Linux OS 常规操作

查看和配置网络设备：ifconfig

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ifconfig
lo: flags=73  mtu 1500
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0
        loop  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wifi0: flags=4163  mtu 1500
        inet 10.3.57.163  netmask 255.255.248.0  broadcast 10.3.63.255
        inet6 2001:da8:3008:2218:3168:ad88:b8b2:2b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0
        inet6 2001:da8:3008:2218:59ae:d751:e7a4:3674  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x0
        inet6 fe80::3168:ad88:b8b2:2b  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x0
        unspec 38-37-8B-F1-07-88-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00  (UNSPEC)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

获得当前所在的工作目录的据对路径名称：pwd

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ pwd
/home/yangyang

查看当前目录下的所有文件/文件夹，包括文件夹的权限，其他的信息：ll

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ll
total 47900
drwxr-xr-x 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Dec 26 16:33 ./
drwxr-xr-x 1 root     root         4096 Oct 28 00:53 ../
-rw------- 1 yangyang yangyang    22672 Dec 26 23:47 .bash_history
-rw-r--r-- 1 yangyang yangyang      220 Oct 28 00:53 .bash_logout
-rw-r--r-- 1 yangyang yangyang     3771 Oct 28 00:53 .bashrc
drwxrwxrwx 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Dec 26 10:30 .cpan/
drwxrwxrwx 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Dec 26 11:45 .cpanm/
drwxrwxrwx 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Nov  8 23:42 .oracle_jre_usage/
-rw-r--r-- 1 yangyang yangyang      807 Oct 28 00:53 .profile
-rw-r--r-- 1 yangyang yangyang        0 Oct 28 11:22 .sudo_as_admin_successful
drwxrwxrwx 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Dec 26 17:26 .vep/
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang      165 Dec 20 19:45 .wget-hsts
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang  9887302 Dec 20 19:29 bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang 19581105 May 21  2017 bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz.1
drwxr-xr-x 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Sep  3  2015 bedtools2/
drwxrwxrwx 1 yangyang yangyang     4096 Dec 26 10:33 perl5/
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang        0 Nov 18 18:00 snnplist.avinput
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang 19586049 Dec 20 19:40 v2.25.0.tar.gz
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang     3195 Dec 20 19:45 wget-log
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang     8690 Dec 20 19:40 wget-log.1
-rw-rw-rw- 1 yangyang yangyang        0 Dec 26 10:35 wget-log.2

查看当前目录下的所有文件/文件夹名称：ls
查看当前目录下包含隐藏文件在内的文件：ls -a

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ls
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz    bedtools2  snnplist.avinput  wget-log    wget-log.2
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz.1  perl5      v2.25.0.tar.gz    wget-log.1

切换到当前目录的下一级目录：cd
切换到当前路径的上级目录：cd ..
切换到当前路径的上上级目录：cd ../..
直接切换到Home目录：cd
切换到根目录：cd /

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cd /
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:/$ ls
bin   dev  home  lib    media  opt   root  sbin  srv  tmp  var
boot  etc  init  lib64  mnt    proc  run   snap  sys  usr
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ cd
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ls
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz    bedtools2  snnplist.avinput  test2           wget-log    wget-log.2
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz.1  perl5      test1             v2.25.0.tar.gz  wget-log.1

创建文件夹：mkdir

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ mkdir test
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ls
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz    bedtools2  snnplist.avinput  v2.25.0.tar.gz  wget-log.1
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz.1  perl5      test              wget-log        wget-log.2

新建空文件：touch

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test$ touch file1 file2
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test$ ls
file1  file2

删除空文件夹：rmdir

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ rmdir test
rmdir: failed to remove 'test': Directory not empty

删除一个包含文件的文件夹：rm -r

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ rm -r test
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ ls
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz    bedtools2  snnplist.avinput  wget-log    wget-log.2
bedtools-2.25.0.tar.gz.1  perl5      v2.25.0.tar.gz    wget-log.1

删除多个文件：rm

略

文件拷贝：cp
同名文件存在时，输出 [yes/no] 询问是否执行：cp -i
强制复制文件，如有同名不询问：cp -f

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ mkdir test1 test2 ##新建两个文件夹
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ cd test1
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ touch file1-1 file1-2 ##新建文件
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cd ../test2
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test2$ touch file2-1 file2-2 ##新建文件
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test2$ cp file2-1 ../test1 ##cp拷贝文件
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test2$ cd ../test1
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ ls
file1-1  file1-2  file2-1
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cp -i file2-1 ../test2 ##cp -i拷贝重复文件询问
cp: overwrite '../test2/file2-1'? no
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cp -i file2-1 ../test2
cp: overwrite '../test2/file2-1'? yes
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cp -f file2-1 ../test2##cp -f强制拷贝文件

文件剪贴：mv

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ mv file1-1 ../test2
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ cd ../test2
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test2$ ls
file1-1  file2-1  file2-2

文件重命名：mv

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~$ mv test1 test3 #把文件夹test1改名为test3

查看文件类型：file

yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ file file1-2
file1-2: empty
##此处略vi给文件编辑上内容
yangyang@DESKTOP-SGNIV47:~/test1$ file file1-2
file1-2: ASCII text

Linux 文件内容查看
cat 由第一行开始显示文件内容
tac 从最后一行开始显示，可以看出 tac 是 cat 的倒著写！
nl 显示的时候，顺道输出行号！
more 一页一页的显示文件内容
**less 与 more 类似，但是比 more 更好的是，他可以往前翻页！
head 只看头几行
tail 只看尾巴几行