Spring Cloud OpenFeign进阶实战
OpenFeign实战
替换默认的Client
Feign默认是使用JDK原生的URLConnection发送HTTP请求，没有连接池，但是对每个地址会保持一个长连接，就是利用HTTP的persistence connection.。这样可以使用其他优秀的Client去替换。这样可以设置连接池，超时时间等对服务之间的调用调优。下面介绍使用Http Client和Okhttp替换Feign默认的Client。步骤也很简单。
使用Http Client替换默认的Client
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponentsgroupId>
<artifactId>httpclientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeigngroupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclientartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
application.yml
server:
port: 8010
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-httpclient
feign:
httpclient:
enabled: true
关于Http Client的一些配置也是可以在配置文件中配置的
在org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.clientconfig.HttpClientFeignConfiguration中是关于HttpClient的配置：
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({CloseableHttpClient.class})
public class HttpClientFeignConfiguration {
private final Timer connectionManagerTimer = new Timer("FeignApacheHttpClientConfiguration.connectionManagerTimer", true);
private CloseableHttpClient httpClient;
@Autowired(
required = false
)
private RegistryBuilder registryBuilder;
public HttpClientFeignConfiguration() {
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({HttpClientConnectionManager.class})
public HttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager(ApacheHttpClientConnectionManagerFactory connectionManagerFactory, FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
final HttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = connectionManagerFactory.newConnectionManager(httpClientProperties.isDisableSslValidation(), httpClientProperties.getMaxConnections(), httpClientProperties.getMaxConnectionsPerRoute(), httpClientProperties.getTimeToLive(), httpClientProperties.getTimeToLiveUnit(), this.registryBuilder);
this.connectionManagerTimer.schedule(new TimerTask() {
public void run() {
connectionManager.closeExpiredConnections();
}
}, 30000L, (long)httpClientProperties.getConnectionTimerRepeat());
return connectionManager;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(
value = {"feign.compression.response.enabled"},
havingValue = "true"
)
public CloseableHttpClient customHttpClient(HttpClientConnectionManager httpClientConnectionManager, FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
HttpClientBuilder builder = HttpClientBuilder.create().disableCookieManagement().useSystemProperties();
this.httpClient = this.createClient(builder, httpClientConnectionManager, httpClientProperties);
return this.httpClient;
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnProperty(
value = {"feign.compression.response.enabled"},
havingValue = "false",
matchIfMissing = true
)
public CloseableHttpClient httpClient(ApacheHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory, HttpClientConnectionManager httpClientConnectionManager, FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
this.httpClient = this.createClient(httpClientFactory.createBuilder(), httpClientConnectionManager, httpClientProperties);
return this.httpClient;
}
private CloseableHttpClient createClient(HttpClientBuilder builder, HttpClientConnectionManager httpClientConnectionManager, FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
RequestConfig defaultRequestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setConnectTimeout(httpClientProperties.getConnectionTimeout()).setRedirectsEnabled(httpClientProperties.isFollowRedirects()).build();
CloseableHttpClient httpClient = builder.setDefaultRequestConfig(defaultRequestConfig).setConnectionManager(httpClientConnectionManager).build();
return httpClient;
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() throws Exception {
this.connectionManagerTimer.cancel();
if (this.httpClient != null) {
this.httpClient.close();
}
}
}
很明显当没有CloseableHttpClient这个bean的时候，就是会由这个类来生成Http Client的默认配置。所以说对于HttpClient的自定义配置可以通过自己注入CloseableHttpClient。还有HttpClientConnectionManager管理连接的bean。其实OpenFeign对HttpClient的支持很好，因为它的一些属性可以在配置文件中配置。
使用Okhttp替换默认的Client
其实和Http Client一样的配置，也是在配置文件中开启
pom.xml
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeigngroupId>
<artifactId>feign-okhttpartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
application.yml
server:
port: 8011
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-okhttp
feign:
okhttp:
enabled: true
# 日志
logging:
level:
com.msr.better.feign.service.HelloFeignService: debug
这样开启之后，Client就被替换了。同理在org.springframework.cloud.openfeign.clientconfig包下，也有一个关于Okhttp的配置类。
@Configuration(
proxyBeanMethods = false
)
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({OkHttpClient.class})
public class OkHttpFeignConfiguration {
private OkHttpClient okHttpClient;
public OkHttpFeignConfiguration() {
}
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean({ConnectionPool.class})
public ConnectionPool httpClientConnectionPool(FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties, OkHttpClientConnectionPoolFactory connectionPoolFactory) {
Integer maxTotalConnections = httpClientProperties.getMaxConnections();
Long timeToLive = httpClientProperties.getTimeToLive();
TimeUnit ttlUnit = httpClientProperties.getTimeToLiveUnit();
return connectionPoolFactory.create(maxTotalConnections, timeToLive, ttlUnit);
}
@Bean
public OkHttpClient client(OkHttpClientFactory httpClientFactory, ConnectionPool connectionPool, FeignHttpClientProperties httpClientProperties) {
Boolean followRedirects = httpClientProperties.isFollowRedirects();
Integer connectTimeout = httpClientProperties.getConnectionTimeout();
this.okHttpClient = httpClientFactory.createBuilder(httpClientProperties.isDisableSslValidation()).connectTimeout((long)connectTimeout, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS).followRedirects(followRedirects).connectionPool(connectionPool).build();
return this.okHttpClient;
}
@PreDestroy
public void destroy() {
if (this.okHttpClient != null) {
this.okHttpClient.dispatcher().executorService().shutdown();
this.okHttpClient.connectionPool().evictAll();
}
}
}
很明显OkHttpClient是核心功能执行的类。因为OpenFeign中有一个类FeignHttpClientProperties，有了这个类关于HttpClient的属性就可以在配置文件中设置了。但是Okhttp没有这一个类似的类，所以一般可以自己注入一个OkHttpClient去设置这些属性
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnClass(Feign.class)
@AutoConfigureBefore(FeignAutoConfiguration.class)
public class OkHttpConfig {
@Bean
public okhttp3.OkHttpClient okHttpClient() {
return new okhttp3.OkHttpClient.Builder()
//设置连接超时
.connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//设置读超时
.readTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//设置写超时
.writeTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
//是否自动重连
.retryOnConnectionFailure(true)
.connectionPool(new ConnectionPool())
//构建OkHttpClient对象
.build();
}
}
关于自定义OkHttpClient的配置，可以参考OpenFeign里OkHttpFeignConfiguration的配置，例如ConnectionPool这个bean。
Post和Get的多参数传递
在使用OpenFeign实现服务之间的调用时，很多时候是要传递多个参数。
创建cloud-openfeign-eureka-server模块
Eureka Server注册中心
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-serverartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-actuatorartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
<exclusions>
<exclusion>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcatartifactId>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
exclusion>
exclusions>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-undertowartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.undertowgroupId>
<artifactId>undertow-servletartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8761
eureka:
instance:
hostname: localhost
server :
enable-self-preservation: false
client:
registerWithEureka: false
fetchRegistry: false
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://${eureka.instance.hostname}:${server.port}/eureka/
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaServer
public class EurekaApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(EurekaApplication.class, args);
}
}
创建cloud-openfeign-provider模块
服务提提供者
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8012
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-provider
eureka:
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
#eureka.instance.prefer-ip-address 表示将自己的IP注册到Eureka Server上，
#如果不配置,会将当前服务提供者所在的主机名注册到Eureka Server上。
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
实体类和控制器
public class Order {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int age;
public Long getId() {
return id;
}
public void setId(Long id) {
this.id = id;
}
public String getName() {
return name;
}
public void setName(String name) {
this.name = name;
}
public int getAge() {
return age;
}
public void setAge(int age) {
this.age = age;
}
}
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/order")
public class OrderController {
@GetMapping(value = "/add")
public String addUser(Order order, HttpServletRequest request) {
String token = request.getHeader("oauthToken");
return "hello," + order.getName();
}
@PostMapping(value = "/update")
public String updateUser(@RequestBody Order order) {
return "hello," + order.getName();
}
}
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class ProviderApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(ProviderApplication.class, args);
}
}
创建cloud-openfeign-consumer模块
消费者服务
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.apache.httpcomponentsgroupId>
<artifactId>httpclientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeigngroupId>
<artifactId>feign-httpclientartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8011
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-consumer
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
feign:
httpclient:
enabled: true
实体类
package com.msr.better.feign.model;
public class Order {
private Long id;
private String name;
private int nums;
// 此处省略了getter和setter
}
FeignClient接口
@FeignClient("openfeign-provider")
public interface OrderApiService {
@GetMapping(value = "/order/add")
String addUser(@SpringQueryMap Order order);
@PostMapping(value = "/order/update")
String updateUser(@RequestBody Order order);
}
此处的Client接口中对于GET请求传递实体类使用了注解@SpringQueryMap。OpenFeign@QueryMap批注支持将POJO用作GET参数映射。但是默认的OpenFeign QueryMap注释与Spring不兼容，因为它缺少value属性。
Spring Cloud OpenFeign提供了等效的@SpringQueryMap注释，该注释用于将POJO或Map参数注释为查询参数映射。
在一些资料中说什么OpenFeign的什么GET不能传递POJO，写了个拦截器把实体类转换了，估计是OpenFeign的版本低，在新的OpenFeign中是有了对QueryMap的支持了。
配置类
@Configuration
public class CoreAutoConfiguration {
@Autowired
private HttpClient httpClient;
@Bean
public HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory httpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory() {
HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory factory = new HttpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory();
factory.setHttpClient(httpClient);
factory.setReadTimeout(3000);
factory.setConnectTimeout(3000);
factory.setConnectionRequestTimeout(3000);
return factory;
}
/**
* {@link RestTemplate }的setRequestFactory方法支持HttpClient和Okhttp等Client
* 默认是使用{@link SimpleClientHttpRequestFactory } Http的请求是使用原生的URLConnection
*
* @return RestTemplate的bean
*/
@LoadBalanced
@Bean
public RestTemplate restTemplate() {
RestTemplate restTemplate = new RestTemplate();
restTemplate.setRequestFactory(httpComponentsClientHttpRequestFactory());
return restTemplate;
}
}
上面是替换了RestTemplate的Client。因为RestTemplate默认是使用URLConnection。这里是使用HttpClient替换了。
控制器
@RestController
@RequestMapping("api")
public class OrderController {
@Autowired
private OrderApiService orderApiService;
/**
* @param order
* @return
*/
@PostMapping("/get/pojo")
public String getPojo(@RequestBody Order order) {
return orderApiService.addUser(order);
}
@PostMapping("/post/pojo")
String postPojo(@RequestBody Order order){
return orderApiService.updateUser(order);
}
}
最后就可以测试http://localhost:8011/get/pojo和http://localhost:8011/post/pojo了。
文件上传
继续使用上一节创建的Eureka Server。然后创建一下两个模块用作文件上传。
想要实现文件上传功能，需要编写Encoder去实现文件上传。现在OpenFeign提供了子项目feign-form(https://github.com/OpenFeign/feign-form)
创建cloud-openfeign-fileupload-server
文件上传接口的提供者
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8012
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-file-server
eureka:
server:
enableSelfPreservation: false
client:
serviceUrl:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka/
instance:
prefer-ip-address: true
启动类
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableDiscoveryClient
public class SCFeignFileServerApplication {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SCFeignFileServerApplication.class, args);
}
}
上传接口
@RestController
public class FileController {
@PostMapping(value = "/uploadFile/server", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String fileUploadServer(MultipartFile file ) throws Exception{
return file.getOriginalFilename();
}
}
创建cloud-openfeign-fileupload-client
文件上传接口的调用者
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.bootgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-webartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-eureka-clientartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.cloudgroupId>
<artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeignartifactId>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.formgroupId>
<artifactId>feign-formartifactId>
<version>3.8.0version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeign.formgroupId>
<artifactId>feign-form-springartifactId>
dependency>
dependencies>
配置文件application.yml
server:
port: 8011
spring:
application:
name: openfeign-upload-client
eureka:
client:
service-url:
defaultZone: http://localhost:8761/eureka
配置类
@Configuration
public class FeignMultipartSupportConfig {
@Bean
@Primary
@Scope("prototype")
public Encoder multipartFormEncoder() {
return new SpringFormEncoder();
}
}
控制器
@RestController
@RequestMapping("file")
public class FeignUploadController {
@Autowired
private FileUploadApiService fileUploadApiService;
@PostMapping(value = "/upload", consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
public String imageUpload(MultipartFile file) throws Exception {
return fileUploadApiService.fileUpload(file);
}
}
FeignClient
@FeignClient(value = "openfeign-file-server", configuration = FeignMultipartSupportConfig.class)
public interface FileUploadApiService {
/***
* 1.produces,consumes必填
* 2.注意区分@RequestPart和RequestParam，不要将
* @RequestPart(value = "file") 写成@RequestParam(value = "file")
* @param file
* @return
*/
@PostMapping(value = "/uploadFile/server",
produces = {MediaType.APPLICATION_JSON_UTF8_VALUE},
consumes = MediaType.MULTIPART_FORM_DATA_VALUE)
String fileUpload(@RequestPart(value = "file") MultipartFile file);
}
测试
运行Eureka Server、cloud-openfeign-fileupload-client模块和cloud-openfeign-fileupload-server模块，使用PostMan进行测试。最后成功返回文件的名字，文件成功的上传到server上了。
解决首次请求失败问题
由于OpenFeign整合了Ribbon和Hystrix，可能会出现首次调用失败的问题。
主要原因是：Hystrix默认的超时时间是1秒，如果超过这个时间没有响应，就会进入fallback代码。由于Bean的装配和懒加载的机制，Feign首次请求都会比较慢。如此一来当响应时间大于1秒就会进入fallback而导致请求失败。解决方法：
-
将Hystrix的超时时间调大，此方法比较好
hystrix: command: default: execution: isolation: thread: timeoutInMillseconds: 5000 # 5秒 -
禁用Hystrix的超时时间
hystrix: command: default: execution: timout: enable: false -
使用Feign的时候关闭Hystrix，这是不推荐的
feign: hystrix: enable: false
返回图片流的处理方式
对于返回的是图片，一般都是字节数组。但是Contrller不能直接返回byte，所以被调用的API返回的类型应该使用Response。
使用上面的文件上传创建的模块中添加一个返回图片的接口。以生成一个二维码为例。
cloud-openfeign-fileupload-server的一些修改
添加新的依赖，使用hutool快速生成二维码
<dependency>
<groupId>cn.hutoolgroupId>
<artifactId>hutool-allartifactId>
<version>5.6.3version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>com.google.zxinggroupId>
<artifactId>coreartifactId>
<version>3.3.3version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.openfeigngroupId>
<artifactId>feign-coreartifactId>
dependency>
controller的接口，这里仅简单的生成了一个二维码，二维码还可以添加更加多的信息。这里就不详细介绍，hutool的QrCodeUtil有很多方法，有兴趣的可以自行研究。
@GetMapping(value = "/qrcode")
public byte[] image() {
return generateQrCode();
}
/**
* 先简单的生成一个url的二维码,指向百度
* @return
*/
private byte[] generateQrCode() {
return QrCodeUtil.generatePng("https://www.baidu.cn/", 300, 300);
}
cloud-openfeign-fileupload-client的一些修改
添加新依赖
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-iogroupId>
<artifactId>commons-ioartifactId>
<version>2.6version>
dependency>
feignclient添加新接口
@GetMapping("/qrcode")
Response getQrCode();
controller的修改，对于要在前端页面显示图片，一般用的最多的是返回页面一个url，但是这都是存储好的图片，但是每次生成验证码和二维码这些，服务端可能并不会存储起来。所以并不能返回一个url地址，对于验证码用的返回前端Base64编码。二维码的话可以基于HttpServletResponse，produces返回字节流和Base64图片。
这里使用HttpServletResponse，添加方法：
@GetMapping("/qrcode")
public void getQrCode(HttpServletResponse response) {
Response res = fileUploadApiService.getQrCode();
try {
InputStream inputStream = res.body().asInputStream();
response.setContentType(MediaType.IMAGE_PNG_VALUE);
IOUtils.copy(inputStream,response.getOutputStream());
} catch (IOException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
浏览器访问:http://localhost:8011/file/qrcode，结果
调用传递token
正常的来说，系统都是有认证鉴权的功能，不管是JWT还是security，在外部请求到A服务时，是带有token过来的，但是此请求在A服务内部通过Feign调用B服务时，就会发生token的丢失。
解决方法也是不难，就是在使用Feign远程调用时，在请求头里携带一下token，一般token是放在请求头里面。
Feign提供的拦截器RequestInterceptor，这样可以拦截Feign的请求，在请求头里添加token。对于这部分代码，在cloud-openfeign-consumer和cloud-openfeign-provider上进行添加。
修改cloud-openfeign-provider
修改一下方法，便于展示结果
@PostMapping(value = "/update")
public String updateOrder(@RequestBody Order order, HttpServletRequest request) {
String token = request.getHeader("token");
return "hello," + order.getName() + " " + "haha!I get a token: " + token;
}
修改cloud-openfeign-consumer
添加拦截器实现feign.RequestInterceptor
@Component
public class FeignTokenInterceptor implements RequestInterceptor {
@Override
public void apply(RequestTemplate requestTemplate) {
if (null == getHttpServletRequest()) {
//此处可以记录一些日志
return;
}
//将获取Token对应的值往下面传
requestTemplate.header("token", getHeaders(getHttpServletRequest()).get("token"));
}
private HttpServletRequest getHttpServletRequest() {
try {
return ((ServletRequestAttributes) RequestContextHolder.getRequestAttributes()).getRequest();
} catch (Exception e) {
return null;
}
}
/**
* Feign拦截器拦截请求获取Token对应的值
*
* @param request
* @return
*/
private Map<String, String> getHeaders(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, String> map = new LinkedHashMap<>();
Enumeration<String> enumeration = request.getHeaderNames();
while (enumeration.hasMoreElements()) {
String key = enumeration.nextElement();
String value = request.getHeader(key);
map.put(key, value);
}
return map;
}
}
最后启动服务就可以开始测试了，测试结果：
最后
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