一文梳理Windows下可执行文件扩展名有哪些
计算机木马通常以可执行文件的形式存在，在Windows系统下我们比较熟悉的可执行文件比如exe文件，那么还有哪些其他的可执行文件扩展名呢？本文带你了解一下五花八门的可执行文件扩展名，如果下载到带有这些后缀的可疑文件，请保持警惕！
1. 可执行文件定义
可执行文件（executable file）1在计算机科学上，指一种内容可被计算机解释为程序的计算机文件。通常可执行文件内，含有以二进制编码的微处理器指令，也因此可执行文件有时称为二进制文件。这些二进制微处理器指令的编码，于各种微处理器有所不同，故此可执行文件大多分为不同的微处理版本。
一个计算机文件是否为可执行文件，主要由操作系统决定。在不同的操作系统环境下，可执行程序的呈现方式不一样。例如根据特定的命名方法（如扩展名为exe）或文件的元数据信息（例如UNIX系统设置“可执行”权限）。
2. Windows默认的可执行扩展名
Windows中基本的可执行文件存储在一个名为PATHEXT的环境变量中2，在我的计算机的CMD中运行set PATHEXT命令，我得到了如下图所示的结果：
上面列出的是我的计算机中（Windows 10）默认的可执行扩展名。但Windows还可执行其他文件扩展名的可执行文件。
3. Windows下可执行文件的扩展名列表
具有以下这些扩展名的可执行文件3的执行一般不依赖于其他任何程序，只要安装了Windows操作系统的计算机都有能力执行这些文件。
| 序号 | 扩展名 | 格式含义 | 操作系统 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | BAT | Batch File | Windows |
| 2 | BIN | Binary Executable | Windows, macOS, Linux |
| 3 | CMD | Command Script | Windows |
| 4 | COM | Command File | Windows |
| 5 | CPL | Control Panel Extension | Windows |
| 6 | EXE | Executable | Windows |
| 7 | GADGET | Windows Gadget | Windows |
| 8 | INF | Setup Information File | Windows |
| 9 | INS | Internet Communication Settings | Windows |
| 10 | INX | InstallShield Compiled Script | Windows |
| 11 | ISU | InstallShield Uninstaller Script | Windows |
| 12 | JOB | Windows Task Scheduler Job File | Windows |
| 13 | JSE | JScript Encoded File | Windows |
| 14 | LNK | File Shortcut | Windows |
| 15 | MSC | Microsoft Common Console Document | Windows |
| 16 | MSI | Windows Installer Package | Windows |
| 17 | MSP | Windows Installer Patch | Windows |
| 18 | MST | Windows Installer Setup Transform File | Windows |
| 19 | PAF | Portable Application Installer File | Windows |
| 20 | PIF | Program Information File | Windows |
| 21 | PS1 | Windows PowerShell Cmdlet | Windows |
| 22 | REG | Registry Data File | Windows |
| 23 | RGS | Registry Script | Windows |
| 24 | SCR | Screensaver Executable | Windows |
| 25 | SCT | Windows Scriptlet | Windows |
| 26 | SHB | Windows Document Shortcut | Windows |
| 27 | SHS | Shell Scrap Object | Windows |
| 28 | U3P | U3 Smart Application | Windows |
| 29 | VB | VBScript File | Windows |
| 30 | VBE | VBScript Encoded Script | Windows |
| 31 | VBS | VBScript File | Windows |
| 32 | VBSCRIPT | Visual Basic Script | Windows |
| 33 | WS | Windows Script | Windows |
| 34 | WSF | Windows Script | Windows |
| 35 | WSH | Windows Script Preference | Windows |
4. 其他系统下可执行文件扩展名
在Windows系统外，还有macOS、Linux、Android、iOS等操作系统，在相应系统中具有以下扩展名的文件3也是可执行文件。
| 序号 | 扩展名 | 格式含义 | 操作系统 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ACTION | Automator Action | macOS |
| 2 | APK | Application | Android |
| 3 | APP | Executable | macOS |
| 4 | BIN | Binary Executable | Windows, macOS, Linux |
| 5 | COMMAND | Terminal Command | macOS |
| 6 | CSH | C Shell Script | macOS, Linux |
| 7 | IPA | Application | iOS |
| 8 | KSH | Unix Korn Shell Script | Linux |
| 9 | OSX | Executable | macOS |
| 10 | OUT | Executable | Linux |
| 11 | PRG | Executable | GEM |
| 12 | RUN | Executable | Linux |
| 13 | WORKFLOW | Automator Workflow | macOS |
5. 其他可执行文件扩展名
具有以下这些扩展名的文件3，只要安装了相应的软件，就可以执行。但如果没有安装相应的软件，请不用担心，它在这种情况不会执行~
| 序号 | 扩展名 | 格式含义 | 软件 |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 0XE | Renamed Virus File | F-Secure Internet Security |
| 2 | 73K | TI-73 Application | TI Connect |
| 3 | 89K | TI-89 Application | TI Connect |
| 4 | A6P | Authorware 6 Program File | Adobe Authorware |
| 5 | AC | GNU Autoconf Script | Autoconf |
| 6 | ACC | GEM Accessory File | Gemulator |
| 7 | ACR | ACRobot Script | ACRobot |
| 8 | ACTM | AutoCAD Action Macro | AutoCAD |
| 9 | AHK | AutoHotkey Script | AutoHotkey |
| 10 | AIR | Adobe AIR Installation Package | Adobe AIR |
| 11 | APP | FoxPro Application | Visual FoxPro |
| 12 | ARSCRIPT | ArtRage Script | ArtRage Studio |
| 13 | AS | Adobe Flash ActionScript File | Adobe Flash |
| 14 | ASB | Alphacam Stone VB Macro | Alphacam |
| 15 | AWK | AWK Script | AWK |
| 16 | AZW2 | Kindle Active Content App File | Kindle Collection Manager |
| 17 | BEAM | Compiled Erlang File | Erlang |
| 18 | BTM | 4DOS Batch File | 4DOS |
| 19 | CEL | Celestia Script | Celestia |
| 20 | CELX | Celestia Script | Celestia |
| 21 | CHM | Compiled HTML Help File | Firefox, IE, Safari |
| 22 | COF | MPLAB COFF File | MPLAB IDE |
| 23 | CRT | Security Certificate | Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari |
| 24 | DEK | Eavesdropper Batch File | Eavesdropper |
| 25 | DLD | EdLog Compiled Program | Edlog |
| 26 | DMC | Medical Manager Script | Sage Medical Manager |
| 27 | DOCM | Word Macro-Enabled Document | Microsoft Word |
| 28 | DOTM | Word Macro-Enabled Template | Microsoft Word |
| 29 | DXL | Rational DOORS Script | Rational DOORS |
| 30 | EAR | Java Enterprise Archive File | Apache Geronimo |
| 31 | EBM | EXTRA! Basic Macro | EXTRA! |
| 32 | EBS | E-Run 1.x Script | E-Prime (v1) |
| 33 | EBS2 | E-Run 2.0 Script | E-Prime (v2) |
| 34 | ECF | SageCRM Component File | SageCRM |
| 35 | EHAM | ExtraHAM Executable | HAM Programmer Toolkit |
| 36 | ELF | Nintendo Wii Game File | Dolphin Emulator |
| 37 | ES | SageCRM Script | SageCRM |
| 38 | EX4 | MetaTrader Program File | MetaTrader |
| 39 | EXOPC | ExoPC Application | EXOfactory |
| 40 | EZS | EZ-R Stats Batch Script | EZ-R Stats |
| 41 | FAS | Compiled Fast-Load AutoLISP File | AutoCAD |
| 42 | FKY | FoxPro Macro | Visual FoxPro |
| 43 | FPI | FPS Creator Intelligence Script | FPS Creator |
| 44 | FRS | Flash Renamer Script | Flash Renamer |
| 45 | FXP | FoxPro Compiled Program | Visual FoxPro |
| 46 | GS | Geosoft Script | Oasis Montaj |
| 47 | HAM | HAM Executable | Ham Runtime |
| 48 | HMS | HostMonitor Script | HostMonitor |
| 49 | HPF | HP9100A Program File | HP9100A Emulator |
| 50 | HTA | HTML Application | Internet Explorer |
| 51 | IIM | iMacro Macro | iMacros (Firefox Add-on) |
| 52 | IPF | SMS Installer Script | Microsoft SMS |
| 53 | ISP | Internet Communication Settings | Microsoft IIS |
| 54 | JAR | Java Archive | Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari |
| 55 | JS | JScript Executable Script | Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari |
| 56 | JSX | ExtendScript Script | Adobe ExtendScript Toolkit |
| 57 | KIX | KiXtart Script | KiXtart |
| 58 | LO | Interleaf Compiled Lisp File | QuickSilver |
| 59 | LS | LightWave LScript File | LightWave |
| 60 | MAM | Access Macro-Enabled Workbook | Microsoft Access |
| 61 | MCR | 3ds Max Macroscript or Tecplot Macro | 3ds Max |
| 62 | MEL | Maya Embedded Language File | Maya 2013 |
| 63 | MPX | FoxPro Compiled Menu Program | Visual FoxPro |
| 64 | MRC | mIRC Script | mIRC |
| 65 | MS | 3ds Max Script | 3ds Max |
| 66 | MS | Maxwell Script | Maxwell Render |
| 67 | MXE | Macro Express Playable Macro | Macro Express |
| 68 | NEXE | Chrome Native Client Executable | Chrome |
| 69 | OBS | ObjectScript Script | ObjectScript |
| 70 | ORE | Ore Executable | Ore Runtime Environment |
| 71 | OTM | Outlook Macro | Microsoft Outlook |
| 72 | PEX | ProBoard Executable | ProBoard BBS |
| 73 | PLX | Perl Executable | ActivePerl or Microsoft IIS |
| 74 | POTM | PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Design Template | Microsoft PowerPoint |
| 75 | PPAM | PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Add-in | Microsoft PowerPoint |
| 76 | PPSM | PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Slide Show | Microsoft PowerPoint |
| 77 | PPTM | PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Presentation | Microsoft PowerPoint |
| 78 | PRC | Palm Resource Code File | Palm Desktop |
| 79 | PVD | Instalit Script | Instalit |
| 80 | PWC | PictureTaker File | PictureTaker |
| 81 | PYC | Python Compiled File | Python |
| 82 | PYO | Python Optimized Code | Python |
| 83 | QPX | FoxPro Compiled Query Program | Visual FoxPro |
| 84 | RBX | Rembo-C Compiled Script | Rembo Toolkit |
| 85 | ROX | Actuate Report Object Executable | eReport |
| 86 | RPJ | Real Pac Batch Job File | Real Pac |
| 87 | S2A | SEAL2 Application | SEAL |
| 88 | SBS | SPSS Script | SPSS |
| 89 | SCA | Scala Script | Scala Designer |
| 90 | SCAR | SCAR Script | SCAR |
| 91 | SCB | Scala Published Script | Scala Designer |
| 92 | SCRIPT | Generic Script | 任何创建脚本的软件 |
| 93 | SMM | Ami Pro Macro | Ami Pro |
| 94 | SPR | FoxPro Generated Screen File | Visual FoxPro |
| 95 | TCP | Tally Compiled Program | Tally Developer |
| 96 | THM | Thermwood Macro | Mastercam |
| 97 | TLB | OLE Type Library | Microsoft Excel |
| 98 | TMS | Telemate Script | Telemate |
| 99 | UDF | Excel User Defined Function | Microsoft Excel |
| 100 | UPX | Ultimate Packer for eXecutables File | Ultimate Packer for eXecutables |
| 101 | URL | Internet Shortcut | Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari |
| 102 | VLX | Compiled AutoLISP File | AutoCAD |
| 103 | VPM | Vox Proxy Macro | Vox Proxy |
| 104 | WCM | WordPerfect Macro | WordPerfect |
| 105 | WIDGET | Yahoo! Widget | Yahoo! Widgets |
| 106 | WIZ | Microsoft Wizard File | Microsoft Word |
| 107 | WPK | WordPerfect Macro | WordPerfect |
| 108 | WPM | WordPerfect Macro | WordPerfect |
| 109 | XAP | Silverlight Application Package | Micrsoft Silverlight |
| 110 | XBAP | XAML Browser Application | Firefox, IE |
| 111 | XLAM | Excel Macro-Enabled Add-In | Microsoft Excel |
| 112 | XLM | Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook | Microsoft Excel |
| 113 | XLSM | Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook | Microsoft Excel |
| 114 | XLTM | Excel Macro-Enabled Template | Microsoft Excel |
| 115 | XQT | SuperCalc Macro | CA SuperCalc |
| 116 | XYS | XYplorer Script | XYplorer |
| 117 | ZL9 | Renamed Virus File | ZoneAlarm |
请注意：上述信息参考如下链接总结归纳，无法覆盖所有的可执行文件扩展名。
可执行文件 - 维基百科. ↩︎
https://superuser.com/questions/228680/on-windows-what-filename-extensions-denote-an-executable/228693 ↩︎
Tim Fisher. List of Executable File Extensions. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎