新概念英语第二册(20)

New words and expressions】生词和短语 5) catch      v. 抓到

fisherman                   n. 钓鱼人,渔民

boot                             n.    靴子

waste                           n. 浪费

realize                          v. 意识到

catch        v. 抓到

① vt. 捉住,逮住,捕获

The police have caught the thief. Have you caught any fish today?

② vt. 抓住,握住

Can you catch the ball?

③ vt. 及时赶到,赶上

catch a bus          赶车

I want to catch the eight nineteen (train) to London.

④ catch 的一些固定用法

catch a cold        染上感冒

catch one's breath          摒住呼吸catch sight of = see                                     看见catch fire      着火

catch one's eyes           吸引某人注意力

boot           n. 靴 子

a pair of boots           一双靴子

waste           n. 浪费

① n. 浪费

a waste of…           浪费……

It is a waste of time/money/food/water.

② vt. 浪费

You are wasting time.

realize             v. 意识到

① v. 认识,知道,明白,意识到

I went into the wrong room without realizing it.          我无意中走错了房间。

I realized that I was wrong.

② v. 实现(希望、目标、愿望等)

realize one's dream           实现某人的梦想

She has realized her hope to be an actress.

③ 使变为事实,使发生(常用于被动语态)

This plan can never be realized.

Text

Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything -- not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. 'You must give up fishing!' my friends say. 'It's a waste of time.' But they don't realize one important thing. I'm not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!

参考译文

钓鱼是我特别喜爱的一项运动. 我经常一钓数小时却一无所获, 但我从不为此烦恼. 有些垂钓者就是不走运, 他们往往鱼钓不到, 却钓上来些旧靴子和垃圾. 我的运气甚至还不及他们. 我什么东西也未钓到过 -- 就连旧靴子也没有. 我总是在河上呆上整整一上午, 然后空着袋子回家. “你可别再钓鱼了!” 我的朋友们说, “这是浪费时间. “然而他们没有认识到重要的一点, 我并不是真的对钓鱼有兴趣, 我感兴趣的只是独坐孤舟, 无所事事!

【课文讲解】

1、Fishing is my favourite sport.

fishing 是一个动名词,由动词+ing 组成,动名词可以作主语或宾语,如 eating,reading 等等

fish

① n.  鱼(不可数名词),鱼的种类(可数)

There are a lot of fishes(表示种类)in the sea.

② v. 钓鱼, 捕鱼

2、I often fish for hours without catching anything. for+时间  表示一段时间

for hours=for some hours         数小时

without catching anything 作为状语而出现, 表示结果状语。without 是介词,后面一定要加宾语, 动名词catching 作 without 的宾语,without 后面的动作是主语来做的。动名词也有动词的特性,可以有自己的宾语。

without 通常表示“缺乏、没有”;当它位于动名词前时,表示“不曾、不”

I can’t repair the car without your help.

They tried to leave the restaurant without paying. He went out without saying any words.

3、But this does not worry me.

worry

① v. 烦恼,担扰

worry sb. 某人为……烦恼,担扰(作动词一定要加人作宾语, 翻译时从后往前翻,宾语担心)

The house worried me. / My daughter worried me.

① adj. 担心

be worried about             ……为……担心

I was never worried about this. = This does not worry me.

4、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish.

instead of…             我原准备做……但是后来做了……(instead of 后面的词一定是没有做的, 可以放在

主句后面)

I went to school instead of staying at home.         我没呆在家里而是去上学了

I bought books instead of buying dresses.

without 强调没有做某件事, instead of 强调这件事没做成而做成了另外一件事

副词 instead“作为替代,反而”,单独使用时一般出现在句尾

If you don’t want a holiday in England, why don’t you go to Australia instead?

5、I am even less lucky.

less 是 little 的比较级,意为“不及,不如,更少”

I spend less time on English than on French. less+原形

A is less…than B               A 不如B

6、After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. spend+时间+在某地                 在某地度过……时间

after +从句     在……之后

after +名词/动词的 ing 形式    ……之后(从句主语必须是主句的主语时两种形式可互换)

After I go to school, I learned a lot of knowledge. (用一般式表示一个事实, 不用 “went to” ) After going to school, I learned a lot of knowledge.

介词after 的宾语的动名词 having spent 所表示的动作发生在谓语动词 go 之前,所以动名词用完成形式。

with an empty bag 注意连读

with sth.           有……的,持有……的,随身带着……(状语) Who’s the man with the beard?

without sth.       没带……

I always go home without angthing. 什么都没带回家

7、'You must give up fishing!' my friends say.

give up doing sth. = stop doing sth.           放弃做某事

Give up smoking.

8、I'm not really interested in fishing.

be intersted in sth. / doing sth.            对……感兴趣

I’m interested in collecting stamps.

Key structures

 

动名词

动词+ing 作名词时称为动名词,它仍有动词的属性,可以接宾语,动名词可以代替名词做主语和宾语

或介词宾语。

1、动名词作主语

Watching television is my favourite pastime.           看电视是我最喜爱的业余爱好. 2、动名词作宾语

I am very keen on cycling.       我非常喜欢骑自行车. He is capable of doing anything.                         他能胜任任何事情.

3、利用介词/副词+动名词可以把两个句子连成一个句子apologize for (not) doing sth.                                    为什么事情而道歉

I must apologize. I interrupted you.             我得表示道歉. 我打断了你的说话(工作). I must apologize for interrupting you.

由于打断了你的说话(工作), 我得表示道歉. (for interrupting 强调 interrupt 这个动词)

I must apologize for having interrupted you.(for having interrupted 强调interrupt 这个动词先发生,强调时间 (having done))

以上两者为时间概念不同,意思相同

congratulate (sb.) on doing sth.            因……祝贺(某人)

He congratulated me. I won the competition.         他向我道贺. 我赢得了这次比赛.

He congratulated me on winning the competition.           在我赢得这次比赛之际, 他向我祝贺. He congratulated me on having won the competition.

thank you for listening/attending

动名词用表示完成时的  having+过去分词结构往往强调动名词的动词发生在前面。4、跟动名词的短语

be  keen  on  doing  sth.(热忠于……),be  fond  of,be  interested  in,enjoy  doing  sth.(喜欢做某事), congratulations on doing sth. (祝贺……)

be afraid of

be up to=be capable of (capable adj.有能力的, 能干的, 有可能的, 可以...的) 可以带动名词的介词有:before,after,without,instead of 等

I can’t watch TV without falling asleep.         我看电视时必定会睡着。

5、动名词的否定式是在它前面直接加 not。

Exercises C(用括号中的词来连接下列句子, 如需要可对原句进行必要的改动) 2.She bought a pair of boots. (instead of) She did not get a pair of shoes.

She bought a pair of boots instead of getting a pair of shoes.

=She bought a pair of boots instead of a pair of shoes.

4.(After) She heard the news. She fainted. after+从句; after prep.+doing

After hearing the news,she fainted.           (faint      vi.昏晕, 昏倒)

6.(On) I saw the plane coming towards me. I dashed for cover

on (prep.)+doing       一……就……(两个动作必须是同一个人)

On seeing the plane coming towards me, I dashed for cover.     冲进掩护体

as soon as           一……就……

the moment +从句       一……就…… 以上两个主语不一定是同一个人

Special Difficulties

Interested and Interesting. Excited and Exciting.

大多数现在分词和许多过去分词都可以作形容词用。以-ed 结尾的形容词常与人称主语连用,表示人的

情绪、状态、喜好等;以-ing 结尾的形容词则常与非人称主语连用,表明事物的某种特征、性质等。

Fishing is not interesting. I am not really interested in fishing.

钓鱼没意思. 我对钓鱼并不真正感兴趣.

The match was very exciting. The crowd got very excited.

比赛非常激动人心. 观众非常激动.

be interested in sth./doing sth.     对……感兴趣

I’m interested in collecting stamps.

It's and Its

it’s = it is

It's (= it is) cold today. It's raining too. 今天天气冷. 而且正在下雨. its      它的

This engine has lost its power. 这台发动机已失去了动力.

Realize and Understand

realize         vt. 意识到……

He didn't realize that he had made a mistake. 他没有意识到他犯了一个错误. understand                              vt. 明白……

I don't understand English. 我不懂英语.

Exercises(选择正确的词填空)

  1. There was some (excited) (exciting) news on the radio. exciting news

excited    adj. 感动的 ;exciting    adj. 令人激动的如果–ed,-ing 做形容词即作定语时,和被修饰词有关on the radio 在广播上

I got news on the radio/on TV/on the telephone/on the line(在线,在电话里).

  1. He is not an (interesting) (interested) person. an interesting person

interested           adj. 感兴趣的 ;interesting           adj. 有趣的

  1. He is an explorer. He leads an (excited) (exciting) life. an exciting life

explorer           n.探险家, 探测者, 探测器

lead a life           过着……日子

lead a happy life

He leads a poor life.

Multiple choice questions

2 The writer enjoys ___c___ .

a.catching fish                   b.fishing                    c.doing nothing                d.swimming in the river enjoying doing sth

I enjoy reading books. enjoy + n.

I enjoy books.

  1. His bag is empty. He has ___b___ .

a.a empty bag           b.an empty bag                         c.empty bag                      d.one empty bag an 指一个, 强调名词;one 一个, 强调 one,强调数量

I sent a letter. (强调信)

I wrote one word.     (强调一个字)

His bag is empty.    强调包是空的,而不是强调一个空包。

  1. I am only interested in doing nothing. That's ___c___ I'm interested in. a.only b.the one c.all d.the only

(that's/the) only 一般加名词

that+从句, 从句往往以特殊疑问词引导

that's why…;that's when…

that's all 那就是一切 (That’s all said.) That's all(I heard).

That's all I can remember. the one 指东西, 不指事情

11 He always goes ___d_ with an empty bag.

a.to home                  b.to house                 c.to the house                            d.home go home 习惯用法, 最佳答案

go to the house 语法正确

没有规则与语法相提并论时,语法为大;语法与习惯用法相提并论时,习惯用法为大。

Where are you going?         (更习惯这么说) Where are you going to?

你可能感兴趣的:(新概念英语,考研)