一文梳理Windows下可执行文件扩展名有哪些

计算机木马通常以可执行文件的形式存在，在Windows系统下我们比较熟悉的可执行文件比如exe文件，那么还有哪些其他的可执行文件扩展名呢？本文带你了解一下五花八门的可执行文件扩展名，如果下载到带有这些后缀的可疑文件，请保持警惕！

1. 可执行文件定义

可执行文件（executable file）¹在计算机科学上，指一种内容可被计算机解释为程序的计算机文件。通常可执行文件内，含有以二进制编码的微处理器指令，也因此可执行文件有时称为二进制文件。这些二进制微处理器指令的编码，于各种微处理器有所不同，故此可执行文件大多分为不同的微处理版本。

一个计算机文件是否为可执行文件，主要由操作系统决定。在不同的操作系统环境下，可执行程序的呈现方式不一样。例如根据特定的命名方法（如扩展名为exe）或文件的元数据信息（例如UNIX系统设置“可执行”权限）。

2. Windows默认的可执行扩展名

Windows中基本的可执行文件存储在一个名为PATHEXT的环境变量中²，在我的计算机的CMD中运行set PATHEXT命令，我得到了如下图所示的结果：

上面列出的是我的计算机中（Windows 10）默认的可执行扩展名。但Windows还可执行其他文件扩展名的可执行文件。

3. Windows下可执行文件的扩展名列表

具有以下这些扩展名的可执行文件³的执行一般不依赖于其他任何程序，只要安装了Windows操作系统的计算机都有能力执行这些文件。

序号	扩展名	格式含义	操作系统
1	BAT	Batch File	Windows
2	BIN	Binary Executable	Windows, macOS, Linux
3	CMD	Command Script	Windows
4	COM	Command File	Windows
5	CPL	Control Panel Extension	Windows
6	EXE	Executable	Windows
7	GADGET	Windows Gadget	Windows
8	INF	Setup Information File	Windows
9	INS	Internet Communication Settings	Windows
10	INX	InstallShield Compiled Script	Windows
11	ISU	InstallShield Uninstaller Script	Windows
12	JOB	Windows Task Scheduler Job File	Windows
13	JSE	JScript Encoded File	Windows
14	LNK	File Shortcut	Windows
15	MSC	Microsoft Common Console Document	Windows
16	MSI	Windows Installer Package	Windows
17	MSP	Windows Installer Patch	Windows
18	MST	Windows Installer Setup Transform File	Windows
19	PAF	Portable Application Installer File	Windows
20	PIF	Program Information File	Windows
21	PS1	Windows PowerShell Cmdlet	Windows
22	REG	Registry Data File	Windows
23	RGS	Registry Script	Windows
24	SCR	Screensaver Executable	Windows
25	SCT	Windows Scriptlet	Windows
26	SHB	Windows Document Shortcut	Windows
27	SHS	Shell Scrap Object	Windows
28	U3P	U3 Smart Application	Windows
29	VB	VBScript File	Windows
30	VBE	VBScript Encoded Script	Windows
31	VBS	VBScript File	Windows
32	VBSCRIPT	Visual Basic Script	Windows
33	WS	Windows Script	Windows
34	WSF	Windows Script	Windows
35	WSH	Windows Script Preference	Windows

4. 其他系统下可执行文件扩展名

在Windows系统外，还有macOS、Linux、Android、iOS等操作系统，在相应系统中具有以下扩展名的文件³也是可执行文件。

序号	扩展名	格式含义	操作系统
1	ACTION	Automator Action	macOS
2	APK	Application	Android
3	APP	Executable	macOS
4	BIN	Binary Executable	Windows, macOS, Linux
5	COMMAND	Terminal Command	macOS
6	CSH	C Shell Script	macOS, Linux
7	IPA	Application	iOS
8	KSH	Unix Korn Shell Script	Linux
9	OSX	Executable	macOS
10	OUT	Executable	Linux
11	PRG	Executable	GEM
12	RUN	Executable	Linux
13	WORKFLOW	Automator Workflow	macOS

5. 其他可执行文件扩展名

具有以下这些扩展名的文件³，只要安装了相应的软件，就可以执行。但如果没有安装相应的软件，请不用担心，它在这种情况不会执行~

序号	扩展名	格式含义	软件
1	0XE	Renamed Virus File	F-Secure Internet Security
2	73K	TI-73 Application	TI Connect
3	89K	TI-89 Application	TI Connect
4	A6P	Authorware 6 Program File	Adobe Authorware
5	AC	GNU Autoconf Script	Autoconf
6	ACC	GEM Accessory File	Gemulator
7	ACR	ACRobot Script	ACRobot
8	ACTM	AutoCAD Action Macro	AutoCAD
9	AHK	AutoHotkey Script	AutoHotkey
10	AIR	Adobe AIR Installation Package	Adobe AIR
11	APP	FoxPro Application	Visual FoxPro
12	ARSCRIPT	ArtRage Script	ArtRage Studio
13	AS	Adobe Flash ActionScript File	Adobe Flash
14	ASB	Alphacam Stone VB Macro	Alphacam
15	AWK	AWK Script	AWK
16	AZW2	Kindle Active Content App File	Kindle Collection Manager
17	BEAM	Compiled Erlang File	Erlang
18	BTM	4DOS Batch File	4DOS
19	CEL	Celestia Script	Celestia
20	CELX	Celestia Script	Celestia
21	CHM	Compiled HTML Help File	Firefox, IE, Safari
22	COF	MPLAB COFF File	MPLAB IDE
23	CRT	Security Certificate	Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari
24	DEK	Eavesdropper Batch File	Eavesdropper
25	DLD	EdLog Compiled Program	Edlog
26	DMC	Medical Manager Script	Sage Medical Manager
27	DOCM	Word Macro-Enabled Document	Microsoft Word
28	DOTM	Word Macro-Enabled Template	Microsoft Word
29	DXL	Rational DOORS Script	Rational DOORS
30	EAR	Java Enterprise Archive File	Apache Geronimo
31	EBM	EXTRA! Basic Macro	EXTRA!
32	EBS	E-Run 1.x Script	E-Prime (v1)
33	EBS2	E-Run 2.0 Script	E-Prime (v2)
34	ECF	SageCRM Component File	SageCRM
35	EHAM	ExtraHAM Executable	HAM Programmer Toolkit
36	ELF	Nintendo Wii Game File	Dolphin Emulator
37	ES	SageCRM Script	SageCRM
38	EX4	MetaTrader Program File	MetaTrader
39	EXOPC	ExoPC Application	EXOfactory
40	EZS	EZ-R Stats Batch Script	EZ-R Stats
41	FAS	Compiled Fast-Load AutoLISP File	AutoCAD
42	FKY	FoxPro Macro	Visual FoxPro
43	FPI	FPS Creator Intelligence Script	FPS Creator
44	FRS	Flash Renamer Script	Flash Renamer
45	FXP	FoxPro Compiled Program	Visual FoxPro
46	GS	Geosoft Script	Oasis Montaj
47	HAM	HAM Executable	Ham Runtime
48	HMS	HostMonitor Script	HostMonitor
49	HPF	HP9100A Program File	HP9100A Emulator
50	HTA	HTML Application	Internet Explorer
51	IIM	iMacro Macro	iMacros (Firefox Add-on)
52	IPF	SMS Installer Script	Microsoft SMS
53	ISP	Internet Communication Settings	Microsoft IIS
54	JAR	Java Archive	Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari
55	JS	JScript Executable Script	Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari
56	JSX	ExtendScript Script	Adobe ExtendScript Toolkit
57	KIX	KiXtart Script	KiXtart
58	LO	Interleaf Compiled Lisp File	QuickSilver
59	LS	LightWave LScript File	LightWave
60	MAM	Access Macro-Enabled Workbook	Microsoft Access
61	MCR	3ds Max Macroscript or Tecplot Macro	3ds Max
62	MEL	Maya Embedded Language File	Maya 2013
63	MPX	FoxPro Compiled Menu Program	Visual FoxPro
64	MRC	mIRC Script	mIRC
65	MS	3ds Max Script	3ds Max
66	MS	Maxwell Script	Maxwell Render
67	MXE	Macro Express Playable Macro	Macro Express
68	NEXE	Chrome Native Client Executable	Chrome
69	OBS	ObjectScript Script	ObjectScript
70	ORE	Ore Executable	Ore Runtime Environment
71	OTM	Outlook Macro	Microsoft Outlook
72	PEX	ProBoard Executable	ProBoard BBS
73	PLX	Perl Executable	ActivePerl or Microsoft IIS
74	POTM	PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Design Template	Microsoft PowerPoint
75	PPAM	PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Add-in	Microsoft PowerPoint
76	PPSM	PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Slide Show	Microsoft PowerPoint
77	PPTM	PowerPoint Macro-Enabled Presentation	Microsoft PowerPoint
78	PRC	Palm Resource Code File	Palm Desktop
79	PVD	Instalit Script	Instalit
80	PWC	PictureTaker File	PictureTaker
81	PYC	Python Compiled File	Python
82	PYO	Python Optimized Code	Python
83	QPX	FoxPro Compiled Query Program	Visual FoxPro
84	RBX	Rembo-C Compiled Script	Rembo Toolkit
85	ROX	Actuate Report Object Executable	eReport
86	RPJ	Real Pac Batch Job File	Real Pac
87	S2A	SEAL2 Application	SEAL
88	SBS	SPSS Script	SPSS
89	SCA	Scala Script	Scala Designer
90	SCAR	SCAR Script	SCAR
91	SCB	Scala Published Script	Scala Designer
92	SCRIPT	Generic Script	任何创建脚本的软件
93	SMM	Ami Pro Macro	Ami Pro
94	SPR	FoxPro Generated Screen File	Visual FoxPro
95	TCP	Tally Compiled Program	Tally Developer
96	THM	Thermwood Macro	Mastercam
97	TLB	OLE Type Library	Microsoft Excel
98	TMS	Telemate Script	Telemate
99	UDF	Excel User Defined Function	Microsoft Excel
100	UPX	Ultimate Packer for eXecutables File	Ultimate Packer for eXecutables
101	URL	Internet Shortcut	Firefox, IE, Chrome, Safari
102	VLX	Compiled AutoLISP File	AutoCAD
103	VPM	Vox Proxy Macro	Vox Proxy
104	WCM	WordPerfect Macro	WordPerfect
105	WIDGET	Yahoo! Widget	Yahoo! Widgets
106	WIZ	Microsoft Wizard File	Microsoft Word
107	WPK	WordPerfect Macro	WordPerfect
108	WPM	WordPerfect Macro	WordPerfect
109	XAP	Silverlight Application Package	Micrsoft Silverlight
110	XBAP	XAML Browser Application	Firefox, IE
111	XLAM	Excel Macro-Enabled Add-In	Microsoft Excel
112	XLM	Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook	Microsoft Excel
113	XLSM	Excel Macro-Enabled Workbook	Microsoft Excel
114	XLTM	Excel Macro-Enabled Template	Microsoft Excel
115	XQT	SuperCalc Macro	CA SuperCalc
116	XYS	XYplorer Script	XYplorer
117	ZL9	Renamed Virus File	ZoneAlarm

请注意：上述信息参考如下链接总结归纳，无法覆盖所有的可执行文件扩展名。

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1. 可执行文件 - 维基百科. ↩︎

2. https://superuser.com/questions/228680/on-windows-what-filename-extensions-denote-an-executable/228693 ↩︎

3. Tim Fisher. List of Executable File Extensions. ↩︎ ↩︎ ↩︎