted: sha256:9ab246c328c316da183cad9612efdd19c7062b0c1815f2e00fec9d6d4eb79850
Deleted: sha256:c6b6cb7b5361dbcd607e546b9e6f3f4397636fc7157c65bc0294970d6a9fdf91
Deleted: sha256:9c75c22ceed8daa4dc61a5708fc6631e3f083bef7a2cfd6554cd3fd7e2b33013
Untagged: ubuntu:19.10
Deleted: sha256:e9ccb229a23d2d51da337c78c4ba1fd844f476e4639cd0c91099d1b62b8f8a45
Untagged: centos:7.7.1908
Deleted: sha256:08d05d1d5859ebcfb3312d246e2082e46cb307f0e896c9ac097185f0b0b19e56
[root@Server ~]# docker image ls -a
REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE