软件测试|Python数据可视化神器——pyecharts教程（五）

前言

之前的几篇文章我们讲述了使用pyecharts绘制柱状图，地理信息图，饼图，双y轴图形的绘制，然后有朋友跟我说，最近沉迷股市，我这个框架能不能绘制K线图，他要从K线图中找规律，寻找逆风翻盘的机会，我跟他说，可以，安排，这篇文章我们就介绍一下使用pyecharts绘制K线图。

数据准备

首先，什么是K线图？K线图，股市及期货市场中的K线图的画法包含四个数据，即开盘价、最高价、最低价、收盘价，所有的k线都是围绕这四个数据展开，反映大势的状况和价格信息。如果把每日的K线图放在一张纸上，就能得到日K线图，同样也可画出周K线图、月K线图。

我们本篇文章以日K线图为例进行绘制，所以我们就需要获得一支股票，一段时间内的开盘价、最高价、最低价、收盘价。

# 取一支股票某一个月每一个交易日的开盘价、最高价、最低价、收盘价，获取步骤下一篇文章我们将进行介绍
data = [
     [2320.26, 2320.26, 2287.3, 2362.94],
     [2300, 2291.3, 2288.26, 2308.38],
     [2295.35, 2346.5, 2295.35, 2345.92],
     [2347.22, 2358.98, 2337.35, 2363.8],
     [2360.75, 2382.48, 2347.89, 2383.76],
     [2383.43, 2385.42, 2371.23, 2391.82],
     [2377.41, 2419.02, 2369.57, 2421.15],
     [2425.92, 2428.15, 2417.58, 2440.38],
     [2411, 2433.13, 2403.3, 2437.42],
     [2432.68, 2334.48, 2427.7, 2441.73],
     [2430.69, 2418.53, 2394.22, 2433.89],
     [2416.62, 2432.4, 2414.4, 2443.03],
     [2441.91, 2421.56, 2418.43, 2444.8],
     [2420.26, 2382.91, 2373.53, 2427.07],
     [2383.49, 2397.18, 2370.61, 2397.94],
     [2378.82, 2325.95, 2309.17, 2378.82],
     [2322.94, 2314.16, 2308.76, 2330.88],
     [2320.62, 2325.82, 2315.01, 2338.78],
     [2313.74, 2293.34, 2289.89, 2340.71],
     [2297.77, 2313.22, 2292.03, 2324.63],
     [2322.32, 2365.59, 2308.92, 2366.16],
     [2364.54, 2359.51, 2330.86, 2369.65],
     [2332.08, 2273.4, 2259.25, 2333.54],
     [2274.81, 2326.31, 2270.1, 2328.14],
     [2333.61, 2347.18, 2321.6, 2351.44],
     [2340.44, 2324.29, 2304.27, 2352.02],
     [2326.42, 2318.61, 2314.59, 2333.67],
     [2314.68, 2310.59, 2296.58, 2320.96],
     [2309.16, 2286.6, 2264.83, 2333.29],
     [2282.17, 2263.97, 2253.25, 2286.33],
     [2255.77, 2270.28, 2253.31, 2276.22],
 ]

绘制K线图

绘制K线图需要先引入Kline，pyecharts直接支持K线图绘制，下面是我们的代码。

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Kline

data = [
    [2320.26, 2320.26, 2287.3, 2362.94],
    [2300, 2291.3, 2288.26, 2308.38],
    [2295.35, 2346.5, 2295.35, 2345.92],
    [2347.22, 2358.98, 2337.35, 2363.8],
    [2360.75, 2382.48, 2347.89, 2383.76],
    [2383.43, 2385.42, 2371.23, 2391.82],
    [2377.41, 2419.02, 2369.57, 2421.15],
    [2425.92, 2428.15, 2417.58, 2440.38],
    [2411, 2433.13, 2403.3, 2437.42],
    [2432.68, 2334.48, 2427.7, 2441.73],
    [2430.69, 2418.53, 2394.22, 2433.89],
    [2416.62, 2432.4, 2414.4, 2443.03],
    [2441.91, 2421.56, 2418.43, 2444.8],
    [2420.26, 2382.91, 2373.53, 2427.07],
    [2383.49, 2397.18, 2370.61, 2397.94],
    [2378.82, 2325.95, 2309.17, 2378.82],
    [2322.94, 2314.16, 2308.76, 2330.88],
    [2320.62, 2325.82, 2315.01, 2338.78],
    [2313.74, 2293.34, 2289.89, 2340.71],
    [2297.77, 2313.22, 2292.03, 2324.63],
    [2322.32, 2365.59, 2308.92, 2366.16],
    [2364.54, 2359.51, 2330.86, 2369.65],
    [2332.08, 2273.4, 2259.25, 2333.54],
    [2274.81, 2326.31, 2270.1, 2328.14],
    [2333.61, 2347.18, 2321.6, 2351.44],
    [2340.44, 2324.29, 2304.27, 2352.02],
    [2326.42, 2318.61, 2314.59, 2333.67],
    [2314.68, 2310.59, 2296.58, 2320.96],
    [2309.16, 2286.6, 2264.83, 2333.29],
    [2282.17, 2263.97, 2253.25, 2286.33],
    [2255.77, 2270.28, 2253.31, 2276.22],
]

kline = (
    Kline()
        .add_xaxis(["2022/7/{}".format(i + 1) for i in range(31)])
        .add_yaxis("kline", data)
        .set_global_opts(
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(is_scale=True),
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(is_scale=True),
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="某股票2022年7月份K线图"),
    )
)
kline.render()

绘制图像如下：

绘制可滑动K线图

上方代码绘制的图像将每一天的股价进行了展示，但是还不够方便我们的阅读，我们可以加上滑动的参数，使得我们查看K线图更加方便，我们只需要加上滑动的代码即可。代码如下:

from pyecharts import options as opts
from pyecharts.charts import Kline

data = [
    [2320.26, 2320.26, 2287.3, 2362.94],
    [2300, 2291.3, 2288.26, 2308.38],
    [2295.35, 2346.5, 2295.35, 2345.92],
    [2347.22, 2358.98, 2337.35, 2363.8],
    [2360.75, 2382.48, 2347.89, 2383.76],
    [2383.43, 2385.42, 2371.23, 2391.82],
    [2377.41, 2419.02, 2369.57, 2421.15],
    [2425.92, 2428.15, 2417.58, 2440.38],
    [2411, 2433.13, 2403.3, 2437.42],
    [2432.68, 2334.48, 2427.7, 2441.73],
    [2430.69, 2418.53, 2394.22, 2433.89],
    [2416.62, 2432.4, 2414.4, 2443.03],
    [2441.91, 2421.56, 2418.43, 2444.8],
    [2420.26, 2382.91, 2373.53, 2427.07],
    [2383.49, 2397.18, 2370.61, 2397.94],
    [2378.82, 2325.95, 2309.17, 2378.82],
    [2322.94, 2314.16, 2308.76, 2330.88],
    [2320.62, 2325.82, 2315.01, 2338.78],
    [2313.74, 2293.34, 2289.89, 2340.71],
    [2297.77, 2313.22, 2292.03, 2324.63],
    [2322.32, 2365.59, 2308.92, 2366.16],
    [2364.54, 2359.51, 2330.86, 2369.65],
    [2332.08, 2273.4, 2259.25, 2333.54],
    [2274.81, 2326.31, 2270.1, 2328.14],
    [2333.61, 2347.18, 2321.6, 2351.44],
    [2340.44, 2324.29, 2304.27, 2352.02],
    [2326.42, 2318.61, 2314.59, 2333.67],
    [2314.68, 2310.59, 2296.58, 2320.96],
    [2309.16, 2286.6, 2264.83, 2333.29],
    [2282.17, 2263.97, 2253.25, 2286.33],
    [2255.77, 2270.28, 2253.31, 2276.22],
]

kline = (
    Kline()
        .add_xaxis(["2012/7/{}".format(i + 1) for i in range(31)])
        .add_yaxis("kline", data)
        .set_global_opts(
        xaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(is_scale=True),
        yaxis_opts=opts.AxisOpts(
            is_scale=True,
            splitarea_opts=opts.SplitAreaOpts(
                is_show=True, areastyle_opts=opts.AreaStyleOpts(opacity=1)
            ),
        ),
        datazoom_opts=[opts.DataZoomOpts()],
        title_opts=opts.TitleOpts(title="某股票2022年7月滑动K线图"),
    )
)
kline.render()

绘制图像如下:

总结

本文主要介绍了使用pyecharts绘制K线图的步骤，下一篇文章我们将讲解获取股票价格数据的步骤，期待大家的拍砖和建议。

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