SimpleDateFormat学习使用

提起SimpleDateFormat类，想必做过Java开发的童鞋都不会感到陌生。没错，它就是Java中提供的日期时间的转化类。这里，
为什么说SimpleDateFormat类有线程安全问题呢？有些小伙伴可能会提出疑问：我们生产环境上一直在使用SimpleDateFormat
类来解析和格式化日期和时间类型的数据，一直都没有问题啊！我的回答是：没错，那是因为你们的系统达不到
SimpleDateFormat类出现问题的并发量，也就是说你们的系统没啥负载！
接下来，我们就一起看下在高并发下SimpleDateFormat类为何会出现安全问题，以及如何解决SimpleDateFormat类的安全问
题。

重现SimpleDateFormat线程安全问题

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
    //SimpleDateFormat对象
    private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                       simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }
}

运行结果

java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ""
线程：pool-1-thread-1 格式化日期失败
	at java.lang.NumberFormatException.forInputString(NumberFormatException.java:65)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:601)
	at java.lang.Long.parseLong(Long.java:631)
	at java.text.DigitList.getLong(DigitList.java:195)
	at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2051)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
	at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
	at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
	at com.xysd.concurrent.lab06.SimpleDateFormatTest01.lambda$main$0(SimpleDateFormatTest01.java:72)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1149)
	at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:624)
	at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:748)

原因

//SimpleDateFormat
public Date parse(String text, ParsePosition pos) {

        CalendarBuilder calb = new CalendarBuilder();
        Date parsedDate;
        try {
        	//TODO
            parsedDate = calb.establish(calendar).getTime();
            if (ambiguousYear[0]) {
                if (parsedDate.before(defaultCenturyStart)) {
                    parsedDate = calb.addYear(100).establish(calendar).getTime();
                }
            }
        }catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
            pos.errorIndex = start;
            pos.index = oldStart;
            return null;
        }

        return parsedDate;
    }

//CalendarBuilder
//clear()和set()这两个方法执行不是原子操作所以造成线程不安全
Calendar establish(Calendar cal) {
        boolean weekDate = isSet(WEEK_YEAR)
                            && field[WEEK_YEAR] > field[YEAR];
        if (weekDate && !cal.isWeekDateSupported()) {
            // Use YEAR instead
            if (!isSet(YEAR)) {
                set(YEAR, field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_YEAR]);
            }
            weekDate = false;
        }
		//这里线clear
        cal.clear();
        for (int stamp = MINIMUM_USER_STAMP; stamp < nextStamp; stamp++) {
            for (int index = 0; index <= maxFieldIndex; index++) {
                if (field[index] == stamp) {
                	//然后再set
                    cal.set(index, field[MAX_FIELD + index]);
                    break;
                }
            }
        }

        if (weekDate) {
            int weekOfYear = isSet(WEEK_OF_YEAR) ? field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_OF_YEAR] : 1;
            int dayOfWeek = isSet(DAY_OF_WEEK) ?
                                field[MAX_FIELD + DAY_OF_WEEK] : cal.getFirstDayOfWeek();
            if (!isValidDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek) && cal.isLenient()) {
                if (dayOfWeek >= 8) {
                    dayOfWeek--;
                    weekOfYear += dayOfWeek / 7;
                    dayOfWeek = (dayOfWeek % 7) + 1;
                } else {
                    while (dayOfWeek <= 0) {
                        dayOfWeek += 7;
                        weekOfYear--;
                    }
                }
                dayOfWeek = toCalendarDayOfWeek(dayOfWeek);
            }
            cal.setWeekDate(field[MAX_FIELD + WEEK_YEAR], weekOfYear, dayOfWeek);
        }
        return cal;
    }

解决方案一 方法局部变量

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                       SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
                       simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }
}

解决方案二 使用synchronized锁

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
	private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                    	synchronized(simpleDateFormat){
                    	  simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
                    	}
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }
}

解决方案三 Lock锁

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
	private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
	private static Lock lock = new ReentrackLock();
	
    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                    	lock.lock();
                    	simpleDateFormat.parse("2020-01-01");
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }finally{
                    	lock.unlock();
					}
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }
}

解决方案四 ThreadLocal

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {
    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
    //SimpleDateFormat对象
    private static SimpleDateFormat simpleDateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");

    //本地线程
    private static ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
        @Override
        protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
            return new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
        }
    };

    private static DateFormat getDateFormat() {
        SimpleDateFormat dateFormat = threadLocal.get();
        if (dateFormat == null) {
            dateFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
            threadLocal.set(dateFormat);
        }
        return dateFormat;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                        getDateFormat().parse("2020-01-01");
                    } catch (ParseException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    } catch (NumberFormatException e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }

}

解决方案五 DateTimeFormatter

public class SimpleDateFormatTest01 {

    //执行总次数
    private static final int EXECUTE_COUNT = 1000;
    //同时运行的线程数量
    private static final int THREAD_COUNT = 20;
    private static DateTimeFormatter formatter = DateTimeFormatter.ofPattern("yyyy-MM-dd");

    public static void main(String[] args) throws InterruptedException {
        final Semaphore semaphore = new Semaphore(THREAD_COUNT);
        final CountDownLatch countDownLatch = new CountDownLatch(EXECUTE_COUNT);
        ExecutorService executorService = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();
        for (int i = 0; i < EXECUTE_COUNT; i++) {
            executorService.execute(() -> {
                try {
                    semaphore.acquire();
                    try {
                        LocalDate.parse("2020-01-01", formatter);
                    } catch (Exception e) {
                        System.out.println("线程：" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + " 格式化日期失败");
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        System.exit(1);
                    }
                    semaphore.release();
                } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                    System.out.println("信号量发生错误");
                    e.printStackTrace();
                    System.exit(1);
                }
                countDownLatch.countDown();
            });
        }
        countDownLatch.await();
        executorService.shutdown();
        System.out.println("所有线程格式化日期成功");
    }
}

总结

在高并发情况下推荐使用ThreadLocal或DateTimeFormatter