Managing a Multitenant Environment官方文档链接:
https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/12.2/admin/managing-a-multitenant-environment.html#GUID-93F1E584-D309-4301-82E0-AD0E60D4977C
如果要使用可插拔数据库的功能,需要在创建数据库时专门指定启用可插拔数据库,创建CDB通常有如下两种方式:
这里演示使用非OMF方式创建CDB,数据名称为ora12c:
1.设置ENABLE_PLUGGABLE_DATABASE参数为TRUE,参数文件如下:
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/ora12c/adump'
audit_trail='none'
compatible='12.2.0'
control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/control02.ctl'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain='linux.com'
db_name='ora12c'
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
enable_pluggable_database=true
memory_target=801m
nls_language='AMERICAN'
nls_territory='AMERICA'
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
2.创建相应目录以及设置环境变量
export ORACLE_SID=ora12c
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1
export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/OPatch:$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/jdk/bin:$PATH
3.CREATE DATABASE脚本createdb.sql如下:
CREATE DATABASE ora12c
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo01a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo01b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 2 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo02a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo02b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512,
GROUP 3 ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo03a.log','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/redo03b.log')
SIZE 100M BLOCKSIZE 512
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 1024
CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/system01.dbf'
SIZE 700M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/sysaux01.dbf'
SIZE 550M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10240K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TABLESPACE deftbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/deftbs01.dbf'
SIZE 500M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
TEMPFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 640K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/undotbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 5120K MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
ENABLE PLUGGABLE DATABASE
SEED
FILE_NAME_CONVERT = ('/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/',
'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/')
SYSTEM DATAFILES SIZE 125M AUTOEXTEND ON NEXT 10M MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
SYSAUX DATAFILES SIZE 100M
USER_DATA TABLESPACE usertbs
DATAFILE '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/usertbs01.dbf'
SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;
--注意:官方文档的示例代码中使用了LOCAL UNDO ON子句的方式开启local undo mode,但我的测试环境中测试时如果加有LOCAL UNDO ON,报:ORA-02165: invalid option for CREATE DATABASE,那我这里在创建CDB时不开启local undo mode,在CDB创建完成后手动开启local undo mode。
这段代码中只有红色字体部分与PDB有关,其他部分与创建传统的Oracle数据库语句均相同。
FILE_NAME_CONVERT 子句指定了使用'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/'中的文件名在'/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/pdbseed/'中生产CDB seeds。
USER_DATA_TABLESPACE 子句可以在容器中创建额外的表空间,这个表空间在后续使用PDB$SEED创建PDB时会被复制到PDB中。
4.将数据库启动到nomount状态,然后执行上面createdb.sql脚本创建CDB
startup nomount;
@createdb.sql
当数据库创建成功之后可以看到新建立的数据库被加入到/etc/oratab文件中。
#cat /etc/oratab
+ASM:/u01/app/11.2.0/grid:N
ora12c:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N
orcl:/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/dbhome_1:N # line added by Agent
newdb:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N
yyh:/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/dbhome_1:N
5.查看监听,根容器的服务ora12c.linux.com已经被注册到监听中。
Service "ora12c.linux.com" has 1 instance(s).
Instance "ora12c", status READY, has 1 handler(s) for this service...
6.运行catcdb.sql脚本创建CDB相关视图,运行之前请看下面的注意事项:
@?/rdbms/admin/catcdb.sql
注意事项:
1.在catcdb.pl执行过中需要输入两个参数,文档中并没有指出是什么参数,
第一个参数应输入:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin
第二个参数应输入:catcdb.pl
2.环境变量中必须将$ORACLE_HOME/perl/bin指定到PATH中,否则报如下错误:
Can't locate Term/ReadKey.pm
3.需要将$ORACLE_HOME/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash中的catcdb.pl文件内容:
use Data::Dumper;
use util qw(trim, splitToArray);
use catcon qw(catconSqlplus);
更改为
use Data::Dumper;
use Util qw(trim, splitToArray);
use catcon qw(catconSqlplus);
4.切换到$ORACLE_HOME/perl/lib/5.22.0/x86_64-linux-thread-multi/Hash目录中,然后sqlplus连接到数据,在执行catcdb.sql,否则报如下错误:
Can't locate Util.pm
5.开启local undo mode(因为上面再创建CDB时没有加入local undo mode子句)
sys. ora12c>shutdown immediate
sys. ora12c>startup upgrade
sys. ora12c>alter database local undo on;
Database altered.
Elapsed: 00:00:00.72
查看是否为local undo mode:
SELECT property_name, property_value
FROM database_properties
WHERE property_name='LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED';
PROPERTY_NAME PROPERTY_VALUE
-------------------- --------------------
LOCAL_UNDO_ENABLED TRUE
Elapsed: 00:00:00.02
sys. ora12c>
重启数据库
shutdown immediate
startup
启动数据库的过程中会在PDB$SEED中自动创建UNDO表空间,提供给后来采用PDB$SEED方式创建PDB所使用。
PS:如果CDB中已经存在多个PDB,当在根容器中使用alter database local undo on;开启local undo mode时会自动为每个PDB创建local undo。
6.检查CDB是否已经创建成功
sys. ora12c>SELECT dbid, name, open_mode, cdb, con_id FROM v$database;
DBID NAME OPEN_MODE CDB CON_ID
---------- --------- -------------------- --- ----------
323027068 ORA12C READ WRITE YES 0
Elapsed: 00:00:00.11
sys. ora12c>
此时CDB中含有两个容器:根容器CDB$ROOT和种子容器PDB$SEED,如下:
sys. ora12c>SELECT con_id, dbid, con_uid, guid, name FROM v$containers;
CON_ID DBID CON_UID GUID NAME
------ ---------- ---------- --------------------------------- ----------
1 323027068 1 50A57CDEFD150C96E0530838A8C0206E CDB$ROOT
2 1453953285 1453953285 50A57CDEFD160C96E0530838A8C0206E PDB$SEED
Elapsed: 00:00:00.00
sys. ora12c>SELECT con_id, tablespace_name, file_id, file_name
FROM cdb_data_files;
CON_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME
------ --------------- ------- --------------------------------------------
1 SYSTEM 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/system01.dbf
1 SYSAUX 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/sysaux01.dbf
1 UNDOTBS1 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/undotbs01.dbf
1 DEFTBS 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora12c/deftbs01.dbf
Elapsed: 00:00:00.01
sys. ora12c>show con_id con_name user
CON_ID
------------------------------
1
CON_NAME
------------------------------
CDB$ROOT
USER is "SYS"
sys. ora12c>