【Larry】英语学习笔记语法篇——理解简单句就理解了一切
目录
二、理解简单句就理解了一切
1、主谓宾定状补
2、简单句的构成
①SV结构
②SVP结构
③SVO结构
④SVOO结构
⑤SVOC结构
二、理解简单句就理解了一切
“英语句子其实就是搭积木。”
1、主谓宾定状补
主语（subject）：句子的主题话题or动作的发出者，是名词属性，比较简单。
谓语（predicate）：谓语即动词。
宾语（objective）：名词属性，谓语动词的执行对象即宾语。
定语（attribute）：形容词属性，修饰名词性成分的成分。
e.g1 The best way to learn a language is to practice speakinng it.【不定式作定语（形容词性成分）】
e.g2 The broken vase on the table needs to be fixed.【过去式作前置定语】
状语（adverbial）：副词属性，修饰动词、形容词和其他副词的成分。
e.g1 I will meet you tomorrow.【副词】
tomorrow修饰meet。
e.g2 I will meet you at the park.【副词性质的介词短语】
e.g3 I will meet you at the park tomorrow if it doesn't rain.
tomorrow修饰at the park，if it doesn't rain修饰tomorrow。
e.g4 I will meet you at the park tomorrow to get the computer fixed if it doesn't rain.
to get the computer fixed 是不定式作目的状语，副词属性。
补语（complement）补充说明的额外成分。
补语=宾语补语or主语补语 (A is B)
e.g1 She painted the room blue.【形容词性，宾补】
room was blue.
e.g2 We consider him a fool.【名词性，宾补】
he is a fool.
e.g3 I found the movie to be very interesting.【形容词性，宾补】
movie was interesting.
e.g4 You should leave the door open.【形容词性，宾补】
door is open.
e.g5 He is walking around naked.【形容词性，主补】
he is naked
e.g6 I asked him to buy something for me.【名词性，不定式作名词，宾补】
he was to buy something for me.
拓展：补语详解
①简单的主语补语
表语（也叫主语补语）
e.g1 She is a girl.
e.g2 That sounds nice.
②复杂的主语补语，这种情况要和状语从句分清楚。
e.g1 He is walking around naked.
He is walking around nakedly. 这句话在语法层面对，但是，语义错误。这句话要翻译为“他在用裸体的形式走路”显然是错误的；所以要用第一句的naked，“他正裸着走路”。
e.g2 Tone stood there silent.
Tone stood there silently. 和e.g1一样，“沉默”应该修饰人而不是动作。
e.g4 Do not drive tired!
Do not drive tiredly! 同样地，tired是修饰人的。
e.g5 Everything will come right.
Everything will come rightly. right修饰everything才对。
e.g6 Micheal stared at me speechless.
Micheal stared at me speechlessly. “无语”只能修饰人，不能修饰“盯着”这个动作。
e.g7 I read the letter heart-broken.
I read the letter heart-brokenly. “心碎”不能修饰“读”这个动作。
e.g8 Angry with his dad,Sally stormed out of the room.
很多情况下，分辨是否为补语，可以看是否构成"A is B"这个结构。
take it easy为什么不是take it easily？
如果翻译为放轻松那么第一个对（省略了you），翻译为轻松地拿则第二个对。
2、简单句的构成
简单句就是主语+谓语
图2.1 简单句的构成
简单句之所以有这么多种类型，实际上是因为英语中的动词有很多种，比如系动词，及物动词，不及物动词等。也可以说这是按照动词的种类进行的分类。
①SV结构
不及物动词
e.g1 He came.
e.g2 The girl with a black bag on her back smiled.
②SVP结构
系动词（普通系动词可以理解为等号，感官系动词可以理解为约等号）
e.g1 She is happy.
e.g2 Jimmy's parents felt really angry when knowing that he had failed his test.
③SVO结构
及物动词
e.g1 We learn English.
e.g2 Do you speak English?
④SVOO结构
特殊的及物动词
e.g1 I gave him a book.
e.g2 The man who came here yesterday asked me the way to the station.
主谓双宾结构中，直接宾语通常是物品，间接宾语通常是人；双宾结构的句子也可用介词for、to来改写。
I gave him a book.=I gave a book to him.
Sally bought me a gift.=Sally bought a gift for me.
⑤SVOC结构
及物动词
e.g1 They elected Biden President.
e.g2 I painted the old wall black.
e.g3 Those students who scored below 60 made their parents really angey.
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