原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/sdmei/article/details/115891780
这个世界离不开时间,同样,数据库中也是如此,表中的每条记录除了数据模型的时间字段(如生日,生产日期,出发日期等),一般至少还有两个固定的时间字段:记录插入时间,记录更新时间。
然而,看似很简单时间字段,谁能想到会导致应用报错,引发血案:
个中缘由,正是接下来要讲到的。
因时间字段的一些特性与版本有关,且目前我司统一使用的mysql 5.7版本,因此本文内容都基于mysql 5.7。
mysql时间相关的字段主要有DATE、DATETIME、TIMESTAMP。
其中datatime和timestamp字段都可以包含小数,如datetime(6),字节长度的可变部分(0-3)由小数位数决定:
3个字节的整型,按照这种方式进行压缩: YYYY×16×32 + MM×32 + DD
整数部分5个字节,由以下部分组成
整数部分4个字节,存储从(‘1970-01-01 00:00:00’ UTC)到指定时间的秒数;
timestamp类型是4个字节,最大值是2的31次方减1,也就是2147483647,转换成北京时间就是2038-01-19 11:14:07
admin@test 04:42:41>show variables like 'time_zone';
+---------------+--------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+---------------+--------+
| time_zone | +08:00 |
+---------------+--------+
admin@test 04:42:42>create table t1(dt datetime,ts timestamp);
admin@test 04:43:07>insert into t1 values(now(),now());
admin@test 04:43:17>select * from t1;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| dt | ts |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2021-03-27 16:43:17 | 2021-03-27 16:43:17 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
admin@test 04:43:50>set time_zone='+09:00';
admin@test 04:44:00>select * from t1;
+---------------------+---------------------+
| dt | ts |
+---------------------+---------------------+
| 2021-03-27 16:43:17 | 2021-03-27 17:43:17 |
+---------------------+---------------------+
admin@test 04:44:07>
当禁用该值时(explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=0),mysql启用timestamp字段的特有行为(和数字、字符串等类型的表现不同),具体特性如下:
admin@test 05:49:00>create table t2(id int auto_increment, name varchar(100), dt1 datetime, ts1 timestamp, ts2 timestamp, primary key(id));
admin@test 05:49:48>show create table t2;
±------±--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
±------±--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t2 | CREATE TABLE t2 (
id int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
name varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
dt1 datetime DEFAULT NULL,
ts1 timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
ts2 timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (id)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 |
±------±--------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:50:20>insert into t2(name) values(‘a1’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:51:07>select * from t2;
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| id | name | dt1 | ts1 | ts2 |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| 1 | a1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##注:插入记录时,默认为null
admin@test 05:54:20>update t2 set name=‘aa1’ where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
admin@test 05:54:31>select * from t2;
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| id | name | dt1 | ts1 | ts2 |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| 1 | aa1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##注:更新记录时,默认为null
admin@test 05:58:10>create table t3(id int auto_increment,name varchar(100),ts1 timestamp not null default current_timestamp,primary key(id));
admin@test 05:58:18>insert into t3(name) values(‘a1’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:58:22>select * from t3;
±—±-----±--------------------+
| id | name | ts1 |
±—±-----±--------------------+
| 1 | a1 | 2021-03-23 17:58:22 |
±—±-----±--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##注:创建表手动设置not null default current_timestamp,插入记录不含timestamp字段时,默认为当前时间
admin@test 05:58:25>insert into t3(name,ts1) values(‘a1’,null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
##注:timestamp字段显式插入null时,报错Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
admin@test 05:59:11>create table t4(id int auto_increment,name varchar(100),ts1 timestamp not null ,primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
admin@test 05:59:44>insert into t4(name) values(‘a1’);
ERROR 1364 (HY000): Field ‘ts1’ doesn’t have a default value
admin@test 05:59:49>
##注:创建表手动设置not null,插入记录不含timestamp字段时,报错Field doesn’t have a default value
admin@test 05:59:50>insert into t4(name,ts1) values(‘a1’,null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
admin@test 05:59:57>
##注:timestamp字段显式插入null时,报错Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
当启用该值时(explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1),mysql禁用timestamp字段的特有行为,具体表现和数字、字符串类型一样。
admin@test 05:49:00>create table t2(id int auto_increment, name varchar(100), dt1 datetime, ts1 timestamp, ts2 timestamp, primary key(id));
admin@test 05:49:48>show create table t2;
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Table | Create Table |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| t2 | CREATE TABLE `t2` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(100) DEFAULT NULL,
`dt1` datetime DEFAULT NULL,
`ts1` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
`ts2` timestamp NULL DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8mb4 |
+-------+---------------------------------------------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:50:20>insert into t2(name) values(‘a1’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:51:07>select * from t2;
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| id | name | dt1 | ts1 | ts2 |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| 1 | a1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 注:插入记录时,默认为null
admin@test 05:54:20>update t2 set name=‘aa1’ where id=1;
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
Rows matched: 1 Changed: 1 Warnings: 0
admin@test 05:54:31>select * from t2;
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| id | name | dt1 | ts1 | ts2 |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
| 1 | aa1 | NULL | NULL | NULL |
±—±-----±-----±-----±-----+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
## 注:更新记录时,默认为null
admin@test 05:58:10>create table t3(id int auto_increment,name varchar(100),ts1 timestamp not null default current_timestamp,primary key(id));
admin@test 05:58:18>insert into t3(name) values(‘a1’);
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.00 sec)
admin@test 05:58:22>select * from t3;
±—±-----±--------------------+
| id | name | ts1 |
±—±-----±--------------------+
| 1 | a1 | 2021-03-23 17:58:22 |
±—±-----±--------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
##注:创建表手动设置not null default current_timestamp,插入记录不含timestamp字段时,默认为当前时间
admin@test 05:58:25>insert into t3(name,ts1) values(‘a1’,null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
##注:timestamp字段显式插入null时,报错Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
admin@test 05:59:11>create table t4(id int auto_increment,name varchar(100),ts1 timestamp not null ,primary key(id));
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)
admin@test 05:59:44>insert into t4(name) values(‘a1’);
ERROR 1364 (HY000): Field ‘ts1’ doesn’t have a default value
admin@test 05:59:49>
##注:创建表手动设置not null,插入记录不含timestamp字段时,报错Field doesn’t have a default value
admin@test 05:59:50>insert into t4(name,ts1) values(‘a1’,null);
ERROR 1048 (23000): Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
admin@test 05:59:57>
##注:timestamp字段显式插入null时,报错Column ‘ts1’ cannot be null
启用该参数(explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=1)
timestamp字段在null、default属性的表现和其他普通字段表现类似:
禁用该参数(explicit_defaults_for_timestamp=0)
timestamp字段在null、default属性的表现和其他普通字段表现有明显差异:
血案发生的场景
公司所有集群已经统一启用该参数;
某集群过去某个时间因为研发的要求,将该参数禁用,但是这次集群切换后的新服务器采用了统一的参数模板,启用了参数;
应用程序显式向timestamp字段插入null值,且该字段已经设置了not null,在禁用该参数的集群不会报错,但是切换到启用了该参数的集群时,就报column cannot be null.
统一规范
个别集群禁用该参数导致公司所有的mysql集群参数不统一,可能带来应用报错的后果,因此建议:
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原文链接:https://blog.csdn.net/sdmei/article/details/115891780