Windows安装ttyd（Web Terminal）

终端对于大家来说都不陌生，操作系统都会携带一个终端，就连日常我们使用IDEA也有Terminal。但是Web Terminal却又是以另一种姿态呈现在人们眼前，通过Web浏览器显示终端，方便又快捷。
由于工作需要在浏览器上显示终端便于输入命令，所以，在网上查找Web Terminal的资料，最后，找到以下的Web Terminal：

• ttyd - （https://github.com/tsl0922/ttyd）通过网络共享您的终端，基于C
  1.建立在 Libwebsockets 之上，带有libuv以提高速度
  2.基于Xterm.js的全功能终端，支持CJK和 IME
  3.图形ZMODEM集成与lrzsz支持
  4.基于OpenSSL的 SSL 支持
  5.使用选项运行任何自定义命令
  6.基本身份验证支持和许多其他自定义选项
  7.跨平台：macOS、Linux、FreeBSD/OpenBSD、OpenWrt、Windows
• gotty - （https://github.com/yudai/gotty）基于go编写的web终端
• wetty - （https://github.com/butlerx/wetty）通过 HTTP 和 https 的终端。WeTTY 是 ajaxterm 和 anyterm 的替代品，但比它们好得多，因为 WeTTY 使用 xterm.js，它是完全用 JavaScript 编写的终端仿真的完整实现。WeTTY 使用 websockets 而不是 Ajax，因此响应时间更好。
• Secure Shell (Chrome App) - （chrome商店）谷歌插件，提供SSH连接
• XTERM.JS - （https://xtermjs.org/）使用xterm.js的前端web终端组件
  经过比较最终选择了ttyd作为本次的web terminal，接下来就是演示如何在windows系统上安装ttyd。

下载ttyd

通过ttyd github链接打开ttyd的github页面，可以看到ttyd是跨平台的。在windows上安装，需要选择Install on Windows选项来到此页面，通过页面的介绍可以看到对于windows1809以上的版本可以使用ttyd-main主分支进行ttyd的安装，反之使用MSYS2+WINPTY（使用ttyd-1.5.2）。

由于我的windows系统版本高于1809，所以，使用了主分支安装，首先下载主分支代码到本地，并进行解压得到解压后的文件夹。

主分支和1.5.2是有点区别的，主分支有/scripts/mingw-build.sh脚本自动构造，只需要把msys2以及gcc，cmake等依赖安装成功就可以了，而1.5.2需要自己一步步去构造，一开始我是使用1.5.2版本去安装ttyd的，由于我对C陌生，所以构造ttyd所需的依赖时很容易出现找不到c库，导致我放弃了使用1.5.2版本，使用main分支构造ttyd。

安装MSYS2

1. MSYS2通过链接在MSYS2官网上下载x86_64的.exe安装包。
   
   按照MSYS2官网的步骤完整MSYS2和相应的依赖环境的安装，如果嫌弃网速慢或者下载不成功的可以配置一下国内源：

清华大学开源软件镜像
编辑 “msys2安装目录”/etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw32 ，在文件开头添加：
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/i686

编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.mingw64 ，在文件开头添加：
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/x86_64

编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.msys ，在文件开头添加：
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/msys/$arch

##以下两个我没有配置，个人喜欢可以都配置
编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.ucrt64 ，在文件开头添加：
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/ucrt64

编辑 /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.clang64 ，在文件开头添加：
Server = https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/msys2/mingw/clang64

安装成功你的菜单栏会有一下四个应用：

2. MSYS和MSYS2 MinGW x64的区别可以看https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/266448826，我就不做阐述了。
3. 进入MSYS2的安装目录，鼠标右击mingw64.exe选择以管理员身份运行，如果不以管理员身份运行此应用会导致后面安装ttyd.exe无法写入C:\Program Files (x86)目录，导致安装失败的问题。
首先运行命令安装ttyd构造所需要的环境:

pacman -Syu
pacman -S 'make' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-gcc' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-cmake' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-zlib' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-libuv' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-mbedtls' 'mingw64/mingw-w64-x86_64-json-c'

如果运行的是msys2.exe则需要执行以下命令，用于把mingw64的环境绑定到msys2中（没有的话会导致ttyd构建过程中找不到依赖）

export PATH=$PATH:/mingw64/bin/

安装ttyd

1. 依赖安装成功，进入ttyd-main目录，只需要进入到ttyd-main根目录就可以了，不要进入到./scripts/目录下运行./mingw-build.sh，这样会导致最后找不到CMakeLists.txt文件。
   运行mingw-build.sh脚本安装ttyd：

admin@DESKTOP-JC9JQ4R MINGW64 /d/projects/ttyd-main
# ./scripts/mingw-build.sh
/tmp/libwebsockets-4.3.2 /d/projects/ttyd-main
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.1.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/bin/cc.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Compiled with LWS_WITH_DIR and LWS_WITH_LEJP_CONF
SMD requires pthreads
-- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_inline
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_inline - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE___inline__
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE___inline__ - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE___inline
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE___inline - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MALLOC_TRIM - Failed
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MALLOC_USABLE_SIZE - Failed
-- Looking for fork
-- Looking for fork - not found
-- Looking for getenv
-- Looking for getenv - found
-- Looking for malloc
-- Looking for malloc - found
-- Looking for memset
-- Looking for memset - found
-- Looking for realloc
-- Looking for realloc - found
-- Looking for socket
-- Looking for socket - not found
-- Looking for strerror
-- Looking for strerror - found
-- Looking for vfork
-- Looking for vfork - not found
-- Looking for execvpe
-- Looking for execvpe - found
-- Looking for getifaddrs
-- Looking for getifaddrs - not found
-- Looking for snprintf
-- Looking for snprintf - found
-- Looking for _snprintf
-- Looking for _snprintf - found
-- Looking for _vsnprintf
-- Looking for _vsnprintf - found
-- Looking for getloadavg
-- Looking for getloadavg - not found
-- Looking for atoll
-- Looking for atoll - found
-- Looking for _atoi64
-- Looking for _atoi64 - found
-- Looking for _stat32i64
-- Looking for _stat32i64 - not found
-- Looking for clock_gettime
-- Looking for clock_gettime - found
-- Looking for localtime_r
-- Looking for localtime_r - not found
-- Looking for gmtime_r
-- Looking for gmtime_r - not found
-- Looking for ctime_r
-- Looking for ctime_r - not found
-- Looking for getgrgid_r
-- Looking for getgrgid_r - not found
-- Looking for getgrnam_r
-- Looking for getgrnam_r - not found
-- Looking for getpwuid_r
-- Looking for getpwuid_r - not found
-- Looking for getpwnam_r
-- Looking for getpwnam_r - not found
-- Looking for timegm
-- Looking for timegm - not found
-- Looking for in6addr.h
-- Looking for in6addr.h - found
-- Looking for memory.h
-- Looking for memory.h - found
-- Looking for netinet/in.h
-- Looking for netinet/in.h - not found
-- Looking for stdint.h
-- Looking for stdint.h - found
-- Looking for stdlib.h
-- Looking for stdlib.h - found
-- Looking for strings.h
-- Looking for strings.h - found
-- Looking for string.h
-- Looking for string.h - found
-- Looking for sys/prctl.h
-- Looking for sys/prctl.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/socket.h
-- Looking for sys/socket.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/sockio.h
-- Looking for sys/sockio.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/stat.h
-- Looking for sys/stat.h - found
-- Looking for sys/types.h
-- Looking for sys/types.h - found
-- Looking for unistd.h
-- Looking for unistd.h - found
-- Looking for vfork.h
-- Looking for vfork.h - not found
-- Looking for sys/capability.h
-- Looking for sys/capability.h - not found
-- Looking for malloc.h
-- Looking for malloc.h - found
-- Looking for pthread.h
-- Looking for pthread.h - found
-- Looking for inttypes.h
-- Looking for inttypes.h - found
-- Looking for sys/resource.h
-- Looking for sys/resource.h - not found
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_WIN32_AFUNIX_H
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_WIN32_AFUNIX_H - Success
-- Looking for cap_set_flag in cap
-- Looking for cap_set_flag in cap - not found
-- Looking for 3 include files stdlib.h, ..., string.h
-- Looking for 3 include files stdlib.h, ..., string.h - found
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_INTPTR_T
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_INTPTR_T - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_PTHREAD_SETNAME_NP
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_PTHREAD_SETNAME_NP - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_GETOPT_LONG
-- Performing Test LWS_HAS_GETOPT_LONG - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_RTA_PREF
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_RTA_PREF - Failed
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_SUSECONDS_T
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_SUSECONDS_T - Failed
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_VISIBILITY
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_VISIBILITY - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_IGNORED_QUALIFIERS - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_TYPE_LIMITS
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_TYPE_LIMITS - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_NO_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS
-- Performing Test LWS_GCC_HAS_NO_DEPRECATED_DECLARATIONS - Success
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_PIPE2
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_PIPE2 - Failed
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_TCP_USER_TIMEOUT
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_TCP_USER_TIMEOUT - Failed
-- Found MBEDTLS: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/include
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MBEDTLS_NET_SOCKETS
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MBEDTLS_NET_SOCKETS - Success
Compiling with SSL support
MBEDTLS include dir: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/include
MBEDTLS libraries: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libmbedtls.dll.a;D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libmbedx509.dll.a;D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libmbedcrypto.dll.a
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_set1_param
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_set1_param - not found
-- Looking for SSL_set_info_callback
-- Looking for SSL_set_info_callback - not found
-- Looking for X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host
-- Looking for X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host - not found
-- Looking for X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host
-- Looking for X509_VERIFY_PARAM_set1_host - not found
-- Looking for RSA_set0_key
-- Looking for RSA_set0_key - not found
-- Looking for X509_get_key_usage
-- Looking for X509_get_key_usage - not found
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key - not found
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_get0_certificate
-- Looking for SSL_CTX_get0_certificate - not found
-- Looking for SSL_get0_alpn_selected
-- Looking for SSL_get0_alpn_selected - not found
-- Looking for SSL_set_alpn_protos
-- Looking for SSL_set_alpn_protos - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_cfb8
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_cfb8 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_cfb128
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_cfb128 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_192_cfb8
-- Looking for EVP_aes_192_cfb8 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_192_cfb128
-- Looking for EVP_aes_192_cfb128 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_256_cfb8
-- Looking for EVP_aes_256_cfb8 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_256_cfb128
-- Looking for EVP_aes_256_cfb128 - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_xts
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_xts - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ofb
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ofb - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ecb
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ecb - not found
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ctr
-- Looking for EVP_aes_128_ctr - not found
-- Looking for RSA_verify_pss_mgf1
-- Looking for RSA_verify_pss_mgf1 - not found
-- Looking for HMAC_CTX_new
-- Looking for HMAC_CTX_new - not found
-- Looking for EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key
-- Looking for EVP_PKEY_new_raw_private_key - not found
-- Looking for SSL_SESSION_set_time
-- Looking for SSL_SESSION_set_time - not found
-- Looking for EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name
-- Looking for EC_KEY_new_by_curve_name - not found
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MBEDTLS_AUTH_KEY_ID
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_MBEDTLS_AUTH_KEY_ID - Failed
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_mbedtls_ssl_set_verify
-- Performing Test LWS_HAVE_mbedtls_ssl_set_verify - Success
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_get_alpn_protocol
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_get_alpn_protocol - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_conf_sni
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_conf_sni - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_ca_chain
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_ca_chain - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_own_cert
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_own_cert - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_authmode
-- Looking for mbedtls_ssl_set_hs_authmode - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_net_init
-- Looking for mbedtls_net_init - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file
-- Looking for mbedtls_x509_crt_parse_file - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_md_setup
-- Looking for mbedtls_md_setup - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_rsa_complete
-- Looking for mbedtls_rsa_complete - found
-- Looking for mbedtls_internal_aes_encrypt
-- Looking for mbedtls_internal_aes_encrypt - found
Searching for OpenSSL executable and dlls
 GENCERTS = 0
libuv include dir: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/include
libuv libraries: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libuv.dll.a
-- Looking for uv-version.h
-- Looking for uv-version.h - not found
-- Looking for uv/version.h
-- Looking for uv/version.h - found
DIR D:/projects/msys2/tmp/libwebsockets-4.3.2/build CMP D:/projects/msys2/tmp/libwebsockets-4.3.2/cmake
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/projects/msys2/tmp/libwebsockets-4.3.2/build
[  0%] Creating build include dir
[  0%] Built target GENHDR
Scanning dependencies of target websockets_shared
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Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "RELEASE"
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/abstract.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/protocols
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/protocols/smtp.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/protocols.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/transports
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/transports/raw-skt.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/transports/unit-test.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/abstract/transports.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-adopt.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-async-dns.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-bb-i2c.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-bb-spi.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-button.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-cache-ttl.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-callbacks.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-cgi.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-client.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-conmon.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-context-vhost.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-cose.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-dbus.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-diskcache.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-display.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-dll2.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-dsh.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-eventlib-exports.h
-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-fault-injection.h
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-- Up-to-date: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets/lws-x509.h
-- Installing: /mingw64/include/libwebsockets.h
-- Installing: /mingw64/include/lws_config.h
-- Installing: /mingw64/cmake/libwebsockets-config.cmake
-- Installing: /mingw64/cmake/libwebsockets-config-version.cmake
-- Installing: /mingw64/cmake/LwsCheckRequirements.cmake
-- Installing: /mingw64/cmake/LibwebsocketsTargets.cmake
-- Installing: /mingw64/cmake/LibwebsocketsTargets-release.cmake
-- Installing: /mingw64/lib/libwebsockets_static.a
-- Installing: /mingw64/lib/libwebsockets.dll.a
-- Installing: /mingw64/bin/libwebsockets.dll
-- Installing: /mingw64/lib/pkgconfig/libwebsockets.pc
-- Installing: /mingw64/lib/pkgconfig/libwebsockets_static.pc
/d/projects/ttyd-main
CMake Deprecation Warning at CMakeLists.txt:1 (cmake_minimum_required):
  Compatibility with CMake < 2.8.12 will be removed from a future version of
  CMake.

  Update the VERSION argument <min> value or use a ...<max> suffix to tell
  CMake that the project does not need compatibility with older versions.


-- The C compiler identification is GNU 12.1.0
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info
-- Detecting C compiler ABI info - done
-- Check for working C compiler: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/bin/cc.exe - skipped
-- Detecting C compile features
-- Detecting C compile features - done
-- Could NOT find Git (missing: GIT_EXECUTABLE)
-- Found LIBUV: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libuv.dll.a
-- Found JSON-C: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libjson-c.dll.a
-- Found ZLIB: D:/projects/msys2/mingw64/lib/libz.dll.a (found version "1.2.12")
-- Looking for LWS_WITH_LIBUV
-- Looking for LWS_WITH_LIBUV - found
-- Looking for LWS_OPENSSL_SUPPORT
-- Looking for LWS_OPENSSL_SUPPORT - found
-- Looking for LWS_WITH_MBEDTLS
-- Looking for LWS_WITH_MBEDTLS - found
-- Configuring done
-- Generating done
-- Build files have been written to: D:/projects/ttyd-main/build
[ 16%] Building C object CMakeFiles/ttyd.dir/src/utils.c.obj
[ 33%] Building C object CMakeFiles/ttyd.dir/src/pty.c.obj
[ 50%] Building C object CMakeFiles/ttyd.dir/src/protocol.c.obj
[ 66%] Building C object CMakeFiles/ttyd.dir/src/http.c.obj
[ 83%] Building C object CMakeFiles/ttyd.dir/src/server.c.obj
[100%] Linking C executable ttyd.exe
[100%] Built target ttyd
Install the project...
-- Install configuration: "RELEASE"
-- Installing: C:/Program Files (x86)/ttyd/bin/ttyd.exe
-- Installing: C:/Program Files (x86)/ttyd/share/man/man1/ttyd.1

如果不是管理员身份运行minggw64，会报这个错误：

如果不在ttyd-main根目录运行mingw-build.sh，会报这个错误：

2. 如果安装过程没有报错，那么你的ttyd-main目录下会生成一个build的文件夹，C:\Program Files (x86)下也会有一个ttyd的文件夹，此时安装ttyd已成功。
   此时可以打开windows的终端，进入到ttyd-main/build，运行

PS D:\projects\ttyd-main\build> ./ttyd bash
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4403] N: ttyd 1.6.3 (libwebsockets 4.3.2-unknown)
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4446] N: tty configuration:
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4466] N:   start command: bash
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4486] N:   close signal: SIGHUP (1)
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4506] N:   terminal type: xterm-256color
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4526] N: lws_create_context: LWS: 4.3.2-unknown, NET CLI SRV H1 H2 WS MbedTLS ConMon IPv6-absent
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4635] N: elops_init_pt_uv:  Using foreign event loop...
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4680] N: __lws_lc_tag:  ++ [wsi|0|pipe] (1)
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4770] N: __lws_lc_tag:  ++ [vh|0|default||7681] (1)
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4809] N: [vh|0|default||7681]: lws_socket_bind: source ads 0.0.0.0
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4839] N: __lws_lc_tag:  ++ [wsi|1|listen|default||7681] (2)
[2022/07/07 10:08:51:4879] N:  Listening on port: 7681

3. 可以在浏览器上输入https:localhost:7681打开ttyd了（ttyd的默认端口为7681）。
   
   ttyd的其他命令可自行到官网查阅。