【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计
文章目录
- 【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计
-
- 参考
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编辑|SQL和数据库技术(ID:SQLplusDB)
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【Oracle】设置FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计
FGA(Fine-Grained Audit)细粒度审计是Oracle提供的一种数据库审计方法，用于创建定制的审计设置。
可以通过调用Oracle的包DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY创建policy(审计策略)。
下面是一个简单的测试。
- 设置FGA审计策略
conn scott/tiger
BEGIN DBMS_FGA.ADD_POLICY(object_schema => 'SCOTT',
object_name => 'EMP',
policy_name => 'EMP_ENAME',
audit_column => 'ENAME',
enable => TRUE,
statement_types => 'DELETE,UPDATE,INSERT,SELECT',
audit_trail => DBMS_FGA.DB_EXTENDED,
audit_column_opts =>DBMS_FGA.ANY_COLUMNS);
END;
/
２．查看设置的审计策略
set pages 1000
set line 200
set trims on
col OBJECT_SCHEMA for a12
col OBJECT_NAME for a15
col POLICY_NAME for a30
col POLICY_COLUMN for a25
col AUDIT_TRAIL for a12
select OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME,ENABLED,SEL,INS,UPD,DEL,AUDIT_TRAIL,POLICY_COLUMN
from ALL_AUDIT_POLICIES
order by OBJECT_SCHEMA,OBJECT_NAME,POLICY_NAME;
- 重启数据库
conn / as sysdba
shutdown immediate
startup
4.执行 expdp导出数据（成功导出12条数据）
expdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log REUSE_DUMPFILES=Y TABLES=SCOTT.EMP
- 删除数据trunccate
conn scott/tiger
truncate table emp;
6.执行impdp导入数据（成功导入12条数据）
impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
SQL> host impdp scott/tiger directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
Import: Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期日 1月 21 09:41:07 2024
Version 19.3.0.0.0
Copyright (c) 1982, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
连接到: Oracle Database 19c Enterprise Edition Release 19.0.0.0.0 - Production
已成功加载/卸载了主表 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01"
启动 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01": scott/******** directory=DUMP_DIR DUMPFILE=emp.dmp LOGFILE=DUMP_DIR:emp.log TABLES=SCOTT.EMP CONTENT=DATA_ONLY
处理对象类型 TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . 导入了 "SCOTT"."EMP" 9.132 KB 12 行
作业 "SCOTT"."SYS_IMPORT_TABLE_01" 已于 星期日 1月 21 09:41:15 2024 elapsed 0 00:00:07 成功完成
7.确认FGA_LOG$的审计结果（FG审计log中输出import的操作记录）
conn sys/PW
set lin 2000
set pages 1000
col DB_USER format a10
col OS_USER format a10
col POLICY_NAME format a20
col SQL_TEXT format a100
select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT
from dba_fga_audit_trail
order by timestamp desc;
结果例：
SQL> select to_char(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDHH24MISS'),DB_USER,OS_USER,POLICY_NAME,SQL_TEXT
2 from dba_fga_audit_trail
3 order by timestamp desc;
TO_CHAR(TIMESTAMP,'YYYYMMDDH DB_USER OS_USER POLICY_NAME SQL_TEXT
---------------------------- ---------- ---------- -------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
20240121094115 SCOTT OracleServ EMP_ENAME INSERT /*+ APPEND PARALLEL("EMP",1)+*/ INTO RELATIONAL("SCOTT"."EMP" NOT XMLTYPE) ("EMPNO","ENAME","
iceORCL JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO")
SELECT "EMPNO","ENAME","JOB","MGR","HIREDATE","SAL","COMM","DEPTNO"
FROM "ET$01EF9D620001" KU$
8.测试结束，删除策略。
BEGIN
DBMS_FGA.DROP_POLICY(
object_schema => 'SCOTT',
object_name => 'EMP',
policy_name => 'EMP_ENAME');
END;
/
参考
32 Auditing Specific Activities with Fine-Grained Auditing
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/dbseg/auditing-specific-activities-fine-grained-auditing1.html#GUID-B706FF6F-13A6-4944-AFCB-29971F5076FD