SpringBoot整合Spring Security、jwt、mybatis前后端分离

1 前言

Spring Security是一个功能强大且高度可定制的身份验证和访问控制框架。提供了完善的认证机制和方法级的授权功能。是一款非常优秀的权限管理框架。它的核心是一组过滤器链，不同的功能经由不同的过滤器。这篇文章就是想通过一个小案例将Spring Security整合到SpringBoot中去。要实现的功能就是在认证服务器上登录，然后获取Token，再访问资源服务器中的资源。

2 基本概念

2.1 单点登录

什么叫做单点登录呢。就是在一个多应用系统中，只要在其中一个系统上登录之后，不需要在其它系统上登录也可以访问其内容。举个例子，京东那么复杂的系统肯定不会是单体结构，必然是微服务架构，比如订单功能是一个系统，交易是一个系统…那么我在下订单的时候登录了，付钱难道还需要再登录一次吗，如果是这样，用户体验也太差了吧。实现的流程就是我在下单的时候系统发现我没登录就让我登录，登录完了之后系统返回给我一个Token，就类似于身份证的东西；然后我想去付钱的时候就把Token再传到交易系统中，然后交易系统验证一下Token就知道是谁了，就不需要再让我登录一次。

2.2 JWT

上面提到的Token就是JWT(JSON Web Token)，是一种用于通信双方之间传递安全信息的简洁的、URL安全的表述性声明规范。一个JWT实际上就是一个字符串，它由三部分组成，头部、载荷与签名。为了能够直观的看到JWT的结构，我画了一张思维导图：

最终生成的JWT令牌就是下面这样，有三部分，用 . 分隔。

base64UrlEncode(JWT 头)+“.”+base64UrlEncode(载荷)+“.”+HMACSHA256(base64UrlEncode(JWT 头) + “.” + base64UrlEncode(有效载荷),密钥)

eyJhbGciOiJIUzI1NiIsInR5cCI6IkpXVCJ9.eyJzdWIiOiIxMjM0NTY3ODkwIiwibmFtZSI6IkpvaG4gRG9lIiwiYWRtaW4iOnRydWV9.TJVA95OrM7E2cBab30RMHrHDcEfxjoYZgeFONFh7HgQ

2.3 RSA

从上面的例子中可以看出，JWT在加密解密的时候都用到了同一个密钥 “ robod666 ”，这将会带来一个弊端，如果被黑客知道了密钥的内容，那么他就可以去伪造Token了。所以为了安全，我们可以使用非对称加密算法RSA。
RSA的基本原理有两点：

私钥加密，持有私钥或公钥才可以解密
公钥加密，持有私钥才可解密

3 sql

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for sys_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_role`  (
  `ID` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '编号',
  `ROLE_NAME` varchar(30) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色名称',
  `ROLE_DESC` varchar(60) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NULL DEFAULT NULL COMMENT '角色描述',
  PRIMARY KEY (`ID`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 6 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of sys_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES (1, 'ROLE_USER', '基本角色');
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES (2, 'ROLE_ADMIN', '超级管理员');
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES (3, 'ROLE_PRODUCT', '管理产品');
INSERT INTO `sys_role` VALUES (4, 'ROLE_ORDER', '管理订单');

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for sys_user
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user`  (
  `id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
  `username` varchar(32) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '用户名称',
  `password` varchar(120) CHARACTER SET utf8 COLLATE utf8_general_ci NOT NULL COMMENT '密码',
  `status` int(1) NULL DEFAULT 1 COMMENT '1开启0关闭',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`) USING BTREE
) ENGINE = InnoDB AUTO_INCREMENT = 4 CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of sys_user
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES (1, 'xiaoming', '$2a$10$CYX9OMv0yO8wR8rE19N2fOaXDJondci5uR68k2eQJm50q8ESsDMlC', 1);
INSERT INTO `sys_user` VALUES (2, 'xiaoma', '$2a$10$CYX9OMv0yO8wR8rE19N2fOaXDJondci5uR68k2eQJm50q8ESsDMlC', 1);

-- ----------------------------
-- Table structure for sys_user_role
-- ----------------------------
DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `sys_user_role`;
CREATE TABLE `sys_user_role`  (
  `UID` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '用户编号',
  `RID` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '角色编号',
  PRIMARY KEY (`UID`, `RID`) USING BTREE,
  INDEX `FK_Reference_10`(`RID`) USING BTREE,
  CONSTRAINT `FK_Reference_10` FOREIGN KEY (`RID`) REFERENCES `sys_role` (`ID`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT,
  CONSTRAINT `FK_Reference_9` FOREIGN KEY (`UID`) REFERENCES `sys_user` (`id`) ON DELETE RESTRICT ON UPDATE RESTRICT
) ENGINE = InnoDB CHARACTER SET = utf8 COLLATE = utf8_general_ci ROW_FORMAT = Compact;

-- ----------------------------
-- Records of sys_user_role
-- ----------------------------
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES (1, 1);
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES (2, 1);
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES (1, 3);
INSERT INTO `sys_user_role` VALUES (2, 4);

SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS = 1;

4 认证服务器

4.1 application.yml

server:
  port: 30003
spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/security3?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=GMT%2B8&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
    username: root
    password: root
  thymeleaf:
    cache: false
    check-template: true
    check-template-location: true
    servlet:
      content-type: text/html
    enabled: true
    encoding: UTF-8
    excluded-view-names:
    mode: HTML
    prefix: classpath:/templates/
    suffix: .html
  mvc:
    static-path-pattern: /static/**
  web:
    resources:
      static-locations: classpath:/static
mybatis:
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true
    log-impl: org.apache.ibatis.logging.stdout.StdOutImpl
  mapper-locations: classpath:mapper/*.xml
  type-aliases-package: org.example.security.model
logging:
  level:
    org:
      springframework:
        security: debug
rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyPath: D:\temp\id_key_rsa.pub
    priKeyPath: D:\temp\id_key_rsa

RsaKeyProperties

@Data
@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")     //指定配置文件的key
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyPath;

    private String priKeyPath;

    private PublicKey publicKey;
    private PrivateKey privateKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createKey() throws Exception {
        this.publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyPath);
        this.privateKey = RsaUtils.getPrivateKey(priKeyPath);
    }
}

WebSecurityConfig

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity      //加了这个注解才能写SpringSecurity相关的配置
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private final UserService userService;

    private final RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties;

    public WebSecurityConfig(UserService userService, RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties) {
        this.userService = userService;
        this.rsaKeyProperties = rsaKeyProperties;
    }

    @Bean
    public BCryptPasswordEncoder passwordEncoder() {
        return new BCryptPasswordEncoder();
    }

    /**
     * 认证用户的来源
     *
     * @param auth
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    protected void configure(AuthenticationManagerBuilder auth) throws Exception {
        //数据库中
        auth.userDetailsService(userService).passwordEncoder(passwordEncoder());
    }

    /**
     * 配置SpringSecurity相关信息
     *
     * @param http
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()  //关闭csrf
                .addFilter(new JwtLoginFilter(super.authenticationManager(),rsaKeyProperties))
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);    //禁用session
    }

}

@Data
public class Payload {
    private String id;
    private T userInfo;
    private Date expiration;
}

JwtLoginFilter

public class JwtLoginFilter extends UsernamePasswordAuthenticationFilter {

    private AuthenticationManager authenticationManager;
    private RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties;

    public JwtLoginFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties) {
        this.authenticationManager = authenticationManager;
        this.rsaKeyProperties = rsaKeyProperties;
    }

    /**
     * 这个方法是用来去尝试验证用户的，父类中是从POST请求的form表单中获取，但是这里不是，所以需要重写
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @return
     * @throws AuthenticationException
     */
    @Override
    public Authentication attemptAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws AuthenticationException {
        try {
            SysUser user = JSONObject.parseObject(request.getInputStream(),SysUser.class);
            return authenticationManager.authenticate(
                    new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken(
                           user.getUsername(),
                           user.getPassword())
            );
        } catch (Exception e) {
            try {
                response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
                response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
                Map map = new HashMap<>();
                map.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_UNAUTHORIZED);
                map.put("message", "账号或密码错误！");
                out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map));
                out.flush();
                out.close();
            } catch (Exception e1) {
                e1.printStackTrace();
            }
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 成功之后执行的方法，父类中是放入session，不符合我们的要求，所以重写
     * @param request
     * @param response
     * @param chain
     * @param authResult
     * @throws IOException
     * @throws ServletException
     */
    @Override
    public void successfulAuthentication(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain, Authentication authResult) throws IOException, ServletException {
        SysUser sysUser = new SysUser();
        sysUser.setUsername(authResult.getName());
        sysUser.setRoles((List) authResult.getAuthorities());
        String token = JwtUtils.generateTokenExpireInMinutes(sysUser,rsaKeyProperties.getPrivateKey(),24*60);
        response.addHeader("Authorization", "RobodToken " + token);
        try {
            //登录成功时，返回json格式进行提示
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map map = new HashMap(4);
            map.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
            map.put("message", "登陆成功！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
        } catch (Exception e1) {
            e1.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

public interface UserService extends UserDetailsService {
}

@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    private final UserMapper userMapper;

    public UserServiceImpl(UserMapper userMapper) {
        this.userMapper = userMapper;
    }

    @Override
    public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
        SysUser sysUser = userMapper.findByUsername(username);
        return sysUser;
    }

}

@SpringBootApplication
@MapperScan("com.example.security3.mapper")
@EnableConfigurationProperties(RsaKeyProperties.class)  //将配置类放入Spring容器中
public class Security3Application {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Security3Application.class,args);
    }
}

5 资源服务器

server:
  port: 30004

spring:
  datasource:
    driver-class-name: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
    url: jdbc:mysql:///security3?useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=UTF-8&serverTimezone=UTC
    username: root
    password: root

mybatis:
  type-aliases-package: com.example.resource.entity
  configuration:
    map-underscore-to-camel-case: true

logging:
  level:
    com: debug

rsa:
  key:
    pubKeyPath: D:\temp\id_key_rsa.pub

public class JwtVerifyFilter extends BasicAuthenticationFilter {

    private RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties;

    public JwtVerifyFilter(AuthenticationManager authenticationManager, RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties) {
        super(authenticationManager);
        this.rsaKeyProperties = rsaKeyProperties;
    }

    @Override
    protected void doFilterInternal(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response, FilterChain chain)
            throws IOException, ServletException {
        String header = request.getHeader("Authorization");

        //没有登录
        if (header == null || !header.startsWith("RobodToken ")) {
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
            response.setContentType("application/json;charset=utf-8");
            response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
            Map map = new HashMap(4);
            map.put("code", HttpServletResponse.SC_FORBIDDEN);
            map.put("message", "请登录！");
            out.write(new ObjectMapper().writeValueAsString(map));
            out.flush();
            out.close();
            return;
        }
        //登录之后从token中获取用户信息
        String token = header.replace("RobodToken ","");
        SysUser sysUser = JwtUtils.getInfoFromToken(token, rsaKeyProperties.getPublicKey(), SysUser.class).getUserInfo();
        if (sysUser != null) {
            Authentication authResult = new UsernamePasswordAuthenticationToken
                    (sysUser.getUsername(),null,sysUser.getAuthorities());
            SecurityContextHolder.getContext().setAuthentication(authResult);
            chain.doFilter(request, response);
        }
    }
}

@Data
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties("rsa.key")     //指定配置文件的key
public class RsaKeyProperties {

    private String pubKeyPath;

    private PublicKey publicKey;

    @PostConstruct
    public void createKey() throws Exception {
        this.publicKey = RsaUtils.getPublicKey(pubKeyPath);
    }
}

@Configuration
@EnableWebSecurity      //加了这个注解才能写SpringSecurity相关的配置
@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true)  //开启权限控制的注解支持,securedEnabled表示SpringSecurity内部的权限控制注解开关
public class WebSecurityConfig extends WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter {

    private final RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties;

    public WebSecurityConfig(RsaKeyProperties rsaKeyProperties) {
        this.rsaKeyProperties = rsaKeyProperties;
    }

    /**
     * 配置SpringSecurity相关信息
     *
     * @param http
     * @throws Exception
     */
    @Override
    public void configure(HttpSecurity http) throws Exception {
        http.csrf().disable()  //关闭csrf
                .authorizeRequests()
                .antMatchers("/**").hasAnyRole("USER") //角色信息
                .anyRequest()   //其它资源
                .authenticated()    //表示其它资源认证通过后
                .and()
                .addFilter(new JwtVerifyFilter(super.authenticationManager(),rsaKeyProperties))
                .sessionManagement().sessionCreationPolicy(SessionCreationPolicy.STATELESS);    //禁用session
    }

}

@Data
public class Payload {
    private String id;
    private T userInfo;
    private Date expiration;
}

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/product")
public class ProductController {

    @Secured("ROLE_USER")
    @RequestMapping("/findAll")
    public String findAll() {
        return "测试";
    }

}

6

封装权限信息的类实现GrantedAuthority接口，并实现里面的getAuthority()方法
实现自己的Token校验过滤器继承自BasicAuthenticationFilter，并重写doFilterInternal()方法，实现自己的业务逻辑
编写Spring Security的配置类继承WebSecurityConfigurerAdapter，重写configure()方法添加自定义的过滤器，并添加@EnableGlobalMethodSecurity(securedEnabled = true)注解开启注解权限控制的功能
如果使用RSA非对称加密，就准备好RSA的配置类，然后在启动类中加入注解将其加入IOC容器中，注意这里不要只要配置公钥即可
总结
SpringBoot 整合 Spring Security到这里就结束了。文章只是简单的说了一下整合的流程，很多其它的东西都没有说，比如各个过滤器都有什么作用等。还有，这里采用的认证服务器和资源服务器分离的方式，要是集成在一起也是可以的。