数据结构-单链表反转

单链表是一种线性数据结构,由当前节点数据和指向下个节点的指针组成,因为是单向的,所以称为单链表

单链表的反转:

例如:1—>2—>3—>4 反转成:4—>3—>2—>1

首先定义一个链表的节点:

public class Node {
 private int data;
 private Node next;
​
 public Node(int data) {
 this.data = data;
 next = null;
 }
 //添加节点
 public Node addNode(Node node) {
 next = node;
 return node;
 }
​
 public void setNext(Node next) {
 this.next = next;
 }
​
 public Node getNext() {
 return next;
 }
​
 @Override
 public String toString() {
 return "Node{" +
 "data=" + data +
 ", next=" + next +
 '}';
 }
}

方式一:遍历节点,反转每个节点,也叫头插法,因为节点依次插入了新链表的头部

因为单链表只有指向下一个节点的指针,没有指向上个节点的指针。所以我们可以定义个指针指向上个节点,这样我们遍历链表,把每个指向下个节点的指针,指向上个节点,这样每个节点都指向了上个节点,实现了反转。如下图所示:

preNode 指向上个节点,curNode指向当前节点,让curNode的next指向preNode,然后移动preNode 和 curNode ,这样最终以preNode为头结点,实现了单链表的反转

代码:

public Node reverse() {
if (this == null || this.next == null) {
return this;
}
//上个节点
Node preNode = null;
//当前节点
Node curNode = this;
while (curNode != null) {
//当前节点的下个节点
Node next = curNode.getNext();
//修改当前节点的下个节点,让其指向上个节点
curNode.setNext(preNode);
//上个节点移动到当前节点
preNode = curNode;
//当前节点移动到下个节点
curNode = next;
}
return preNode;
}

测试:

public class Test {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Node head = new Node(1);
 head.addNode(new Node(2)).addNode(new Node(3));
 System.out.println("反转前:" + head);
 Node reverse = head.reverse();
 System.out.println("反转后:" + reverse);
 }
}
结果:
反转前:Node{data=1, next=Node{data=2, next=Node{data=3, next=null}}}
反转后:Node{data=3, next=Node{data=2, next=Node{data=1, next=null}}}

方式二:借助栈的特性,先进后出,实现单链表的反转

public static Node reverse2(Node head) {
 if (head == null || head.next == null) {
 return head;
 }
 Stack stack = new Stack<>();
 while (head != null) {
 stack.push(head);
 head = head.getNext();
 }
 head = stack.pop();
 //当前节点的位置
 Node cur = head;
 while (!stack.isEmpty()) {
 Node node = stack.pop();
 node.next = null;
 cur.next = node;
 cur = node;
 }
 return head;
}

方式三:递归

递归的方式理解起来,感觉有点困难

public static Node reverse3(Node head) {
 if (head == null || head.next == null) {
 return head;
 }
 Node prev = reverse3(head.next);
 head.next.next = head;
 head.next = null;
 return prev;
}

测试

public class Test {
 public static void main(String[] args) {
 Node head = new Node(1);
 head.addNode(new Node(2)).addNode(new Node(3));
 System.out.println("反转前:" + head);
 Node reverse = Node.reverse3(head);
 System.out.println("反转后:" + reverse);
 }
}
结果:
反转前:Node{data=1, next=Node{data=2, next=Node{data=3, next=null}}}
反转后:Node{data=3, next=Node{data=2, next=Node{data=1, next=null}}}

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