内连接就是利用where子句对两种表形成的笛卡尔积进行筛选,之前博客写的查询都是内连接,也是在开发过程中使用的最多的连接查询。
语法:
select 字段 from 表1 inner join 表2 on 连接条件 and 其他条件;
--或者
select 字段 from 表1 inner join 表2 on 连接条件 where 条件 and 条件;
查询指定员工的姓名和部门名称
--两张数据表 中数据
mysql> select* from emp;
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| empno | ename | job | mgr | hiredate | sal | comm | deptno |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
| 007369 | SMITH | CLERK | 7902 | 1980-12-17 00:00:00 | 800.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007499 | ALLEN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-20 00:00:00 | 1600.00 | 300.00 | 30 |
| 007521 | WARD | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-02-22 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 500.00 | 30 |
| 007566 | JONES | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-04-02 00:00:00 | 2975.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007654 | MARTIN | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-28 00:00:00 | 1250.00 | 1400.00 | 30 |
| 007698 | BLAKE | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-05-01 00:00:00 | 2850.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 007782 | CLARK | MANAGER | 7839 | 1981-06-09 00:00:00 | 2450.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 007788 | SCOTT | ANALYST | 7566 | 1987-04-19 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007839 | KING | PRESIDENT | NULL | 1981-11-17 00:00:00 | 5000.00 | NULL | 10 |
| 007844 | TURNER | SALESMAN | 7698 | 1981-09-08 00:00:00 | 1500.00 | 0.00 | 30 |
| 007876 | ADAMS | CLERK | 7788 | 1987-05-23 00:00:00 | 1100.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007900 | JAMES | CLERK | 7698 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 950.00 | NULL | 30 |
| 007902 | FORD | ANALYST | 7566 | 1981-12-03 00:00:00 | 3000.00 | NULL | 20 |
| 007934 | MILLER | CLERK | 7782 | 1982-01-23 00:00:00 | 1300.00 | NULL | 10 |
+--------+--------+-----------+------+---------------------+---------+---------+--------+
14 rows in set (0.07 sec)
mysql> select* from dept;
+--------+------------+----------+
| deptno | dname | loc |
+--------+------------+----------+
| 10 | ACCOUNTING | NEW YORK |
| 20 | RESEARCH | DALLAS |
| 30 | SALES | CHICAGO |
| 40 | OPERATIONS | BOSTON |
+--------+------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
之前写法:
mysql> select ename,dname from emp,dept where emp.deptno=dept.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
内连接写法
mysql> select ename,dname from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno and ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> select ename,dname from emp inner join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno where ename='SMITH';
+-------+----------+
| ename | dname |
+-------+----------+
| SMITH | RESEARCH |
+-------+----------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
外连接分为左外连接和右外连接。
如果联合查询,左侧的表完全显示就是左外连接。
语法:
select 字段名 from 表名1 left join 表名2 on 连接条件;
先创建两张表
-- 学生表
create table stu (id int, name varchar(30));
insert into stu values(1,'张飞'),(2,'刘备'),(3,'关羽'),(4,'曹操');
--成绩表
create table exam (id int, grade int);
insert into exam values(1,56),(2,76),(11,88);
查询所有学生的成绩
可以看到,在联合查询的情况下,没有查询到没有考试的同学,
此时,我们可以使用左外连接将没有考试的同学也查询出来
如果联合查询,右侧的表完全显示我们就说是右外连接。
语法:
select 字段 from 表名1 right join 表名2 on 连接条件;
实例:
对stu表和exam表联合查询,把所有的成绩都显示出来,即使这个成绩没有学生与它对应,也要显示出来
select exam.id,name,grade from stu right join exam on stu.id=exam.id;
列出部门名称和这些部门的员工信息,同时列出没有员工的部门
select * from emp right join dept on emp.deptno=dept.deptno order by emp.deptno asc;