0、io同步、阻塞
1、io的客户端与线程数的比是1:1;线程池优化后的io是m:n
2、io是面向stream编程,因此一个线程只能等待流处理,因此阻塞
0、nio同步、非阻塞
1、nio的客户端与线程数比是m:1
2、nio是面向buffer编程,因此一个线程写或者读缓冲区后就可以做其他事情了,因此非阻塞
图解:(这不就是在东北吃烧烤吗?)
服务端注册Selector,监听accept事件,当客户端连接后,触发accept事件,服务器构建对应的Channel,并在其上注册Selector,监听读写事件,当发生读写事件后,进行相应的读写处理。
0、aio异步、非阻塞
1、nio与aio的不同之处(也就是reactor与proactor的不同之处):
Reactor将handle放到selecter,等待可写就绪,然后调用write()写入数据;写完处理后续逻辑;
Proactor调用aoi_write(异步写)后立刻返回,由内核负责写操作,写完后调用相应的回调函数处理后续逻辑(如下图);
可以看出,Reactor被动的等待指示事件的到来并做出反应;它有一个等待的过程,做什么都要先放入到监听事件集合中等待handler可用时再进行操作;
Proactor直接调用异步读写操作,调用完后立刻返回。
2、aio在JDK1.7中,这部分内容被称作NIO.2,主要在Java.nio.channels包下增加了下面四个异步通道:
AsynchronousSocketChannel
AsynchronousServerSocketChannel
AsynchronousFileChannel
AsynchronousDatagramChannel
(在高性能的I/O设计中,有两个比较著名的模式Reactor和Proactor模式,其中Reactor模式用于同步I/O,而Proactor运用于异步I/O操作。)
图解:
与NIO流程基本相同,只是将消息相关处理独立到了Handler中。
图解:
reactor主从模型,主Reactor用于响应连接请求,从Reactor用于处理IO操作请求。
0、Netty是一个异步事件驱动的网络应用程序框架,一个高性能NIO框架,一个Reactor模型的实现
1、可以快速开发可维护的高性能协议服务器和客户端。
2、简化了TCP和UDP套接字服务器等网络编程。
3、connect成功后accept就绪交给boss处理,read就绪与write就绪交给worker处理。
import io.netty.bootstrap.ServerBootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.group.ChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.group.DefaultChannelGroup;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioServerSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import io.netty.util.concurrent.GlobalEventExecutor;
public class ChatServer extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {
private int port;
int i = 0;
public ChatServer(int port) {
this.port = port;
}
public static ChannelGroup channels = new DefaultChannelGroup(GlobalEventExecutor.INSTANCE);//目前先不使用多通道了
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String s) throws Exception {
StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(s);
ctx.writeAndFlush( sb.reverse()); //加上.addListener(ChannelFutureListener.CLOSE) 表示告诉客户端,关闭socket连接 完成一次数据传输就关闭连接
i++;
System.out.println("处理了"+i+"次");
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ChatClient:"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"在线");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ChatClient:"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"异常");
ctx.close();
}
public void run() throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup boss = new NioEventLoopGroup();
EventLoopGroup worker = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
ServerBootstrap serverBootstrap = new ServerBootstrap();
serverBootstrap.group(boss,worker)
.channel(NioServerSocketChannel.class)
.childHandler(new ChannelInitializer() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline()
.addLast(new StringEncoder())
.addLast(new StringDecoder())
.addLast(ChatServer.this);
}
}).option(ChannelOption.SO_BACKLOG, 128)
.childOption(ChannelOption.SO_KEEPALIVE, true);
System.out.println("ChatServer 开启");
ChannelFuture future = serverBootstrap.bind(port).sync();
future.channel().closeFuture().sync();//等待通讯完成,关闭服务器通道,在这个聊天程序中不会关闭
} finally {
worker.shutdownGracefully();
boss.shutdownGracefully();
System.out.println("ChatServer 关闭了");
}
}
}
import io.netty.bootstrap.Bootstrap;
import io.netty.channel.*;
import io.netty.channel.nio.NioEventLoopGroup;
import io.netty.channel.socket.SocketChannel;
import io.netty.channel.socket.nio.NioSocketChannel;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringDecoder;
import io.netty.handler.codec.string.StringEncoder;
import java.io.BufferedReader;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class ChatClient extends SimpleChannelInboundHandler {
int port;
String host;
public ChatClient(String host, int port) {
this.port = port;
this.host = host;
}
@Override
protected void channelRead0(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, String s) throws Exception {
System.out.println("[" + ctx.channel().remoteAddress() + "]: " + s + "\n");
}
@Override
public void channelActive(ChannelHandlerContext ctx) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ChatClient:"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"在线");
System.out.println("可以开始向对方发送消息了:");
}
@Override
public void exceptionCaught(ChannelHandlerContext ctx, Throwable cause) throws Exception {
System.out.println("ChatServer:"+ctx.channel().remoteAddress()+"异常");
ctx.close();
}
public void run() throws InterruptedException {
EventLoopGroup loopGroup = new NioEventLoopGroup();
try {
Bootstrap bootstrap = new Bootstrap();
bootstrap.group(loopGroup)
.channel(NioSocketChannel.class)
.handler(new ChannelInitializer() {
protected void initChannel(SocketChannel socketChannel) throws Exception {
socketChannel.pipeline()
.addLast(new StringEncoder())
.addLast(new StringDecoder())
.addLast(ChatClient.this);
}
});
System.out.println("ChatClient 开启");
Channel channel = bootstrap.connect(host, port).sync().channel();
BufferedReader in = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(System.in));
while(true){
channel.writeAndFlush(in.readLine() + "\r\n");
}
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
} finally {
loopGroup.shutdownGracefully();
}
}
}