简单可以理解为闹钟,到达指定一段时间后,就会响铃。
STM32 芯片自带硬件定时器,精度较高,达到定时时间后会触发中断,也可以生成 PWM 、输入捕获、输出 比较,等等,功能强大,但是由于硬件的限制,个数有限。
软件定时器也可以实现定时功能,达到定时时间后可调用回调函数,可以在回调函数里处理信息。
优点:
1. 简单、成本低;
2. 只要内存足够,可创建多个;
缺点:
精度较低,容易受中断影响。在大多数情况下够用,但对于精度要求比较高的场合不建议使用。
定时器是一个可选的、不属于 FreeRTOS 内核的功能,它是由定时器服务任务来提供的。
在调用函数 vTaskStartScheduler() 开启任务调度器的时候,会创建一个用于管理软件定时器的任务,这个 任务就叫做软件定时器服务任务。
1. 负责软件定时器超时的逻辑判断
2. 调用超时软件定时器的超时回调函数
3. 处理软件定时器命令队列
FreeRTOS提供了很多定时器有关的API函数,这些API函数大多都使用FreeRTOS的队列发送命令给定时器服务任务。这个队列叫做定时器命令队列。定时器命令队列是提供给FreeRTOS的软件定时器使用的,用户不能直接访问!
软件定时器有一个定时器服务任务和定时器命令队列,这两个东西肯定是要配置的,相关的配置也是放到文件FreeRTOSConfig.h中的,涉及到的配置如下:
1、configUSE_TIMERS
如果要使用软件定时器的话宏configUSE_TIMERS一定要设置为1,当设置为1的话定时器服务任务就会在启动FreeRTOS调度器的时候自动创建。
2、configTIMER_TASK_PRIORITY
设置软件定时器服务任务的任务优先级,可以为0~(configMAX_PRIORITIES-1)。优先级一定要根据实际的应用要求来设置。如果定时器服务任务的优先级设置的高的话,定时器命令队列中的命令和定时器回调函数就会及时的得到处理。
3、configTIMER_QUEUE_LENGTH
此宏用来设置定时器命令队列的队列长度。
4、configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH
此宏用来设置定时器服务任务的任务堆栈大小。
单次定时器: 只超时一次,调用一次回调函数。可手动再开启定时器;
周期定时器: 多次超时,多次调用回调函数。
TimerHandle_t xTimerCreate(
const char * const pcTimerName,
const TickType_t xTimerPeriod,
const UBaseType_t uxAutoReload,
void * const pvTimerID,
TimerCallbackFunction_t pxCallbackFunction
);
参数:
pcTimerName:软件定时器名称
xTimerPeriodInTicks:定时超时时间,单位:系统时钟节拍。宏 pdMS_TO_TICKS() 可用于将以毫秒为单位 指定的时间转换为以 tick 为单位指定的时间。
uxAutoReload:定时器模式, pdTRUE:周期定时器, pdFALSE:单次定时器
pvTimerID:软件定时器 ID,用于多个软件定时器公用一个超时回调函数
pxCallbackFunction:软件定时器超时回调函数
返回值: 成功:定时器句柄 失败:NULL
BaseType_t xTimerStart(
TimerHandle_t xTimer,
TickType_t xBlockTime
);
参数:
xTimer:待开启的软件定时器的句柄
xTickToWait:发送命令到软件定时器命令队列的最大等待时间
返回值:
pdPASS:开启成功 pdFAIL:开启失败
BaseType_t xTimerStop(
TimerHandle_t xTimer,
TickType_t xBlockTime
);
参数与返回值同上。
BaseType_t xTimerReset(
TimerHandle_t xTimer,
TickType_t xBlockTime
);
参数与返回值同上。
该功能将使软件定时器的重新开启定时,复位后的软件定时器以复位时的时刻作为开启时刻重新定时。
6.5、更改软件定时器定时时间
BaseType_t xTimerChangePeriod(
TimerHandle_t xTimer,
TickType_t xNewPeriod,
TickType_t xBlockTime
);
xNewPeriod:新的定时超时时间,单位:系统时钟节拍。
其余参数与返回值同上。
创建两个定时器:
定时器1,周期定时器,每1秒打印一次 I LOVE YOU
定时器2,单次定时器,启动后 2 秒打印一次 You Look Handsome
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* File Name : freertos.c
* Description : Code for freertos applications
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "cmsis_os.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Variables */
/* USER CODE END Variables */
osThreadId defaultTaskHandle;
osTimerId myTimer01Handle; /*定时器1句柄*/
osTimerId myTimer02Handle;
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN FunctionPrototypes */
/* USER CODE END FunctionPrototypes */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument);
void Callback01(void const * argument);
void Callback02(void const * argument);
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void); /* (MISRA C 2004 rule 8.1) */
/* GetIdleTaskMemory prototype (linked to static allocation support) */
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize );
/* GetTimerTaskMemory prototype (linked to static allocation support) */
void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize );
/* USER CODE BEGIN GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY */
static StaticTask_t xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;
static StackType_t xIdleStack[configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE];
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize )
{
*ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = &xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;
*ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = &xIdleStack[0];
*pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;
/* place for user code */
}
/* USER CODE END GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY */
/* USER CODE BEGIN GET_TIMER_TASK_MEMORY */
static StaticTask_t xTimerTaskTCBBuffer;
static StackType_t xTimerStack[configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH];
void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize )
{
*ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer = &xTimerTaskTCBBuffer;
*ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer = &xTimerStack[0];
*pulTimerTaskStackSize = configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH;
/* place for user code */
}
/* USER CODE END GET_TIMER_TASK_MEMORY */
/**
* @brief FreeRTOS initialization
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void) {
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_MUTEX */
/* add mutexes, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_MUTEX */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_SEMAPHORES */
/* add semaphores, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_SEMAPHORES */
/* Create the timer(s) */
/* definition and creation of myTimer01 */
osTimerDef(myTimer01, Callback01);
myTimer01Handle = osTimerCreate(osTimer(myTimer01), osTimerPeriodic, NULL); /*创建软件定时器1,osTimerCreate是CubeMX封装函数,底层还是xTimerCreate*/
/* definition and creation of myTimer02 */
osTimerDef(myTimer02, Callback02);
myTimer02Handle = osTimerCreate(osTimer(myTimer02), osTimerOnce, NULL);
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_TIMERS */
/* start timers, add new ones, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_TIMERS */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_QUEUES */
/* add queues, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_QUEUES */
/* Create the thread(s) */
/* definition and creation of defaultTask */
osThreadDef(defaultTask, StartDefaultTask, osPriorityNormal, 0, 128);
defaultTaskHandle = osThreadCreate(osThread(defaultTask), NULL);
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_THREADS */
/* add threads, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_THREADS */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_StartDefaultTask */
/**
* @brief Function implementing the defaultTask thread.
* @param argument: Not used
* @retval None
*/
/* USER CODE END Header_StartDefaultTask */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN StartDefaultTask */
osTimerStart(myTimer01Handle, 1000); /*开启软件定时器1,定时1000ms*/
// xTimerChangePeriod(myTimer01Handle, pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000), 0); /*修改软件定时器1的事件为1000ms*/
osTimerStart(myTimer02Handle, 2000);
/* Infinite loop */
for(;;)
{
osDelay(1);
}
/* USER CODE END StartDefaultTask */
}
/* Callback01 function */
void Callback01(void const * argument) /*定时器1对应的回调函数*/
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback01 */
printf("周期定时器:I LOVE YOU!\r\n");
/* USER CODE END Callback01 */
}
/* Callback02 function */
void Callback02(void const * argument)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback02 */
printf("单次定时器:You Look Handsome!\r\n");
/* USER CODE END Callback02 */
}
/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Application */
/* USER CODE END Application */
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header */
/**
******************************************************************************
* File Name : freertos.c
* Description : Code for freertos applications
******************************************************************************
* @attention
*
* Copyright (c) 2024 STMicroelectronics.
* All rights reserved.
*
* This software is licensed under terms that can be found in the LICENSE file
* in the root directory of this software component.
* If no LICENSE file comes with this software, it is provided AS-IS.
*
******************************************************************************
*/
/* USER CODE END Header */
/* Includes ------------------------------------------------------------------*/
#include "FreeRTOS.h"
#include "task.h"
#include "main.h"
#include "cmsis_os.h"
/* Private includes ----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Includes */
#include "stdio.h"
/* USER CODE END Includes */
/* Private typedef -----------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PTD */
/* USER CODE END PTD */
/* Private define ------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PD */
/* USER CODE END PD */
/* Private macro -------------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN PM */
/* USER CODE END PM */
/* Private variables ---------------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Variables */
/* USER CODE END Variables */
osThreadId defaultTaskHandle;
osTimerId myTimer01Handle; /*定时器1句柄*/
osTimerId myTimer02Handle;
/* Private function prototypes -----------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN FunctionPrototypes */
/* USER CODE END FunctionPrototypes */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument);
void Callback01(void const * argument);
void Callback02(void const * argument);
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void); /* (MISRA C 2004 rule 8.1) */
/* GetIdleTaskMemory prototype (linked to static allocation support) */
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize );
/* GetTimerTaskMemory prototype (linked to static allocation support) */
void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize );
/* USER CODE BEGIN GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY */
static StaticTask_t xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;
static StackType_t xIdleStack[configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE];
void vApplicationGetIdleTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulIdleTaskStackSize )
{
*ppxIdleTaskTCBBuffer = &xIdleTaskTCBBuffer;
*ppxIdleTaskStackBuffer = &xIdleStack[0];
*pulIdleTaskStackSize = configMINIMAL_STACK_SIZE;
/* place for user code */
}
/* USER CODE END GET_IDLE_TASK_MEMORY */
/* USER CODE BEGIN GET_TIMER_TASK_MEMORY */
static StaticTask_t xTimerTaskTCBBuffer;
static StackType_t xTimerStack[configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH];
void vApplicationGetTimerTaskMemory( StaticTask_t **ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer, StackType_t **ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer, uint32_t *pulTimerTaskStackSize )
{
*ppxTimerTaskTCBBuffer = &xTimerTaskTCBBuffer;
*ppxTimerTaskStackBuffer = &xTimerStack[0];
*pulTimerTaskStackSize = configTIMER_TASK_STACK_DEPTH;
/* place for user code */
}
/* USER CODE END GET_TIMER_TASK_MEMORY */
/**
* @brief FreeRTOS initialization
* @param None
* @retval None
*/
void MX_FREERTOS_Init(void) {
/* USER CODE BEGIN Init */
/* USER CODE END Init */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_MUTEX */
/* add mutexes, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_MUTEX */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_SEMAPHORES */
/* add semaphores, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_SEMAPHORES */
/* Create the timer(s) */
/* definition and creation of myTimer01 */
int Timer1_ID = 1;
// osTimerDef(myTimer01, Callback01);
// myTimer01Handle = osTimerCreate(osTimer(myTimer01), osTimerPeriodic, NULL); /*创建软件定时器1,osTimerCreate是CubeMX封装函数,底层还是xTimerCreate*/
/* 创建软件定时器1,名称:myTimer01 ,定时时间1000ms:pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000) ,模式:周期定时*/
myTimer01Handle = xTimerCreate("myTimer01" , pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000) ,pdTRUE , &Timer1_ID ,Callback01);
/* definition and creation of myTimer02 */
int Timer2_ID = 2;
// osTimerDef(myTimer02, Callback02);
// myTimer02Handle = osTimerCreate(osTimer(myTimer02), osTimerOnce, NULL);
myTimer02Handle = xTimerCreate("myTimer02" , pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000) ,pdFALSE , &Timer2_ID ,Callback02);
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_TIMERS */
/* start timers, add new ones, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_TIMERS */
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_QUEUES */
/* add queues, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_QUEUES */
/* Create the thread(s) */
/* definition and creation of defaultTask */
osThreadDef(defaultTask, StartDefaultTask, osPriorityNormal, 0, 128);
defaultTaskHandle = osThreadCreate(osThread(defaultTask), NULL);
/* USER CODE BEGIN RTOS_THREADS */
/* add threads, ... */
/* USER CODE END RTOS_THREADS */
}
/* USER CODE BEGIN Header_StartDefaultTask */
/**
* @brief Function implementing the defaultTask thread.
* @param argument: Not used
* @retval None
*/
/* USER CODE END Header_StartDefaultTask */
void StartDefaultTask(void const * argument)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN StartDefaultTask */
//osTimerStart(myTimer01Handle, 1000); /*CubeMX封装的函数,开启软件定时器1,定时1000ms*/
// xTimerChangePeriod(myTimer01Handle, pdMS_TO_TICKS(1000), 0); /*修改软件定时器1的事件为1000ms*/
//osTimerStart(myTimer02Handle, 2000);
xTimerStart(myTimer01Handle ,portMAX_DELAY); /*开启定时器1*/
xTimerStart(myTimer02Handle ,portMAX_DELAY); /*开启定时器2*/
/* Infinite loop */
for(;;)
{
osDelay(1);
}
/* USER CODE END StartDefaultTask */
}
/* Callback01 function */
void Callback01(void const * argument) /*定时器1对应的回调函数*/
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback01 */
printf("周期定时器:I LOVE YOU!\r\n");
/* USER CODE END Callback01 */
}
/* Callback02 function */
void Callback02(void const * argument)
{
/* USER CODE BEGIN Callback02 */
printf("单次定时器:You Look Handsome!\r\n");
/* USER CODE END Callback02 */
}
/* Private application code --------------------------------------------------*/
/* USER CODE BEGIN Application */
/* USER CODE END Application */
结果: