Android拍照的方式：调用系统相机、自定义 Camera
一、调用系统相机：
- 清单文件配置
- 授权、打开相机
- 获取照片
- 注意事项
1、清单文件配置
A、配置使用相机权限
B、provider配置
C、meta-data标签：resource配置文件
2、授权打开系统相机：
A、打开页面授权：通过重写onRequestPermissionsResult方法获取授权结果。
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(requireContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA) !=
PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
) {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(
requireActivity(),
arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA),
100
)
} else {
openCamera()
}B、打开系统相机：下图中的imageUri是一个全局变量，是拍照成功后的图片 uri，拍照成功后在
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?)
方法中进行处理。
fun openCamera() {
val intent = Intent()
// 指定开启系统相机的Action
intent.setAction(MediaStore.ACTION_IMAGE_CAPTURE)
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_DEFAULT)
// 根据文件地址创建文件
val file: File? = createImageFile()
if (file?.exists() == true) {
file?.delete()
}
// 把文件地址转换成Uri格式
if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
/*7.0以上要通过FileProvider将File转化为Uri*/
imageUri = file?.let {
FileProvider.getUriForFile(
requireContext(), "com.example.camera.fileprovider",
it
)
};
} else {
/*7.0以下则直接使用Uri的fromFile方法将File转化为Uri*/
imageUri = Uri.fromFile(file);
}
// 设置系统相机拍摄照片完成后图片文件的存放地址
// 设置系统相机拍摄照片完成后图片文件的存放地址
intent.putExtra(MediaStore.EXTRA_OUTPUT, imageUri)
startActivityForResult(intent, 100)
}注意：startActivityForResult() 是如果实在 Fragment中就不要使用 activity启动。
二、调用系统相机：
- 清单文件配置
- Camera自定义视图、工具
- 使用
1、清单文件中只需要添加相应权限
2、自定义SurfaceView相机预览
class CameraSurfaceView extends SurfaceView implements SurfaceHolder.Callback {
private static final String TAG = CameraSurfaceView.class.getSimpleName();
private SurfaceHolder mSurfaceHolder;
public CameraSurfaceView(Context context) {
super(context);
init();
}
public CameraSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs) {
super(context, attrs);
init();
}
public CameraSurfaceView(Context context, AttributeSet attrs, int defStyleAttr) {
super(context, attrs, defStyleAttr);
init();
}
private void init() {
mSurfaceHolder = getHolder();
mSurfaceHolder.addCallback(this);
}
@Override
public void surfaceCreated(SurfaceHolder holder) {
CameraUtils.openFrontalCamera(CameraUtils.DESIRED_PREVIEW_FPS);
}
@Override
public void surfaceChanged(SurfaceHolder holder, int format, int width, int height) {
CameraUtils.startPreviewDisplay(holder);
}
@Override
public void surfaceDestroyed(SurfaceHolder holder) {
CameraUtils.releaseCamera();
}
}
3、Camera工具，用来控制相机、获取照片
public class CameraUtils {
// 相机默认宽高，相机的宽度和高度跟屏幕坐标不一样，手机屏幕的宽度和高度是反过来的。
public static final int DEFAULT_WIDTH = 1280;
public static final int DEFAULT_HEIGHT = 720;
public static final int DESIRED_PREVIEW_FPS = 270;
private static int mCameraID = Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT;
private static Camera mCamera;
private static int mCameraPreviewFps;
private static int mOrientation = 0;
/**
* 打开相机，默认打开后置相机
* @param expectFps
*/
public static void openFrontalCamera(int expectFps) {
if (mCamera != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("camera already initialized!");
}
Camera.CameraInfo info = new Camera.CameraInfo();
int numCameras = Camera.getNumberOfCameras();
// for (int i = 0; i < numCameras; i++) {
// Camera.getCameraInfo(i, info);
// if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
// mCamera = Camera.open(0);
// mCameraID = info.facing;
// break;
// }
// }
// 如果没有前置摄像头，则打开默认的后置摄像头
if (mCamera == null) {
mCamera = Camera.open();
mCameraID = Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_BACK;
}
// 没有摄像头时，抛出异常
if (mCamera == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open camera");
}
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
mCameraPreviewFps = CameraUtils.chooseFixedPreviewFps(parameters, expectFps * 1000);
parameters.setRecordingHint(true);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
setPreviewSize(mCamera, 480, 960);
// setPictureSize(mCamera, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_WIDTH, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(mOrientation);
}
/**
* 根据ID打开相机
* @param cameraID
* @param expectFps
*/
public static void openCamera(int cameraID, int expectFps) {
if (mCamera != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("camera already initialized!");
}
mCamera = Camera.open(cameraID);
if (mCamera == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Unable to open camera");
}
mCameraID = cameraID;
Camera.Parameters parameters = mCamera.getParameters();
mCameraPreviewFps = CameraUtils.chooseFixedPreviewFps(parameters, expectFps * 1000);
parameters.setRecordingHint(true);
mCamera.setParameters(parameters);
setPreviewSize(mCamera, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_WIDTH, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
setPictureSize(mCamera, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_WIDTH, CameraUtils.DEFAULT_HEIGHT);
mCamera.setDisplayOrientation(mOrientation);
}
/**
* 开始预览
* @param holder
*/
public static void startPreviewDisplay(SurfaceHolder holder) {
if (mCamera == null) {
throw new IllegalStateException("Camera must be set when start preview");
}
try {
mCamera.setPreviewDisplay(holder);
mCamera.startPreview();
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
/**
* 切换相机
* @param cameraID
*/
public static void switchCamera(int cameraID, SurfaceHolder holder) {
if (mCameraID == cameraID) {
return;
}
mCameraID = cameraID;
// 释放原来的相机
releaseCamera();
// 打开相机
openCamera(cameraID, CameraUtils.DESIRED_PREVIEW_FPS);
// 打开预览
startPreviewDisplay(holder);
}
/**
* 释放相机
*/
public static void releaseCamera() {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.stopPreview();
mCamera.release();
mCamera = null;
}
}
/**
* 开始预览
*/
public static void startPreview() {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.startPreview();
}
}
/**
* 停止预览
*/
public static void stopPreview() {
if (mCamera != null) {
mCamera.stopPreview();
}
}
/**
* 拍照
*/
public static void takePicture(Camera.ShutterCallback shutterCallback,
Camera.PictureCallback rawCallback,
Camera.PictureCallback pictureCallback) {
if (mCamera != null) {
try{
mCamera.takePicture(shutterCallback, rawCallback, pictureCallback);
}catch (RuntimeException exception){
//takePicture failed
}
}
}
/**
* 设置预览大小
* @param camera
* @param expectWidth
* @param expectHeight
*/
public static void setPreviewSize(Camera camera, int expectWidth, int expectHeight) {
Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
Camera.Size size = calculatePerfectSize(parameters.getSupportedPreviewSizes(),
expectWidth, expectHeight);
parameters.setPreviewSize(size.width, size.height);
camera.setParameters(parameters);
}
/**
* 获取预览大小
* @return
*/
public static Camera.Size getPreviewSize() {
if (mCamera != null) {
return mCamera.getParameters().getPreviewSize();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 设置拍摄的照片大小
* @param camera
* @param expectWidth
* @param expectHeight
*/
public static void setPictureSize(Camera camera, int expectWidth, int expectHeight) {
Camera.Parameters parameters = camera.getParameters();
Camera.Size size = calculatePerfectSize(parameters.getSupportedPictureSizes(),
expectWidth, expectHeight);
parameters.setPictureSize(size.width, size.height);
camera.setParameters(parameters);
}
/**
* 获取照片大小
* @return
*/
public static Camera.Size getPictureSize() {
if (mCamera != null) {
return mCamera.getParameters().getPictureSize();
}
return null;
}
/**
* 计算最完美的Size
* @param sizes
* @param expectWidth
* @param expectHeight
* @return
*/
public static Camera.Size calculatePerfectSize(List sizes, int expectWidth,
int expectHeight) {
sortList(sizes); // 根据宽度进行排序
Camera.Size result = sizes.get(0);
boolean widthOrHeight = false; // 判断存在宽或高相等的Size
// 辗转计算宽高最接近的值
for (Camera.Size size: sizes) {
// 如果宽高相等，则直接返回
if (size.width == expectWidth && size.height == expectHeight) {
result = size;
break;
}
// 仅仅是宽度相等，计算高度最接近的size
if (size.width == expectWidth) {
widthOrHeight = true;
if (Math.abs(result.height - expectHeight)
> Math.abs(size.height - expectHeight)) {
result = size;
}
}
// 高度相等，则计算宽度最接近的Size
else if (size.height == expectHeight) {
widthOrHeight = true;
if (Math.abs(result.width - expectWidth)
> Math.abs(size.width - expectWidth)) {
result = size;
}
}
// 如果之前的查找不存在宽或高相等的情况，则计算宽度和高度都最接近的期望值的Size
else if (!widthOrHeight) {
if (Math.abs(result.width - expectWidth)
> Math.abs(size.width - expectWidth)
&& Math.abs(result.height - expectHeight)
> Math.abs(size.height - expectHeight)) {
result = size;
}
}
}
return result;
}
private static void sortList(List list) {
Collections.sort(list, new Comparator() {
@Override
public int compare(Camera.Size pre, Camera.Size after) {
if (pre.width > after.width) {
return 1;
} else if (pre.width < after.width) {
return -1;
}
return 0;
}
});
}
/**
* 选择合适的FPS
* @param parameters
* @param expectedThoudandFps 期望的FPS
* @return
*/
public static int chooseFixedPreviewFps(Camera.Parameters parameters, int expectedThoudandFps) {
List supportedFps = parameters.getSupportedPreviewFpsRange();
for (int[] entry : supportedFps) {
if (entry[0] == entry[1] && entry[0] == expectedThoudandFps) {
parameters.setPreviewFpsRange(entry[0], entry[1]);
return entry[0];
}
}
int[] temp = new int[2];
int guess;
parameters.getPreviewFpsRange(temp);
if (temp[0] == temp[1]) {
guess = temp[0];
} else {
guess = temp[1] / 2;
}
return guess;
}
public static int calculateCameraPreviewOrientation(Activity activity) {
Camera.CameraInfo info = new Camera.CameraInfo();
Camera.getCameraInfo(mCameraID, info);
int rotation = activity.getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay()
.getRotation();
int degrees = 0;
switch (rotation) {
case Surface.ROTATION_0:
degrees = 0;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_90:
degrees = 90;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_180:
degrees = 180;
break;
case Surface.ROTATION_270:
degrees = 270;
break;
}
int result;
if (info.facing == Camera.CameraInfo.CAMERA_FACING_FRONT) {
result = (info.orientation + degrees) % 360;
result = (360 - result) % 360;
} else {
result = (info.orientation - degrees + 360) % 360;
}
mOrientation = result;
return result;
}
/**
* 获取当前的Camera ID
* @return
*/
public static int getCameraID() {
return mCameraID;
}
/**
* 获取当前预览的角度
* @return
*/
public static int getPreviewOrientation() {
return mOrientation;
}
/**
* 获取FPS（千秒值）
* @return
*/
public static int getCameraPreviewThousandFps() {
return mCameraPreviewFps;
}
}
4、自定义相机使用
- 在 onResume中调用启动预览
CameraUtils.startPreview()
- onPause或 onDestroy中停止预览
CameraUtils.stopPreview()
-
检测获取权限、给自定义 SurfaceView添加系统预览
override fun onRequestPermissionsResult( requestCode: Int, permissions: Array, grantResults: IntArray ) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults) if (requestCode == 11) { mCameraSurfaceView = CameraSurfaceView(requireContext()) binding!!.surfaceView!!.addView(mCameraSurfaceView) mOrientation = CameraUtils.calculateCameraPreviewOrientation(requireActivity()) } } private fun checkCameraHardware() { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( requireContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED ) { requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA), 11) } if (requireContext().packageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA_ANY)) { try { mCameraSurfaceView = CameraSurfaceView(requireContext()) binding!!.surfaceView!!.addView(mCameraSurfaceView) mOrientation = CameraUtils.calculateCameraPreviewOrientation(requireActivity()) } catch (e: Exception) { } } } 5、onActivityResult(...)获取结果
override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data) val options = BitmapFactory.Options() options.inJustDecodeBounds = false if (resultCode == -1 && data != null) { val uri = data.data try { val inputStream = requireContext().contentResolver.openInputStream( uri!! ) BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, options) inputStream!!.close() val height = options.outHeight val width = options.outWidth var sampleSize = 1 val max = Math.max(height, width) val MAX_SIZE = 769 if (max > MAX_SIZE) { val nw = width / 2 val nh = height / 2 while (nw / sampleSize > MAX_SIZE || nh / sampleSize > MAX_SIZE) { sampleSize *= 2 } } options.inSampleSize = sampleSize options.inJustDecodeBounds = false bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream( requireContext().contentResolver.openInputStream( uri ), null, options ) if (bitmap != null) { binding.surfaceView.visibility = View.GONE binding.surfaceViewImage.visibility = View.VISIBLE binding.surfaceViewImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap) } } catch (ioe: IOException) { } } else { Toast.makeText( requireContext(), "Please select a photo before editing it.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT ).show() // selectNegative(); } }三、Fragmeng源码其中还有调用系统相册的启动方法。
import android.Manifest import android.app.ProgressDialog import android.content.Intent import android.content.pm.PackageManager import android.graphics.Bitmap import android.graphics.BitmapFactory import android.os.Build import android.os.Bundle import android.util.Base64 import android.view.LayoutInflater import android.view.View import android.view.View.OnClickListener import android.view.ViewGroup import android.widget.Toast import androidx.annotation.RequiresApi import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat import androidx.lifecycle.ViewModelProvider import androidx.navigation.fragment.NavHostFragment import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.BaseFragment import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.R import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.databinding.FragmentHomeBinding import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.ViewModel import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.a.CameraGVAdapter import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.vvx.CameraInfo import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.vvx.CameraSurfaceView import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.vvx.CameraUtils import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.vvx.ImageUtils import com.camalo.ganmer.omeman.ui.vvx.Sp import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream import java.io.IOException class HomeFragment : BaseFragment(), OnClickListener, CameraGVAdapter.OnItemClickListener { private var _binding: FragmentHomeBinding? = null private val binding get() = _binding!! private var homeViewModel: ViewModel? = null private var myGVAdapter: CameraGVAdapter? = null private var selectCamera: Int = 0 private var selectCameraInfo: CameraInfo? = null private var bitmap: Bitmap? = null private var mOrientation = 0 private var index = 0 private var mCameraSurfaceView: CameraSurfaceView? = null override fun onCreateView( inflater: LayoutInflater, container: ViewGroup?, savedInstanceState: Bundle? ): View { homeViewModel = ViewModelProvider(this)[ViewModel::class.java] _binding = FragmentHomeBinding.inflate(inflater, container, false) return binding.root } override fun onResume() { super.onResume() init() CameraUtils.startPreview() } override fun onPause() { super.onPause() CameraUtils.stopPreview() } private fun init() { checkCameraHardware() selectCameraInfo = homeViewModel?.cameras?.get(0) binding.ivToTakePricture.setOnClickListener(this) binding.ivCameraBagBack.setOnClickListener(this) binding.tvSelectPhotograph.setOnClickListener(this) binding.ivPhotoBack.setOnClickListener(this) binding.tvPictureRecord.setOnClickListener(this) binding.tvSetting.setOnClickListener(this) binding.ivPhoto.setOnClickListener(this) binding.ivPhotoPicture.setOnClickListener(this) binding.tvCameraInfo.setOnClickListener { if (bitmap != null) { val bundle = Bundle() // bundle.putParcelable("info", selectCameraInfo) bundle.putInt("info_type", selectCamera) val baos = ByteArrayOutputStream() bitmap!!.compress(Bitmap.CompressFormat.JPEG, 100, baos) val data = baos.toByteArray() val imageString = String(Base64.encode(data, Base64.DEFAULT)) Sp.getInstance().setValue("bitmap",imageString) // bundle.putByteArray("bitmap", data) NavHostFragment.findNavController(this) .navigate(R.id.action_navigation_home_to_EFragment, bundle) } } } @RequiresApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.O) override fun onClick(v: View?) { when (v?.id) { R.id.tv_setting -> { NavHostFragment.findNavController(this@HomeFragment) .navigate(R.id.action_navigation_home_to_navigation_setting) } R.id.tv_picture_record -> { NavHostFragment.findNavController(this@HomeFragment) .navigate(R.id.action_navigation_home_to_record) } R.id.iv_to_take_pricture -> { index = 2 binding.clCameraBag.visibility = View.GONE binding.clPhoto.visibility = View.VISIBLE binding.tvCameraInfo.text = selectCameraInfo?.name binding.surfaceView.visibility = View.VISIBLE } R.id.iv_photo -> { takePicture() } R.id.iv_camera_bag_back -> { binding.clCameraBag.visibility = View.GONE } R.id.tv_select_photograph -> { index = 1 binding.clPhoto.visibility = View.GONE binding.clCameraBag.visibility = View.VISIBLE myGVAdapter = homeViewModel?.cameras?.let { CameraGVAdapter( 0, requireContext(), it, R.layout.gv_camera_item ) } myGVAdapter?.setCurrentPosition(0, true) myGVAdapter?.setOnItemClickListener(this) binding.gvCameraBag.adapter = myGVAdapter } R.id.iv_photo_back -> { binding.clPhoto.visibility = View.GONE binding.surfaceView.visibility = View.VISIBLE binding.surfaceViewImage.visibility = View.GONE bitmap=null } R.id.iv_photo_picture -> { selectNegative(-1) } } } override fun onDestroyView() { super.onDestroyView() _binding = null } private fun takePicture() { CameraUtils.takePicture({ }, null) { data, camera -> CameraUtils.startPreview() bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeByteArray(data, 0, data.size) binding.surfaceViewImage.visibility = View.VISIBLE if (bitmap != null) { bitmap = ImageUtils.getRotatedBitmap(bitmap, mOrientation); binding.surfaceViewImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap) } } } private fun selectNegative(requestCode: Int) { val intent = Intent() intent.type = "image/*" intent.action = Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT startActivityForResult(Intent.createChooser(intent, ""), requestCode) } override fun onRequestPermissionsResult( requestCode: Int, permissions: Array, grantResults: IntArray ) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults) if (requestCode == 11) { mCameraSurfaceView = CameraSurfaceView(requireContext()) binding!!.surfaceView!!.addView(mCameraSurfaceView) mOrientation = CameraUtils.calculateCameraPreviewOrientation(requireActivity()) } } private fun checkCameraHardware() { if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission( requireContext(), Manifest.permission.CAMERA ) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED ) { requestPermissions(arrayOf(Manifest.permission.CAMERA), 11) } if (requireContext().packageManager.hasSystemFeature(PackageManager.FEATURE_CAMERA_ANY)) { try { mCameraSurfaceView = CameraSurfaceView(requireContext()) binding!!.surfaceView!!.addView(mCameraSurfaceView) mOrientation = CameraUtils.calculateCameraPreviewOrientation(requireActivity()) } catch (e: Exception) { } } } override fun onActivityResult(requestCode: Int, resultCode: Int, data: Intent?) { super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data) val options = BitmapFactory.Options() options.inJustDecodeBounds = false if (resultCode == -1 && data != null) { val uri = data.data try { val inputStream = requireContext().contentResolver.openInputStream( uri!! ) BitmapFactory.decodeStream(inputStream, null, options) inputStream!!.close() val height = options.outHeight val width = options.outWidth var sampleSize = 1 val max = Math.max(height, width) val MAX_SIZE = 769 if (max > MAX_SIZE) { val nw = width / 2 val nh = height / 2 while (nw / sampleSize > MAX_SIZE || nh / sampleSize > MAX_SIZE) { sampleSize *= 2 } } options.inSampleSize = sampleSize options.inJustDecodeBounds = false bitmap = BitmapFactory.decodeStream( requireContext().contentResolver.openInputStream( uri ), null, options ) if (bitmap != null) { binding.surfaceView.visibility = View.GONE binding.surfaceViewImage.visibility = View.VISIBLE binding.surfaceViewImage.setImageBitmap(bitmap) } } catch (ioe: IOException) { } } else { Toast.makeText( requireContext(), "Please select a photo before editing it.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT ).show() // selectNegative(); } } override fun onCameraItemClick( type: Int, position: Int, bitmap: Bitmap?, cameraInfo: CameraInfo ) { myGVAdapter?.setCurrentPosition(position, true) selectCamera = position selectCameraInfo = cameraInfo binding.clCameraBag.visibility = View.GONE binding.clPhoto.visibility = View.VISIBLE binding.tvCameraInfo.text = selectCameraInfo?.name binding.surfaceView.visibility = View.VISIBLE } } 谢谢阅读，呈请关注。如对鸿蒙开发有兴趣课试读我的专栏：http://t.csdnimg.cn/trIyc