C语言实战三:图书管理系统

这个图书管理系统包括了添加、查找、删除、编辑、显示和保存书籍信息的功能。书籍信息被保存在一个文本文件中,在程序启动时从文件中加载,退出程序时保存到文件中。用户可以通过命令行界面操作图书管理系统,并进行相应的功能操作。

一、代码

#include 
#include 
#include 

#define MAX_BOOKS 100

struct Book {
    char title[100];
    char author[100];
    int year;
};

struct Library {
    struct Book books[MAX_BOOKS];
    int count;
};

// 函数声明
void addBook(struct Library *library);
void searchBook(struct Library library);
void deleteBook(struct Library *library, char *title);
void editBook(struct Library *library, char *title);
void saveBooks(struct Library library, char *filename);
void loadBooks(struct Library *library, char *filename);
void displayBooks(struct Library library);

int main() {
    struct Library library;
    library.count = 0;

    loadBooks(&library, "books.txt"); // 从文件加载书籍信息

    int choice;
    do {
        printf("\nLibrary Management System\n");
        printf("1. Add Book\n");
        printf("2. Search Book\n");
        printf("3. Delete Book\n");
        printf("4. Edit Book\n");
        printf("5. Display All Books\n");
        printf("6. Save Books\n");
        printf("7. Exit\n");
        printf("Enter your choice: ");
        scanf("%d", &choice);

        switch(choice) {
            case 1:
                addBook(&library); // 添加书籍
                break;
            case 2:
                searchBook(library); // 查找书籍
                break;
            case 3: {
                char title[100];
                printf("Enter title of book to delete: ");
                scanf("%s", title);
                deleteBook(&library, title); // 删除书籍
                break;
            }
            case 4: {
                char title[100];
                printf("Enter title of book to edit: ");
                scanf("%s", title);
                editBook(&library, title); // 编辑书籍信息
                break;
            }
            case 5:
                displayBooks(library); // 显示所有书籍
                break;
            case 6:
                saveBooks(library, "books.txt"); // 保存书籍信息到文件
                break;
            case 7:
                printf("Exiting program.\n");
                break;
            default:
                printf("Invalid choice! Please enter a number from 1 to 7.\n");
        }
    } while (choice != 7);

    return 0;
}

// 添加书籍
void addBook(struct Library *library) {
    if (library->count >= MAX_BOOKS) {
        printf("Library is full. Cannot add more books.\n");
        return;
    }

    struct Book newBook;
    printf("Enter title of book: ");
    scanf("%s", newBook.title);
    printf("Enter author of book: ");
    scanf("%s", newBook.author);
    printf("Enter year of publication: ");
    scanf("%d", &newBook.year);

    library->books[library->count] = newBook;
    library->count++;

    printf("Book added successfully.\n");
}

// 查找书籍
void searchBook(struct Library library) {
    char title[100];
    printf("Enter title of book to search: ");
    scanf("%s", title);

    int found = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < library.count; i++) {
        if (strcmp(library.books[i].title, title) == 0) {
            printf("Book found:\n");
            printf("Title: %s\n", library.books[i].title);
            printf("Author: %s\n", library.books[i].author);
            printf("Year: %d\n", library.books[i].year);
            found = 1;
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        printf("Book not found.\n");
    }
}

// 删除书籍
void deleteBook(struct Library *library, char *title) {
    int found = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < library->count; i++) {
        if (strcmp(library->books[i].title, title) == 0) {
            for (int j = i; j < library->count - 1; j++) {
                library->books[j] = library->books[j + 1];
            }
            library->count--;
            found = 1;
            printf("Book deleted successfully.\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        printf("Book not found.\n");
    }
}

// 编辑书籍信息
void editBook(struct Library *library, char *title) {
    int found = 0;
    for (int i = 0; i < library->count; i++) {
        if (strcmp(library->books[i].title, title) == 0) {
            printf("Enter new title of book: ");
            scanf("%s", library->books[i].title);
            printf("Enter new author of book: ");
            scanf("%s", library->books[i].author);
            printf("Enter new year of publication: ");
            scanf("%d", &library->books[i].year);
            found = 1;
            printf("Book edited successfully.\n");
            break;
        }
    }

    if (!found) {
        printf("Book not found.\n");
    }
}

// 保存书籍信息到文件
void saveBooks(struct Library library, char *filename) {
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "w");
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file.\n");
        return;
    }

    for (int i = 0; i < library.count; i++) {
        fprintf(file, "%s %s %d\n", library.books[i].title, library.books[i].author, library.books[i].year);
    }

    fclose(file);
    printf("Books saved to file successfully.\n");
}

// 从文件加载书籍信息
void loadBooks(struct Library *library, char *filename) {
    FILE *file = fopen(filename, "r");
    if (file == NULL) {
        printf("Error opening file.\n");
        return;
    }

    while (!feof(file) && library->count < MAX_BOOKS) {
        fscanf(file, "%s %s %d\n", library->books[library->count].title, library->books[library->count].author, &library->books[library->count].year);
        library->count++;
    }

    fclose(file);
}

// 显示所有书籍
void displayBooks(struct Library library) {
    printf("Books in library:\n");
    for (int i = 0; i < library.count; i++) {
        printf("Title: %s, Author: %s, Year: %d\n", library.books[i].title, library.books[i].author, library.books[i].year);
    }
}

二、程序分析

数据结构定义

  1. Book 结构体: 包含书籍的标题、作者和出版年份等信息。
  2. Library 结构体: 包含一个 Book 结构体数组和一个计数器,用于跟踪图书馆中的书籍数量。

主函数 main()

  1. 初始化图书馆: 创建 Library 结构体变量,并将书籍数量计数器初始化为 0。
  2. 加载书籍信息: 调用 loadBooks() 函数从文件中加载之前保存的书籍信息。
  3. 用户界面: 使用 do-while 循环显示菜单,直到用户选择退出。
  4. 菜单选项: 用户可以选择添加书籍、查找书籍、删除书籍、编辑书籍、显示所有书籍、保存书籍到文件和退出程序。
  5. 根据用户选择调用相应函数: 根据用户选择调用不同的函数来执行相应的操作。

函数定义

  1. 添加书籍 (addBook()):用户输入书籍的标题、作者和出版年份,将新书籍添加到图书馆中。
  2. 查找书籍 (searchBook()):用户输入要查找的书籍标题,系统根据输入查找并显示书籍的详细信息。
  3. 删除书籍 (deleteBook()):用户输入要删除的书籍标题,系统根据输入删除相应的书籍。
  4. 编辑书籍 (editBook()):用户输入要编辑的书籍标题,系统根据输入允许用户编辑书籍的标题、作者和出版年份。
  5. 保存书籍 (saveBooks()):将图书馆中的书籍信息保存到文件中,以便下次程序启动时加载使用。
  6. 加载书籍 (loadBooks()):从文件中加载之前保存的书籍信息到图书馆中。
  7. 显示所有书籍 (displayBooks()):列出图书馆中所有书籍的详细信息。

文件操作

  1. 保存和加载书籍信息: 使用文件操作函数 (fopen(), fclose(), fprintf(), fscanf()) 将书籍信息保存到文件或从文件中加载。

三、练习

Library 结构体数组,改为链表来实现。

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