运维篇-SQL实战

【MySQL8入门到精通】运维篇-SQL实战（100道题库）

https://jeames.blog.csdn.net/article/details/121688943
感谢邦德老师

前言
1.建表语句
2.字符集设置
3.表的创建、修改、删除
4.数据完整性约束
5.更新完整性约束条件
6.索引的创建
7.插入、更新、删除
8.数据查询
9.自定义函数
10.触发器函数

1.建表语句
注:讲以下建表create_db.sql, 导入Mysql数据库
mysqldump -uroot -P >d:/create db.sql

– MySQL dump 10.13 Distrib 5.7.21, for Win64 (x86_64)

– Host: localhost Database: db_school

---

– Server version5.7.21-log

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT /;
/!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS /;
/!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION /;
/!40101 SET NAMES utf8 /;
/!40103 SET @OLD_TIME_ZONE=@@TIME_ZONE /;
/!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=‘+00:00’ /;
/!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 /;
/!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 /;
/!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE=‘NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO’ /;
/!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

–
– Current Database: db_school

CREATE DATABASE /!32312 IF NOT EXISTS/ db_school /*!40100 DEFAULT CHARACTER SET gb2312 */;

USE db_school;

–
– Table structure for table tb_class

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_class;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client /;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 /;
CREATE TABLE tb_class (
classNo char(6) NOT NULL,
className varchar(20) NOT NULL,
department varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
grade enum(‘1’,‘2’,‘3’,‘4’) DEFAULT NULL,
classNum tinyint(4) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (classNo),
UNIQUE KEY uq_class (className)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

–
– Dumping data for table tb_class

LOCK TABLES tb_class WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_class DISABLE KEYS /;
INSERT INTO tb_class VALUES (‘AC1301’,‘会计13-1班’,‘会计学院’,‘1’,35),(‘AC1302’,‘会计13-2班’,‘会计学院’,‘1’,35),(‘CS1401’,‘计算机14-1班’,‘计算机学院’,‘2’,35),(‘IS1301’,‘信息系统13-1班’,‘信息学院’,‘1’,NULL),(‘IS1401’,‘信息系统14-1班’,‘信息学院’,NULL,30);
/!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_class ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

–
– Table structure for table tb_course

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_course;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client /;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 /;
CREATE TABLE tb_course (
courseNo char(6) NOT NULL,
courseName varchar(20) NOT NULL,
credit decimal(3,1) NOT NULL,
courseHour tinyint(2) NOT NULL,
term tinyint(1) DEFAULT NULL,
priorCourse char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (courseNo),
UNIQUE KEY courseName (courseName),
UNIQUE KEY uqidx_courseName (courseName(3)),
KEY fk_course (priorCourse),
CONSTRAINT fk_course FOREIGN KEY (priorCourse) REFERENCES tb_course (courseNo)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

–
– Dumping data for table tb_course

LOCK TABLES tb_course WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_course DISABLE KEYS /;
INSERT INTO tb_course VALUES (‘11003’,‘管理学’,2.0,32,2,NULL),(‘11005’,‘会计学’,3.0,48,3,NULL),(‘21001’,‘计算机基础’,3.0,48,1,NULL),(‘21002’,‘OFFICE高级应用’,3.0,48,2,‘21001’),(‘21004’,‘程序设计’,4.0,64,2,‘21001’),(‘21005’,‘数据库’,4.0,64,5,‘21004’),(‘21006’,‘操作系统’,4.0,64,5,‘21001’),(‘31001’,‘管理信息系统’,3.0,48,3,‘21004’),(‘31002’,‘信息系统-分析与设计’,2.0,32,4,‘31001’),(‘31005’,‘项目管理’,3.0,48,5,‘31001’);
/!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_course ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

–
– Table structure for table tb_score

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_score;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client /;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 /;
CREATE TABLE tb_score (
studentNo char(10) NOT NULL,
courseNo char(6) NOT NULL,
score decimal(4,1) NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (studentNo,courseNo),
KEY idx_stuNo_courNo (courseNo,studentNo),
KEY idx_courseNo (courseNo),
CONSTRAINT fk_score_courNo FOREIGN KEY (courseNo) REFERENCES tb_course (courseNo),
CONSTRAINT fk_score_stuNo FOREIGN KEY (studentNo) REFERENCES tb_student (studentNo)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

–
– Dumping data for table tb_score

LOCK TABLES tb_score WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_score DISABLE KEYS /;
INSERT INTO tb_score VALUES (‘2013110101’,‘11003’,90.0),(‘2013110101’,‘21001’,86.0),(‘2013110103’,‘11003’,89.0),(‘2013110103’,‘21001’,88.0),(‘2013110201’,‘11003’,78.0),(‘2013110201’,‘21001’,92.0),(‘2013110202’,‘11003’,82.0),(‘2013110202’,‘21001’,85.0),(‘2013310101’,‘21004’,83.0),(‘2013310101’,‘31002’,68.0),(‘2013310103’,‘21004’,80.0),(‘2013310103’,‘31002’,76.0),(‘2014210101’,‘11003’,80.0),(‘2014210101’,‘11005’,75.0),(‘2014210101’,‘21001’,60.0),(‘2014210101’,‘21002’,93.0),(‘2014210101’,‘21004’,89.0),(‘2014210101’,‘21005’,55.0),(‘2014210101’,‘21006’,80.0),(‘2014210101’,‘31001’,68.0),(‘2014210101’,‘31002’,77.0),(‘2014210101’,‘31005’,85.0),(‘2014210102’,‘21002’,95.0),(‘2014210102’,‘21004’,88.0),(‘2014310101’,‘21001’,79.0),(‘2014310101’,‘21004’,80.0),(‘2014310102’,‘21001’,91.0),(‘2014310102’,‘21004’,87.0);
/!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_score ENABLE KEYS */;
UNLOCK TABLES;

–
– Table structure for table tb_student

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS tb_student;
/*!40101 SET @saved_cs_client = @@character_set_client /;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = utf8 /;
CREATE TABLE tb_student (
studentNo char(10) NOT NULL,
studentName varchar(10) NOT NULL,
sex char(2) DEFAULT NULL,
birthday date DEFAULT NULL,
native varchar(20) DEFAULT NULL,
nation varchar(20) DEFAULT ‘汉’,
classNo char(6) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (studentNo),
KEY fk_student (classNo),
CONSTRAINT fk_student FOREIGN KEY (classNo) REFERENCES tb_class (classNo)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=gb2312;
/!40101 SET character_set_client = @saved_cs_client */;

–
– Dumping data for table tb_student

LOCK TABLES tb_student WRITE;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_student DISABLE KEYS /;
INSERT INTO tb_student VALUES (‘2013110101’,‘张晓勇’,‘男’,‘1997-12-11’,‘山西’,‘汉’,‘AC1301’),(‘2013110103’,‘王一敏’,‘女’,‘1996-03-25’,‘河北’,‘汉’,‘AC1301’),(‘2013110201’,‘江山’,‘女’,‘1996-09-17’,‘内蒙’,‘锡伯’,‘AC1302’),(‘2013110202’,‘李明’,‘男’,‘1996-01-14’,‘广西’,‘壮’,‘AC1302’),(‘2013310101’,‘黄菊’,‘女’,‘1995-09-30’,‘北京’,‘汉’,‘IS1301’),(‘2013310102’,‘林海’,‘男’,‘1996-01-18’,‘北京’,‘满’,‘IS1301’),(‘2013310103’,‘吴昊’,‘男’,‘1995-11-18’,‘河北’,‘汉’,‘IS1301’),(‘2014210101’,‘黄涛’,‘男’,‘1997-04-03’,‘湖南’,‘侗’,‘CS1401’),(‘2014210102’,‘郭志坚’,‘男’,‘1997-02-21’,‘上海’,‘汉’,‘CS1401’),(‘2014210103’,‘王玲’,‘女’,‘1998-02-21’,‘安徽’,‘汉’,‘CS1401’),(‘2014310101’,‘王林’,‘男’,‘1996-10-09’,‘河南’,‘汉’,‘IS1401’),(‘2014310102’,‘李怡然’,‘女’,‘1996-12-31’,‘辽宁’,‘汉’,‘IS1401’),(‘2015310103’,‘李彤’,‘男’,NULL,NULL,‘傣’,‘IS1401’);
/!40000 ALTER TABLE tb_student ENABLE KEYS /;
UNLOCK TABLES;
/!40103 SET TIME_ZONE=@OLD_TIME_ZONE */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE /;
/!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS /;
/!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS /;
/!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT /;
/!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS /;
/!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION /;
/!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES */;

– Dump completed on 2018-11-15 23:42:32

2.字符集设置
2.1在MySQL中创建一个名为db_ school的数据库，
要求设置默认字符集为GB2312,
字符集的校对规则为gb2312_chinese_ci。

show collation
show collation where Charset=‘GB2312’ and Collation like ‘%ci’;

CREATE DATABASE db_school CHARACTER SET GB2312 COLLATE gb2312_chinese_ci;

show databases;

–查看当前数据库字符集
show VARIABLES like ‘character%’;

–设置数据库字符集
alter database db_school character set GBK;

2.2查看当前用户可查看的数据库列表
show databases;
mysql> show databases;
±-------------------+
| Database |
±-------------------+
| information_schema |
| crm |
| db_school |

2.3.修改已有数据库db_school的默认字符集和校对规则分别为GBK, GBK_chinese_ci

–同时设置字符集合校对规则
alter database db_school DEFAULT CHARACTER SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
show collation where Charset=‘GBK’ and Collation like ‘%ci’;
mysql> alter database db_school DEFAULT CHARACTER SET GBK COLLATE gbk_chinese_ci;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> show collation where Charset=‘GBK’ and Collation like ‘%ci’;
±---------------±--------±—±--------±---------±--------+
| Collation | Charset | Id | Default | Compiled | Sortlen |
±---------------±--------±—±--------±---------±--------+
| gbk_chinese_ci | gbk | 28 | Yes | Yes | 1 |
±---------------±--------±—±--------±---------±--------+
3.表的创建、修改、删除
首先按照第1题的要求重新创建db_ school, 然后在数据库db_ school 中定义学生表
tb_ student，其表结构如表1所示，并要求使用InnoDB引擎存储表数据。。

##创建表
create table if not exists tb_student (
studentNo CHAR(10) not NULL primary key comment ‘学号’,
studentName VARCHAR(10) NOT null comment ‘姓名’,
sex CHAR(2) comment ‘性别’,
birthday date comment ‘出生日期’,
native VARCHAR(20) comment ‘籍贯’,
nation VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT ‘汉’ comment ‘民族’,
classNo CHAR(6) comment ‘所属班级’
) ENGINE=InnoDB comment ‘学生表’;

desc tb_student;
show columns from tb_student;

mysql> desc tb_student;
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| studentNo | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| studentName | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| native | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| nation | varchar(10) | YES | | 汉 | |
| classNo | char(6) | YES | | NULL | |
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
7 rows in set (0.01 sec)

mysql> show columns from tb_student;
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra |
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
| studentNo | char(10) | NO | PRI | NULL | |
| studentName | varchar(10) | NO | | NULL | |
| sex | char(2) | YES | | NULL | |
| birthday | date | YES | | NULL | |
| native | varchar(20) | YES | | NULL | |
| nation | varchar(10) | YES | | 汉 | |
| classNo | char(6) | YES | | NULL | |
±------------±------------±-----±----±--------±------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

3.1用命令show tables查看当前数据库中的所有表
mysql> show tables;
±--------------------+
| Tables_in_db_school |
±--------------------+
| tb_student |
±--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
3.2.将tb_student的表结构复制到tb_student2, 并向tb _student2中添加一 个INT型字段id,
要求其不能为NULL，取值唯- -且自动增加，并将该字段添加到表的第一个字段
create table tb_student2 select * from tb_student where 1=3;

alter table tb_student2 add id int ;
Alter table tb_student2 add primary key(id); -先创建主键
ALTER TABLE tb_student2 MODIFY id int not null AUTO_INCREMENT; --自增

3.3.向tb_ student表中添加一个varchar(16)类型的字段department, 用于描述学生所在院系,要求设
置其默认值为“城市学院”，并将该字段添加到原表nation之后
alter table tb_student add department varchar(16)
DEFAULT ‘城市学院’ comment ‘院系’ after nation;

3.4.将tb_ student中的字段birthday重 命名为age,并将其数据类型更改为TINYINT,
允许其为NULL,默认值为18。
用DESC 查看tb_student
alter table tb_student change birthday age TINYINT DEFAULT 18; --给字段重命名
3.5.将tb_ student表中的字段department的默认值删除
ALTER TABLE tb_student ALTER COLUMN department DROP DEFAULT;
3.6.将tb_ student表中的字段department的默认值改为环化学院’
ALTER TABLE tb_student ALTER COLUMN department SET DEFAULT ‘环化学院’;

3.7.将tb_student表中的字段department的数据类型更改为varchar(20), .
取值不允许为空，并将此字段移至字段studentName之后。
用desc tb_student命令查看结果
ALTER TABLE tb_student MODIFY department varchar(20) not null after studentName;

3.8.删除数据表tb_ student2中的字段id
ALTER TABLE tb_student2 MODIFY id int not null; //删除自增长
Alter table tb_student2 drop primary key;//删除主建

ALTER TABLE tb_student2 DROP id;

3.9.使用RENAME [TO]子句将数据库db_school中的数据表tb_ student2重新命名为backup_tb_student
alter table tb_student2 rename to backup_tb_student;

3.10.使用RENAME TABL E语句将数据库db_ school中的表
backup_ tb student再重新命名为tb student2
RENAME TABLE backup_tb_student TO tb_student2,new_table TO old_table;
drop table tb_student,tb_student2;

4.数据完整性约束
4.1重新按照表1创建tb_ student数据表，要求以表级完整性约束方式定义主键,
并指定主键约束名为pk_ student。
CREATE TABLE tb_student (
studentNo CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
studentName VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
sex CHAR(2),
birthday DATE,
native VARCHAR(20),
nation VARCHAR(20) default ‘汉’,
classNo CHAR(6),
constraint pk_student primary key(studentNo)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

4.2在数据库db_ school中, 按照表2的结构创建tb_class。 要求:使用InnoDB存储引擎 ，gb2312字符集，主键约束为列级完整性约束,唯一约束为表级完整性约束其约束名为uq_class

CREATE TABLE tb_class (
classNo CHAR(6) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
className VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(20),
grade ENUM(‘1’,‘2’,‘3’,‘4’),
classNum TINYINT,
constraint uq_class unique(className)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

4.3首先删除数据表tb_ student, 按照表1重新创建b_ student, 在创建的同时建立tb_student到tb_ class的外键约束(两个表相同含义的属性是classNo，因此classNo是tb student的外键)， 约束名为fk_student, 并定义相应的参照动作，更新操作为级联(cascade) ，删除操作为限制(restrict)， 数据表引擎为InnoDB，字符集为gb2312
drop table tb_student;

CREATE TABLE tb_student (
studentNo CHAR(10) NOT NULL,
studentName VARCHAR(10) NOT NULL,
sex CHAR(2),
birthday DATE,
native VARCHAR(20),
nation VARCHAR(20) default ‘汉’,
classNo CHAR(6),
constraint fk_student FOREIGN KEY (classNo)
references tb_class(classNo) on delete restrict on update cascade
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

4.4在数据库db_ school中按照表3创建tb_ course表,
要求:外键名字为fk_ _course, 引擎为InnoDB, 默认字符集为gb2312。

CREATE TABLE tb_course (
courseNo CHAR(6) NOT NULL primary key comment ‘课程号’,
courseName VARCHAR(20) unique not NULL comment ‘课程名’,
credit DECIMAL(3,1) not NULL comment ‘学分’,
courseHour TINYINT(2) not NULL comment ‘课时数’,
term TINYINT(2) comment ‘开课学期’,
priorCourse CHAR(6) comment ‘先修课程’,
constraint fk_course FOREIGN KEY(priorCourse) REFERENCES tb_course(courseNo)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

4.5在数据库db_ school中定 义数据表tb_ score,
表结构如表4所示，引擎为InnoDB,默认字符集为gb2312。

CREATE TABLE tb_score(
CREATE TABLE tb_score(
studentNo CHAR(10) NOT NULL comment ‘学号’,
courseNo CHAR(6) NOT NULL comment ‘课程号’,
credit DECIMAL(4,1) not NULL comment ‘成绩’,
constraint fk_score_stuNo FOREIGN KEY(studentNo) REFERENCES tb_student(studentNo),
constraint fk_score_courNo FOREIGN KEY(courseNo) REFERENCES tb_course(courseNo),
constraint pk_score PRIMARY KEY(studentNo,courseNo)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

注：外键约束对应的主键（在表里是主键才可以）

5.更新完整性约束条件
5.1删除在表tb_ score中定义的外键约束fk_ score_ stuNo
alter table tb_score drop foreign key fk_score_stuNo;

5.2.删除在表tb_ student中定义的主键约束。
Alter table tb_student drop primary key;

5.3添加主2键约束，用alter table语句在tb_ student对studentNo重新添加主键。
Alter table tb_student add primary key(studentNo);

5.4.添加外键约束，用alter table语句在tb_ score表对studentNo重 新添加外键,
对应的主键为tb_ student表的studentNo, 外键名称为fk_ score_ _stuNo。
ALTER TABLE tb_score ADD CONSTRAINT
fk_score_stuNo FOREIGN KEY(studentNo) REFERENCES tb_student(studentNo);

6.索引的创建
6.1.创建新表的同时创建普通索引:要求按照实验一-第5题表 1的结构创建tb_ student1表 ,
要求在创建的同时在studentName字段上建立普通索引，索弓|名为idx_ studentName。
create table if not exists tb_student1 (
studentNo CHAR(10) not NULL primary key comment ‘学号’,
studentName VARCHAR(10) NOT null comment ‘姓名’,
sex CHAR(2) comment ‘性别’,
birthday date comment ‘出生日期’,
native VARCHAR(20) comment ‘籍贯’,
nation VARCHAR(10) DEFAULT ‘汉’ comment ‘民族’,
classNo CHAR(6) comment ‘所属班级’,
INDEX idx_studentName(studentName)
) ENGINE=InnoDB comment ‘学生表’;

6.2.创建新表时创建唯一索引: 按照实验-第20题表2的结构创建tb_ class1表,要求在创建的同时在className字段上建立唯一索引， 索引名为uqidx_className。
CREATE TABLE tb_class1 (
classNo CHAR(6) PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL,
className VARCHAR(20) NOT NULL,
department VARCHAR(20),
grade ENUM(‘1’,‘2’,‘3’,‘4’),
classNum TINYINT,
constraint uq_class unique(className),
UNIQUE INDEX uqidx_className(className)
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

6.3.在创建新表的同时创建主键索引|:
按照第4部分表3的结构创建tb_ course1,
要求创建的同时在courseNo字段上建立主键索引。
CREATE TABLE tb_course1 (
courseNo CHAR(6) primary key comment ‘课程号’,
courseName VARCHAR(20) unique not NULL comment ‘课程名’,
credit DECIMAL(3,1) not NULL comment ‘学分’,
courseHour TINYINT(2) not NULL comment ‘课时数’,
term TINYINT(2) comment ‘开课学期’,
priorCourse CHAR(6) comment ‘先修课程’
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

6.4.使用create index语句创建索引:
按照第4部分表4的结构创建tb_ gscore1,
要求使用create index语句对studentNo建立普通降序索引，索弓|名为idx_ studentNo,
对courseNo建立普通升序索引，索弓|名为idx_ courseNo.
CREATE TABLE tb_score1(
studentNo CHAR(10) NOT NULL comment ‘学号’,
courseNo CHAR(6) NOT NULL comment ‘课程号’,
credit DECIMAL(4,1) not NULL comment ‘成绩’
) engine=InnoDB default charset=gb2312;

alter table tb_score1 add index idx_studentNo(studentNo desc);
alter table tb_score1 add index idx_courseNo(courseNo);

6.5.使用create index语句创建基于字段值前缀字符的索引: .
在tb _course. 上建立一个索引， 要求按课程名称courseName字段值的前三个字符建 立降序索引。
–函数要再加个括号
alter table tb_course add index idx_courseName1((left(courseName,3)) desc);
DROP INDEX idx_courseName1 on tb_course;

7.插入、更新、删除
7.1按照图1的内容向tb_class表中插入记录
INSERT INTO tb_class(classNo,department,className) VALUES(‘AC1301’, ‘会计学院’, ‘会计 13-1 班’);
INSERT INTO tb_class(classNo,department,className) VALUES(‘AC1302’, ‘会计学院’, ‘会计 13-2 班’);
INSERT INTO tb_class(classNo,department,className) VALUES(‘CS1401’, ‘计算机学院’, ‘计算机 14-1 班’);
INSERT INTO tb_class(classNo,department,className) VALUES(‘IS1301’, ‘信息学院’, ‘信息系统 13-1 班’);
INSERT INTO tb_class(classNo,department,className) VALUES(‘IS1401’, ‘信息学院’, ‘信息系统 14-1 班’);

7.2使用批量插入记录的方法，-次性向tb_ student表中插入如图2所示的记录
INSERT INTO tb_student
values (‘2013110101’, ‘张晓勇’, ‘男’, ‘1977-12-11’,‘山西’,‘汉’,‘AC1301’),
(‘2013110103’, ‘王一敏’, ‘女’, ‘1996-03-25’,‘河北’,‘汉’,‘AC1301’),
(‘2013110201’, ‘江山’, ‘女’, ‘1996-09-17’,‘内蒙’,‘锡伯’,‘AC1302’),
(‘2013110202’, ‘李明’, ‘男’, ‘1996-01-14’,‘广西’,‘壮’,‘AC1302’),
(‘2013310101’, ‘黄菊’, ‘女’, ‘1995-09-30’,‘北京’,‘汉’,‘IS1301’),
(‘2013310102’, ‘林海’, ‘男’, ‘1996-01-18’,‘北京’,‘满’,‘IS1301’),
(‘2013310103’, ‘吴昊’, ‘男’, ‘1995-11-18’,‘河北’,‘汉’,‘IS1301’),
(‘2014210101’, ‘刘涛’, ‘男’, ‘1997-04-03’,‘湖南’,‘侗’,‘CS1401’),
(‘2014210102’, ‘郭志坚’, ‘男’, ‘1997-04-03’,‘上海’,‘汉’,‘CS1401’),
(‘2014210103’, ‘王玲’, ‘女’, ‘1998-02-21’,‘安徽’,‘汉’,‘CS1401’),
(‘2014310101’, ‘王林’, ‘男’, ‘1996-10-09’,‘河南’,‘汉’,‘IS1401’),
(‘2014310102’, ‘李怡然’, ‘女’, ‘1996-12-31’,‘辽宁’,‘汉’,‘IS1401’);

7.3.向tb_ student表中插入一条新的记录,
学号为’2015310103’姓名为’李彤’，性别为男’，民族为傣’，班级编号为’IS1401’
(注意，这是部分字段的值)。
INSERT INTO tb_student(studentNo,studentName,sex,nation,classNo)
values(‘2015310103’,‘李彤’,‘男’,‘傣’,‘IS1401’);

7.4.向tb_student1表中插入tb_ student表中所有汉族学生的信息。
insert into tb_student1 select * from tb_student where nation=‘汉’;

7.6.使用update语句，把tb_student表中学号为’2014210101 "的学生姓名更改为’黄涛’.
update tb_student set studentName=‘黄涛’ where studentNo=‘2014210101’;

7.7删除tb_ student表中姓名为“王一敏“ 的学生信息。
delete from tb_student where studentName=‘王一敏’;

8.数据查询
重新导入建表语句
mysq|> source d:/create_ db.sql
第一部分 select语句基本用法
1.查询所有班级的班级编号、所属学院和班级名称
select classNo,department,className from tb_class;

2.从tb_class表中查询所有的学院名称。
select distinct department from tb_class;

3.查询全体学生的详细信息
select * from tb_student;

4.查询全体学生的姓名、性别和年龄
select studentName,sex,year(now())-year(birthday) age
from tb_student;

5.查询全体学生的姓名、性别和年龄，要求用汉语显示目标列表的名称。
select studentName as ‘姓名’,
sex as ‘性别’,
year(now())-year(birthday) as ‘年龄’
from tb_student;

6.查询课时大于等于48学时的课程名称和学分
select courseName,credit from tb_course
where courseHour >= 48;

7.查询少数民族学生的姓名、性别、籍贯和民族
select studentName,sex,nation, native
from tb_student where nation <> ‘汉’;

8.查询1997年出生的学生姓名、性别和具体日期。
select studentName,sex,birthday
from tb_student
where year(birthday)=1997;

9.查询不是1997年出生的学生姓名、性别和具体日期。
select studentName,sex,birthday
from tb_student where year(birthday)!=1997;

10.查询籍贯是北京、天津和上海的学生信息。
select * from tb_student
where native in (‘北京’,‘天津’,‘上海’);

11.查询籍贯不是北京、天津和上海的学生信息。
select * from tb_student
where native not in (‘北京’,‘天津’,‘上海’);

12.查询2013年入学的学生全部信息。
select * from tb_student
where left(studentNo,4)=‘2013’;

13.查询所有姓王的学生的学号、姓名和班级编号。
select studentNo,studentName,classNo
from tb_student where studentName like ‘王%’;

14.查询所有不姓王的学生的学号、姓名和班级编号。
select studentNo,studentName,classNo from tb_student
where studentName not like ‘王%’;

15.查询姓名中包含‘林’字的学生的学号、姓名和班级编号。
select studentNo,studentName,classNo
from tb_student where studentName like ‘%林%’;

16.查询姓王的且姓名为三个字的学生的学号、姓名和班级编号。
select studentNo,studentName,classNo from tb_student
where studentName like ‘王%’ and CHAR_LENGTH(studentName)=3;

17.查询课程名称中包含’-‘符号的课程信息;
select * from tb_course where courseName like ‘%-%’;

18.查询课程名称中带有中文‘系统’的课程信息。
select * from tb_course where courseName like ‘%系统%’;

19.查询课程名称中含有‘管理’、‘信息’或者‘系统’的课程信息。
select * from tb_course
where courseName like ‘%管理%’ or courseName like ‘%信息%’ or courseName like ‘%系统%’;

20.查询缺少先修课的课程信息。
select * from tb_course where priorCourse is null;

21.查询所有有先修课的课程信息
select * from tb_course where priorCourse is not null;

22.查询学分大于等于3且学时数大于32的的课程名称、学分和学时数。
select courseName,credit,courseHour
from tb_course
where credit=3 and courseHour>32;

23.查询籍贯是北京或者上海的学生的姓名、籍贯和民族。
select studentName,native, nation
from tb_student
where native in (‘北京’,‘上海’);

24.查询籍贯是北京或湖南的少数民族男生的姓名、籍贯和民族。
select studentName,native, nation
from tb_student where native in (‘北京’,‘湖南’)
and nation<>‘汉’;

25.查询学生的姓名、籍贯和民族，并将查询结果按姓名升序排序。
select * from tb_student order by studentName;

26.查询学生选课成绩大于85分的学号、课程号和成绩信息，并将查询结果先按学号升序排列，再按成绩降序排列。
select * from tb_score
where score>85
order by studentNo,score desc;

27.查询成绩排名第3至第5的学生学号、课程号和成绩
select * from tb_score
order by score desc limit 2,3;

第二部分 使用聚合函数查询
28.查询学生总人数。
select count(*) from tb_student;

29.查询选修了课程的学生总人数。
select sum(classNum) from tb_class;

30.计算选修课程编号为‘21001’的学生平均成绩。
select avg(score) from tb_score where courseNo=‘21001’;

31.计算选修课程编号为‘21001’的学生最高分。
select max(score) from tb_score where courseNo=‘21001’;

第三部分 分组聚合查询
32.查询各个课程号以及相应的选课人数。
select courseNo,count(*) from tb_score group by courseNo;

33.查询每个学生的选课门数、平均分和最高分
select studentNo,count(courseNo),avg(score),max(score)
from tb_score group by studentNo;

34.查询平均分在80分以上的每个同学的选课门数、平均分和最高分。
select studentNo,count(courseNo),avg(score),max(score)
from tb_score group by studentNo having avg(score)>80;

35.查询有2门以上（含2门）课程的成绩大于88分的学生学号及（88分以上的）课程数。
select studentNo,count(courseNo)
from tb_score where score> 88 group by studentNo
having count(courseNo)>=2;

36.查询所有学生选课的平均成绩，但只有当平均成绩大于80的情况下才输出。
select studentNo,avg(score)
from tb_score group by studentNo having avg(score)>80;

第四部分 多表连接查询
37.查询每个学生选修课程的情况
select b.studentNo,b.studentName,c.*
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo;

38.查询会计学院全体同学的学号、姓名、籍贯、班级编号和所在班级名称。
select a.studentNo,a.studentName,a.native,a.classNo,b.className
from tb_student a,tb_class b
where a.classNo = b.classNo
and b.department =‘会计学院’;

39.查询选修了课程名称为‘程序设计’的学生学号、姓名和成绩。
select b.studentNo,b.studentName,a.score
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘程序设计’;

40.查询与数据库这门课学分相同的课程信息。
select * from tb_course a where a.credit in
(select credit from tb_course b
where a.credit=b.credit and b.courseName = ‘数据库’)
and a.courseName <> ‘数据库’;

41.使用左连接查询所有学生及其选修课程的情况，
包括没有选修课程的学生，要求显示学号、姓名、性别、班号、选修的课程号和成绩。

select a.studentNo,a.studentName,a.sex,a.classNo,c.courseName,b.score
from tb_student a left join tb_score b on a.studentNo = b.studentNo
join tb_course c on b.courseNo=c.courseNo;

42.使用右连接查询所有学生及其选修课程的情况，
包括没有选修课程的学生，要求显示学号、姓名、性别、班号、选修的课程号和成绩。

select a.studentNo,a.studentName,a.sex,a.classNo,c.courseName,b.score
from tb_student a right join tb_score b on a.studentNo = b.studentNo
join tb_course c on b.courseNo=c.courseNo;

第五部分 子查询
43.查询选修了课程的学生姓名
select a.studentName from tb_student a where a.studentNo in
(select b.studentNo from tb_score b);

44.查询没有选修过课程的学生姓名。
select a.studentName from tb_student a where a.studentNo not in
(select b.studentNo from tb_score b);

45.查询班级‘计算机14-1班’所有学生的学号和姓名。
select a.studentNo,a.studentName from tb_student a where a.classNo in
(select b.classNo from tb_class b where b.className =‘计算机14-1班’);

46.查询与‘李明’同班的学生学号、姓名和班级编号。
select * from tb_student a
where a.classNo in
(select b.classNo from tb_student b where b.studentName=‘李明’)
and a.studentName != ‘李明’;

47.查询男生中比任意一个女生出生年份都晚的学生姓名和出生年份。
select * from tb_student a where a.birthday > any
(select birthday from tb_student b where b.sex =‘女’)
and a.sex =‘男’;

48.查询选修了课程号为‘31002’的学生姓名。
select a.studentName from tb_student a
where a.studentNo in
(select b.studentNo from tb_score b where b.courseNo=‘31002’);

49.查询没有选修课程号为‘31002’的学生姓名。
select a.studentName from tb_student a
where a.studentNo not in
(select b.studentNo from tb_score b where b.courseNo=‘31002’);

50.查询选修了全部课程的学生姓名
select a.studentName from tb_student a
where a.studentNo in (
select studentNo from tb_score group by studentNo
having count() = (select count() from tb_course)
);

第六部分 联合查询

51.使用UNION查询选修了‘管理学’或者‘计算机基础’的学生学号
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘管理学’
union
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘计算机基础’;

52.使用UNION ALL查询选修了‘管理学’或者‘计算机基础’的学生学号。
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘管理学’
union all
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘计算机基础’;

53.查询选修了‘计算机基础’，但没有选修‘管理学’的学生学号。
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName=‘计算机基础’
union
select b.studentNo
from tb_score a,tb_student b,tb_course c
where a.studentNo = b.studentNo
and a.courseNo = c.courseNo
and c.courseName<>‘管理学’;

9.自定义函数
第一部分 自定义函数创建、调用
1.编写函数名为fn_getMaleNum()的自定义函数，要求调用该函数后能显示男生的人数。
CREATE FUNCTION fn_getMaleNum() RETURNS int(10)
BEGIN
declare num int(10);
select count(*) from tb_student a
where a.sex =‘男’
INTO num;
RETURN num;
END;

##调用函数
select fn_getMaleNum();

2.编写自定义函数fn_getClassNum(cNo char(6)),要求调用该函数后能根据班级编号显示该班级的人数。

CREATE FUNCTION fn_getClassNum(cNo char(6)) RETURNS int(10)
BEGIN
declare num int(10);
select ifnull(classNum,0) classNum from tb_class where classNo = cNo
LIMIT 1
INTO num;
RETURN num;
END;

##调用函数
select fn_getClassNum(‘CS1401’);

3.编写自定义函数fn_getCourseScore(sNo char(10),courNo char(6)),
要求调用该函数后能根据学号和课号显示该学生某门课的成绩

CREATE FUNCTION fn_getCourseScore(sNo char(10),courNo char(6)) RETURNS int(10)
BEGIN
declare num int(10);
select score from tb_score
where studentNo = sNo
and courseNo = courNo
LIMIT 1
INTO num;
RETURN num;
END;

##调用函数
select fn_getCourseScore(‘2013110101’,‘11003’);

第二部分 自定义函数—条件控制语句
4.编写一个函数，要求根据调用时输入的性别显示相应的学生人数（从此题往后，函数名和参数名由同学自己拟定，注意函数名以fn_开头）

CREATE FUNCTION fn_getStuNum(Sex char(2)) RETURNS int(10)
BEGIN
declare num int(10);
select count(*) from tb_student a
where a.sex = Sex
INTO num;
RETURN num;
END;

##调用函数
select fn_getStuNum(‘男’);
select fn_getStuNum(‘女’);

5.编写一个函数，要求调用时输入学号，函数首先计算该学生所选课的平均成绩，
然后将成绩转换为5分制（转换方法: (成绩/100)*5,并保留整数部分），
结果如果是0、1或者2，输出‘不及格’，3，输出‘合格’，4，输出‘良好’，5，输出‘优秀’。

CREATE FUNCTION fn_getScore(sNo char(10)) RETURNS VARCHAR(10)
BEGIN
declare score int(10);
select CEILING((score/100)*5) from tb_score
where studentNo = sNo
LIMIT 1
INTO score;
if score=0 or score=1 or score=2 THEN
RETURN ‘不及格’;
elseif score=3 THEN
RETURN ‘合格’;
elseif score=4 THEN
RETURN ‘良好’;
ELSE
RETURN ‘优秀’;
END IF;
END;

##调用函数
select fn_getScore(‘2013110101’);

第三部分 自定义函数—循环语句
6.编写一个函数实现在某一个字符串后面循环拼接n个其它字符串，例如：
假设该函数名为fn_addStr(str1 varchar(20),str2 varchar(20),int)，则调用后
Selecet fn_addStr(‘Hello’,’World’,4)
显示：HelloWorldWorldWorldWorld

create function fun_addStr(str1 varchar(100),str2 varchar(10),num int) returns varchar(200)
begin
declare i int default 1;
declare result varchar(200) default ‘’;
set result=str1;
myloop:loop
set i=i+1;
set result=concat(result,str2);
if i>num
then
leave myloop;
end if;
end loop myloop;
return result;
end;

##调用函数
select fun_addStr(‘Hello’,‘World’,8);

10.触发器函数
SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;

use db_school;

DROP TRIGGER insert_score;

1.对tb_score表创建一个插入操作的触发器，当学生选完一门课向tb_score插入记录时，
先判断available是否不为零，如果不为0，
对应课程的available自动减一；如果为0，抛出一个错误表示该门课已不能选。
##cmd创口中执行

DELIMITER //
create trigger insert_score after insert on tb_score for each row
BEGIN
DECLARE num int;
DECLARE msg VARCHAR (255);
SET num = (select tb_course.available from tb_course where tb_course.courseNo = new.courseNo);
if num!=0 then
update tb_course
set available=up_limit- (select count(*) from tb_score where tb_score.courseNo=new.courseNo)
where tb_course.courseNo= new.courseNo;
else
signal sqlstate ‘45000’ set message_text=msg;
end if;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

##答案
select f.TRIGGER_NAME,f.TRIGGER_NAME,
f.EVENT_MANIPULATION,f.ACTION_TIMING
from information_schema.TRIGGERS f
where f.TRIGGER_SCHEMA =‘db_school’;
select * from tb_course a where a.courseNo =‘21004’;
select * from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110101’;
INSERT into tb_score values(‘2013110101’,‘21004’,90);
select * from tb_course a where a.courseNo =‘21004’;

2.对tb_score表创建一个删除操作的触发器，
当有学生退选，从tb_score中删除选课记录时，
对应课程的available自动加1。

DELIMITER //
create trigger delete_score after delete on tb_score for each row
BEGIN
update tb_course
set available=available+1
where tb_course.courseNo = OLD.courseNo;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

##答案输出
select * from tb_course a where a.courseNo =‘21004’;
select * from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110101’;
delete from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110101’
and b.courseNo=‘21004’;
select * from tb_course a where a.courseNo =‘21004’;
select * from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110101’;

3.编写一个存储过程，随机生成选课记录插入到tb_score表
注：mysql初始化不允许建存储过程
SET GLOBAL log_bin_trust_function_creators = 1;

DROP PROCEDURE insertcourse;

DELIMITER //
CREATE PROCEDURE pro_insert_course(IN sNo char(10))
BEGIN
declare studentno varchar(200);
select courseNo into studentno from tb_course f
where f.courseNo not in
(select d.courseNo from tb_score d
where d.studentNo =sNo)
ORDER BY RAND() LIMIT 0,1;
IF studentno IS NOT NULL then
insert into tb_score VALUES (sNo,studentno,90);
END IF;
END;
//
DELIMITER ;

##答案输出
SELECT q.routine_name,q.routine_type,routine_schema
FROM information_schema.routines q
WHERE q.routine_schema =‘db_school’
and q.routine_name =‘pro_insert_course’;
select * from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110103’;
CALL pro_insert_course(‘2013110103’);
select * from tb_score b
where b.studentNo =‘2013110103’;