八、练习
1、含绝对词类的话题
All school teachers should be required to take courses every five years to update their knowledge.
It depends. (分情况)
To begin with, as for the liberal arts teachers, there’s no need for them to take any courses for knowledge update.
On the contrary, it is necessary for the science teachers to take loads of courses teaching the newest theories, so that they catch up the science development.
Last but not least, generally speaking, professors are supposed to take more courses and update their knowledge in time than high school teachers.
绝对词类题的写法
让步
例内（Admittedly…）+ 例外 + 例外
一边倒
例外 + 例外 + 例外
分情况
Cutting edge 最前沿
2、三选一
一边倒
两段(A好+BC坏)
让步式
一A好+一B坏+一C坏
一A好+（一B好+削反）+（一C好+削反）
Which way do you think is the best for a student to make new friends? A:joining a sports team; B:participating in community activities; C:traveling
I choose C.
To begin with, traveling create us a harmonious atmosphere to have fun with loads of strangers who you may find have similar interests and personalities with you, thus we can get a sincere and true friend.
However, joining a sports team may help us exercise together with a potential friend. Nevertheless, having the same interest in a kind of sports won’t mean that you gays can get on well.
Besides, community activities never fail to congregate our neighborhoods , and this give rise to the unity between loads of strangers. On the other hand, we always meet different people in various community activities.
3、More important 题型
几乎四种解法都能用。
九、开头
1、开头的主要作用
-最主要的使最后一句话：thesis statement,表明自己的立场和观点。
-吸引读者，让读者对你的文章产生兴趣。
-好的开头，对写好文章非常重要。
-40字左右
-General information
铺垫，引出作用
使得主题句的直接表达不那么突兀
-Thesis statement
回答task，表明自己的倾向或观点
暗示下文
(1)简洁保险不失分精神抖擞版一
介绍背景（包含社会现象）+改写题目+作者观点
（2）简洁保险不失分精神抖擞版二
介绍背景（包含社会现象）/改写题目+双方（反方）对立观点+作者观点
开头经典句型（背景）
Recent survey has suggested that……
The last decade has seen/witnessed a great change/boom in（非灵主语）…
The perennial（永恒的）question about…has been rekindled（重新点燃）.
Recently the topic/phenomenon that…has been brought into focus/public attention.
A hot-button issue these days is whether…
Here arises a debate whether…
When it comes to/As for the issue whether…,there are never short of discussions arguments.
Some people claim that…,while others suggest that…As far as I am concerned,…
I run decidedly in favor of the latter opinion
（3）复杂高级抓眼球回味无穷版
A）引人注意的数字/罕见的事实
B）问题
C）鲜明的例子/轶闻趣事
D）类比
E）名人名言/一小段引用
F）下定义
2、练习
（1）练习一：
三选一：度假。A) good food B）good locations C) good friends
Nowadays, an increasing number of people choose to have an relaxing vacation to wind themselves down. Some people claim that a vacation without abundant and delicious food wouldn’t be enjoyable. Others may prefer a good location for their vacation, say, The Chengde Mountain Resort in China, the beach of Maldives or somewhere tranquil and pleasant. However , as far as I am concerned, only by travelling with our best friends can we really enjoy a fantastic vacation from the beginning to the end.
（2）练习二：
Agree or disagree? —— Children(aged from five to ten)should be required to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.
Recently, a trend of teaching children artistic skills and cultivating their aesthetic ability has been prevailing around our young parents. It is universally acknowledged that children are supposed to take traditional subject courses. But how about art and music, which may seem less useful in the conventional concepts? Well, as far as I am concerned, only by studying at least two art and music skills can our children grow to be a comprehensive person.
-place an undue emphasis on 非常注重
-extracurricular activities 课外活动
-A rose by any other name would smell as sweet. （是金子总会发光）
当代三大趋势
基因工程
人机结合
人工智能 AI（artificial intelligence）
十、结尾
1、结尾的主要作用
-最主要的是第一句：Thesis statement的改写
-Short but necessary , 读者此时已经明白你的观点，留出时间proofreading，或者进一步展开body
-30字左右
-结尾切忌出现新信息
2、简洁保险不失分精神抖擞版
（1）总结全文
（2）重述观点和理由
或者Step further（可选）
-最后的评价
-做出预测
-提出建议
3、结尾经典句型
-From what have been discussed above/From the analysis above
-Taking all the ideas above into consideration, we may reach a conclusion that…
-In conclusion/To sum it up
4、复杂高级抓眼球回味无穷版
为了让结尾难忘，我们还可以用其他的一些形式，无外乎达到吸引眼球，回味无穷的目的。
连续劈空发问（从而有平行结构）
十一、发展
A → B（每段都是不断重复A → B 的过程）
常犯错误：
1、（X）A → B
2、A → B（X）
3、A → C
4、A → B-（没有写到B）